F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 10 1997 TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
JAMES FRANKLIN BROWN; GARY BETZLE; MIKE CROSS; RICHARD MCDONNELL; BRUCE CAMPBELL; ARTHUR M. ARMSTRONG, No. 96-8114 (D.C. No. 95-CV-048-J) Plaintiffs - Appellants, (D. Wyo.)
MICHAEL EVANS,
Plaintiff,
vs.
JUDY UPHOFF, individually and in her official capacity as Director, Wyoming Department of Corrections; DUANE SHILLINGER, individually and in his official capacity as Warden, Wyoming Department of Corrections; STAN JAMES, individually and in his official capacity as Security Manager, Wyoming Department of Corrections, RONALD G. RUETTGERS, individually and in his official capacity as Maximum Security Unit Manager, Wyoming Department of Corrections,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under Before BRORBY, EBEL, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.**
Plaintiffs, inmates at the Wyoming State Penitentiary, appeal pro se from the
dismissal with prejudice of their pro se civil rights complaint against Department of
Corrections officials under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court, adopting the
magistrate’s report and recommendation, found the complaint frivolous pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1915(d)1 because it contained only factually unsupported conclusory allegations,
and dismissed it with prejudice. The court also denied Plaintiffs’ motion to amend their
complaint. We affirm.
I. Section 1915 Dismissal
Section 1915(e)(2)(B) provides that the district court “shall dismiss” an in forma
pauperis complaint if it is “(i) frivolous or malicious; (ii) fails to state a claim on which
relief may be granted; or (iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune
from such relief.” We review a § 1915 dismissal for frivolousness under an abuse of
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. ** After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Now recodified at 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), as amended by the Prison Litigation 1
Reform Act of 1996.
-2- discretion standard. Green v. Seymour, 59 F.3d 1073, 1077 (10th Cir. 1995). A dismissal
for failure to state a claim is subject to de novo review. Kidd v. Taos Ski Valley, Inc., 88
F.3d 848, 854 (10th Cir. 1996). We liberally construe pro se litigants’ pleadings, but this
does not relieve Plaintiffs of the burden of alleging sufficient facts on which recognized
claims could be based. Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991).
In their § 1983 complaint, Plaintiffs allege violations of the First, Fourth, Fifth,
Sixth, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, asserting claims for (1) denial of access to the
courts, (2) mass punishment, (3) deliberate indifference to medical needs, (4) deliberate
indifference to the safety of inmates, (5) denial of due process and equal protection, (6)
illegal confiscation or destruction of personal property, (7) intentional punishment for
seeking medical treatment, (8) unsanitary conditions in food service areas, and (9)
retaliation against inmates for exercising their right to redress. Even accepting the well
pleaded factual allegations as true, and viewing them in the light most favorable to
Plaintiffs