Bryant v. State

549 S.W.2d 956, 1977 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 285
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedJanuary 12, 1977
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 549 S.W.2d 956 (Bryant v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bryant v. State, 549 S.W.2d 956, 1977 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 285 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1977).

Opinion

OPINION

TATUM, Judge.

The appellant was convicted in Hardin County of selling lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and his punishment was fixed at 5 years imprisonment in the State Penitentiary. We affirm the conviction.

The evidence accredited by the jury reflected that a Criminal Investigator of the Tennessee Bureau of Identification, working “undercover”, went to the appellant’s home in Hardin County and purchased 50 LSD tablets for the sum of $65.00. A toxicologist testified that the tablets contained LSD.

The appellant testified in his own behalf in which he admitted selling the tablets to the undercover agent, but denied receiving $65.00 for them. (He said that the sale price was $50.00). He was not personally acquainted with the undercover agent but stated that he made the sale because two friends of his told him that this individual was from Memphis and needed some drugs. The appellant said that he went to Memphis and got the tablets only to help out his friends.

In his first assignment, the appellant says that the Court erred in allowing the State’s toxicologist to testify as an expert. When this witness testified as a toxicologist, the appellant made no objection and we could not consider this assignment, even if it had merit. Tenn.Sup.Ct.R. 14(4); Ezell v. State, 220 Tenn. 11, 413 S.W.2d 678 (1967). However, the witness received a B.S. Degree in Chemistry and has been working for the Toxicology Laboratory at the University of Tennessee for two years. She previously worked as a toxicologist in Missouri. The determination of who is an expert witness is within the sound discretion of the Trial Court. Wade v. State, 529 S.W.2d 739 (Tenn.Cr.App.1975). We find no abuse of that discretion here, and this assignment is overruled.

The appellant next says that the verdict was contrary to the evidence and the law. There is no merit in this assignment. The appellant was guilty by his own testimony. The appellant says that the proof established only a “casual exchange”, citing State v. Helton, 507 S.W.2d 117 (Tenn.1974). In Helton, the Supreme Court applied subsection (a)(2) of T.C.A. § 52-1432 to the selling of controlled substances and held that a “casual transaction” sale should be treated as a simple possession without intent to sell, a misdemeanor under T.C.A. § 52-1432(b)(l)(2). The sale of a controlled substance is a felony, T.C.A. § 52-1432(a), except for the sale of one-half ounce or less [958]*958of marijuana or tetrahydrocannabinols, T.C.A. § 52-1432(a)(3).

The Trial Judge instructed the jury relative to the “casual transaction” holding of the Supreme Court in State v. Helton, supra. The jury found the issue in favor of the State and against the defendant, and returned a verdict finding the defendant guilty of selling a Schedule I drug and sentencing him to the minimum imprisonment allowable for that offense. T.C.A. § 52-1432(a)(l)(A). This verdict was approved by the Trial Judge and we will not disturb it unless the defendant shows that the preponderance of the evidence is against the verdict. Martin v. State, 542 S.W.2d 638 (Tenn.Cr.App.1976). We do not find that the evidence preponderates against the verdict and Assignment II is overruled.

The appellant next says that, “he did not possess the mens rea to commit this offense due to the creative activity of the undercover officer and his agents”. The appellant concedes in his brief that entrapment is not recognized in Tennessee as a defense in a criminal case. Halquist v. State, 489 S.W.2d 88 (Tenn.Cr.App.1972). He asserts that the conduct of the police officers was such as to eliminate criminal intent, one of the essential elements of the crime, citing Williams v. State, 218 Tenn. 359, 403 S.W.2d 319 (1966); and Hagemaker v. State, 208 Tenn. 565, 347 S.W.2d 488 (1961). By the appellant’s own testimony, he possessed the necessary mens rea (criminal intent). He testified that he went to Memphis and procured the drugs for the purpose of selling them “to his friends”. He admitted selling them to the undercover agent and acquiring them for the purpose of resale to “friends”. The fact that the vendee of drugs is a “friend” of the vendor will neither excuse the sale nor lessen the degree of this offense. The Trial Judge instructed the jury fully with regard to the requirement that “intent” is an essential element to a criminal offense. The jury found this issue against the appellant and the finding of the jury is supported by overwhelming evidence. We will not disturb the jury verdict approved by the Trial Judge, it not being against the preponderance of the evidence. Martin v. State, supra; Judge v. State, 539 S.W.2d 340 (Tenn.Cr.App.1976). Assignment III is overruled.

The appellant next says that the LSD tablets were improperly admitted into evidence. He bases this assignment upon the allegation that there was a break in the chain of custody.

The agent placed the small plastic bag in which the tablets were delivered to him inside a larger plastic bag with an index card. He kept this evidence in a filing cabinet from April 10, 1975, until May 16, 1975, when he personally delivered it to the toxicologist who testified in the case. The toxicologist testified that after the testing was completed, she mailed the evidence by certified mail in a sealed container to the undercover agent. It was received by a secretary at the Tennessee Highway Patrol office and handed to the undercover agent unopened. The undercover agent brought the evidence to court and it was admitted as an exhibit to his testimony.

The appellant cites Ritter v. State, 3 Tenn.Cr.App. 372, 462 S.W.2d 247, 249 (1970), which holds:

“Whether the requisite chain of possession has been sufficiently established to justify admission of the exhibit is a matter committed to the discretion of the trial judge and his determination will not be overturned in the absence of a clearly mistaken exercise thereof. [citation omitted].”

Also see Wade v. State, 529 S.W.2d 739 (Tenn.Cr.App.1975). We find no mistaken exercise of the Trial Judge’s discretion in admitting this evidence and we overrule Assignment V.

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Bluebook (online)
549 S.W.2d 956, 1977 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 285, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bryant-v-state-tenncrimapp-1977.