Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing Apr 24 2014, 5:54 am the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
JOHN R. WATKINS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Arata Law Firm Attorney General of Indiana Fort Wayne, Indiana ELLEN H. MEILAENDER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
BRYAN SWINEFORD, ) ) Appellant-Petitioner, ) ) vs. ) No. 90A05-1311-CR-568 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE WELLS SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Everett Goshorn, Judge Cause No. 90D01-0708-FD-15
April 24, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
Bryan Swineford appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition to convert his class D
felony conviction to a class A misdemeanor. Finding that the trial court acted within its
discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
In 2004, Swineford was convicted of class A misdemeanor operating while
intoxicated (“OWI”) in Allen County. In 2006, he was convicted in Delaware County of
class A misdemeanor OWI endangering a person.1
In the predawn hours on August 4, 2007, a Wells County law enforcement officer was
arresting two suspects by the roadway. The officer looked up and saw a vehicle approaching.
When it became apparent that the vehicle was not going to slow down, the officer grabbed
one of the handcuffed suspects and pulled himself and the suspect out of its path.
Immediately thereafter, the oncoming vehicle, driven by Swineford, plunged into the
officer’s parked vehicle, causing it to strike the suspects’ vehicle.
When Swineford’s vehicle stopped, the officer noticed that Swineford had red, glassy
eyes and the strong smell of alcohol. Swineford admitted that he had been drinking, and
police found open alcohol containers in his vehicle. Swineford failed three field sobriety
tests and registered a blood alcohol content (“BAC”) of 0.20.
1 Because Swineford had a previous OWI conviction within five years, his 2006 OWI conviction qualified for treatment as a class D felony under Indiana Code Section 9-30-5-3(a)(1). It is unclear why it was not charged as such.
2 The State charged Swineford with class D felony operating a vehicle with a BAC of
0.08, class D felony OWI, and class C felony infraction open alcohol container while
operating a motor vehicle. The probable cause affidavit specified personal property damage
in excess of $10,000. In May 2008, Swineford pled guilty to class D felony operating a
vehicle with a BAC of 0.08, and the remaining charges were dismissed. Pursuant to the plea
agreement, he was sentenced to two years, with 180 days executed and the remainder
suspended to probation. He also was ordered to pay $500 in restitution. He was released
from probation in May 2010.
In September 2013, Swineford filed a petition to reduce his class D felony conviction
to a class A misdemeanor. The trial court denied his petition following a hearing. He now
appeals.
Discussion and Decision
Swineford challenges the trial court’s denial of his petition to convert his class D
felony conviction to a class A misdemeanor. Indiana Code Section 35-50-2-7 states in
pertinent part,
(c) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the sentencing court may convert a Class D felony conviction to a Class A misdemeanor conviction if, after receiving a verified petition as described in subsection (d) and after conducting a hearing of which the prosecuting attorney has been notified, the court makes the following findings:
(1) The person is not a sex or violent offender (as defined in IC 11-8-8- 5).
(2) The person was not convicted of a Class D felony that resulted in bodily injury to another person.
3 (3) The person has not been convicted of perjury under IC 35-44.1-2-1 (or IC 35-44-2-1 before its repeal) or official misconduct under IC 35- 44.1-1-1 (or IC 35-44-1-2 before its repeal).
(4) At least three (3) years have passed since the person:
(A) completed the person’s sentence; and
(B) satisfied any other obligation imposed on the person as part of the sentence;
for the Class D felony.
(5) The person has not been convicted of a felony since the person:
(B) satisfied any other obligation imposed on the person as part of the sentence;
(6) No criminal charges are pending against the person.
(Emphasis added.)
Statutory interpretation is a question of law reserved for the courts. Alden v. State,
983 N.E.2d 186, 189 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. In determining legislative intent,
we assess the plain language of the statute and attribute the common, ordinary meanings to its
terms. Id. For instance, if the word “shall” is used, we construe it “as mandatory language
creating a statutory right to a particular outcome after certain conditions are met.” Id.
However, where the word “may” is used, it “ordinarily implies a permissive condition and a
grant of discretion.” Id. (citation omitted). In such a case, we review for an abuse of
discretion, which occurs only where the trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and
4 effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id.
Here, the parties agree that Swineford has completed his sentence and satisfied the
requirements of his probation without incident, that three years have passed since he
completed his sentence, that he has not been convicted of a felony since then, and that he is
not otherwise disqualified based on the offenses in his criminal history. Notwithstanding, the
parties disagree on whether Indiana Code Section 35-50-2-7 requires the trial court to reduce
a defendant’s conviction from a class D felony to a class A misdemeanor if the defendant has
met every requirement on the list. The Alden court said no:
It seems clear that the General Assembly has adopted a policy wherein trial courts can reward good behavior by removing the stigma of certain Class D felony convictions …. However, the language used in the statute does not create a right to the reduction of one’s Class D felony conviction to a misdemeanor. The word “may” shows an intent by the legislature to give trial courts the discretion to grant or deny a petition, even if all of the statutory requirements have been met by the Petitioner. While it is best for trial courts to keep in mind the policy preference of rewarding good behavior with a reduction of a Class D felony conviction to a Class A misdemeanor, trial courts are free to deny a petition as long as the denial is supported by the logic and effect of the facts.
983 N.E.2d at 189 (emphases added).
In denying Swineford’s petition for reduction, the trial court focused on his
accumulation of three “drunk driving” convictions and emphasized that the second
conviction could have been entered as a class D felony but was not. Tr. at 9. The court also
acknowledged Swineford’s six-year tenure with the same company and noted that his felony
conviction had not presented a hardship or hindrance to his obtaining employment. Id.
While the court did not take into account the circumstances surrounding Swineford’s most
5 recent conviction for operating a vehicle with 0.08 or greater BAC, we note that nothing in
the statute prohibits the court from doing so.
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Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing Apr 24 2014, 5:54 am the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
JOHN R. WATKINS GREGORY F. ZOELLER Arata Law Firm Attorney General of Indiana Fort Wayne, Indiana ELLEN H. MEILAENDER Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
BRYAN SWINEFORD, ) ) Appellant-Petitioner, ) ) vs. ) No. 90A05-1311-CR-568 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE WELLS SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Everett Goshorn, Judge Cause No. 90D01-0708-FD-15
April 24, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
CRONE, Judge Case Summary
Bryan Swineford appeals the trial court’s denial of his petition to convert his class D
felony conviction to a class A misdemeanor. Finding that the trial court acted within its
discretion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
In 2004, Swineford was convicted of class A misdemeanor operating while
intoxicated (“OWI”) in Allen County. In 2006, he was convicted in Delaware County of
class A misdemeanor OWI endangering a person.1
In the predawn hours on August 4, 2007, a Wells County law enforcement officer was
arresting two suspects by the roadway. The officer looked up and saw a vehicle approaching.
When it became apparent that the vehicle was not going to slow down, the officer grabbed
one of the handcuffed suspects and pulled himself and the suspect out of its path.
Immediately thereafter, the oncoming vehicle, driven by Swineford, plunged into the
officer’s parked vehicle, causing it to strike the suspects’ vehicle.
When Swineford’s vehicle stopped, the officer noticed that Swineford had red, glassy
eyes and the strong smell of alcohol. Swineford admitted that he had been drinking, and
police found open alcohol containers in his vehicle. Swineford failed three field sobriety
tests and registered a blood alcohol content (“BAC”) of 0.20.
1 Because Swineford had a previous OWI conviction within five years, his 2006 OWI conviction qualified for treatment as a class D felony under Indiana Code Section 9-30-5-3(a)(1). It is unclear why it was not charged as such.
2 The State charged Swineford with class D felony operating a vehicle with a BAC of
0.08, class D felony OWI, and class C felony infraction open alcohol container while
operating a motor vehicle. The probable cause affidavit specified personal property damage
in excess of $10,000. In May 2008, Swineford pled guilty to class D felony operating a
vehicle with a BAC of 0.08, and the remaining charges were dismissed. Pursuant to the plea
agreement, he was sentenced to two years, with 180 days executed and the remainder
suspended to probation. He also was ordered to pay $500 in restitution. He was released
from probation in May 2010.
In September 2013, Swineford filed a petition to reduce his class D felony conviction
to a class A misdemeanor. The trial court denied his petition following a hearing. He now
appeals.
Discussion and Decision
Swineford challenges the trial court’s denial of his petition to convert his class D
felony conviction to a class A misdemeanor. Indiana Code Section 35-50-2-7 states in
pertinent part,
(c) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the sentencing court may convert a Class D felony conviction to a Class A misdemeanor conviction if, after receiving a verified petition as described in subsection (d) and after conducting a hearing of which the prosecuting attorney has been notified, the court makes the following findings:
(1) The person is not a sex or violent offender (as defined in IC 11-8-8- 5).
(2) The person was not convicted of a Class D felony that resulted in bodily injury to another person.
3 (3) The person has not been convicted of perjury under IC 35-44.1-2-1 (or IC 35-44-2-1 before its repeal) or official misconduct under IC 35- 44.1-1-1 (or IC 35-44-1-2 before its repeal).
(4) At least three (3) years have passed since the person:
(A) completed the person’s sentence; and
(B) satisfied any other obligation imposed on the person as part of the sentence;
for the Class D felony.
(5) The person has not been convicted of a felony since the person:
(B) satisfied any other obligation imposed on the person as part of the sentence;
(6) No criminal charges are pending against the person.
(Emphasis added.)
Statutory interpretation is a question of law reserved for the courts. Alden v. State,
983 N.E.2d 186, 189 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. In determining legislative intent,
we assess the plain language of the statute and attribute the common, ordinary meanings to its
terms. Id. For instance, if the word “shall” is used, we construe it “as mandatory language
creating a statutory right to a particular outcome after certain conditions are met.” Id.
However, where the word “may” is used, it “ordinarily implies a permissive condition and a
grant of discretion.” Id. (citation omitted). In such a case, we review for an abuse of
discretion, which occurs only where the trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and
4 effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Id.
Here, the parties agree that Swineford has completed his sentence and satisfied the
requirements of his probation without incident, that three years have passed since he
completed his sentence, that he has not been convicted of a felony since then, and that he is
not otherwise disqualified based on the offenses in his criminal history. Notwithstanding, the
parties disagree on whether Indiana Code Section 35-50-2-7 requires the trial court to reduce
a defendant’s conviction from a class D felony to a class A misdemeanor if the defendant has
met every requirement on the list. The Alden court said no:
It seems clear that the General Assembly has adopted a policy wherein trial courts can reward good behavior by removing the stigma of certain Class D felony convictions …. However, the language used in the statute does not create a right to the reduction of one’s Class D felony conviction to a misdemeanor. The word “may” shows an intent by the legislature to give trial courts the discretion to grant or deny a petition, even if all of the statutory requirements have been met by the Petitioner. While it is best for trial courts to keep in mind the policy preference of rewarding good behavior with a reduction of a Class D felony conviction to a Class A misdemeanor, trial courts are free to deny a petition as long as the denial is supported by the logic and effect of the facts.
983 N.E.2d at 189 (emphases added).
In denying Swineford’s petition for reduction, the trial court focused on his
accumulation of three “drunk driving” convictions and emphasized that the second
conviction could have been entered as a class D felony but was not. Tr. at 9. The court also
acknowledged Swineford’s six-year tenure with the same company and noted that his felony
conviction had not presented a hardship or hindrance to his obtaining employment. Id.
While the court did not take into account the circumstances surrounding Swineford’s most
5 recent conviction for operating a vehicle with 0.08 or greater BAC, we note that nothing in
the statute prohibits the court from doing so. In declining to consider those circumstances,
the court simply noted that the nature of the offense was “presumably” taken into account
during sentencing. Id. In this vein, we note that Swineford’s plea agreement fixed his
sentence at “two (2) years with all but 180 days suspended to be served at the Wells County
Jail or Home Detention.” Appellant’s App. at 91.
Regardless, we find the nature of Swineford’s offense to be relevant in assessing the
extent of leniency already afforded him. While operating his vehicle in the dark at over twice
the legal BAC limit, Swineford struck a police officer’s parked vehicle so hard that it struck
the vehicle in front of it. But for the officer’s expediency in removing himself and a
handcuffed suspect from the path of Swineford’s vehicle, both he and the suspect could have
been struck. Open alcoholic beverage containers were found in Swineford’s vehicle. The
State originally charged Swineford with two class D felonies and a class C infraction; he
eventually pled guilty to one class D felony, and the remaining counts were dismissed. Not
only was his 0.20 BAC above the 0.08 limit as charged, but it was also above the 0.15 limit
listed for the elevated version of the offense. Ind. Code § 9-30-5-1(b).
In short, though we are mindful of the legislature’s policy of rewarding a defendant’s
good behavior during and after he serves his sentence, we note that Indiana Code Section 35-
50-2-7 does not give the defendant a right to have his conviction reduced from felony to
misdemeanor status. Instead, its plain language evinces the legislature’s intent to afford the
trial court discretion in making such a determination. Here, Swineford received leniency
6 when his second OWI conviction was entered as a misdemeanor, and in the instant cause, he
received leniency in both the charge and the plea agreement. His subsequent good behavior
does not automatically entitle him to misdemeanor treatment, especially given his history of
three OWI-related offenses within so short a period. He failed to respond positively to
previous extensions of leniency, and his offense likely would have had catastrophic
consequences but for the officer’s quick response. Based on the foregoing, we find no abuse
of discretion in the trial court’s denial of his petition to reduce his class D felony conviction
to a class A misdemeanor. Accordingly, we affirm.
Affirmed.
BAKER, J., and BARNES, J., concur.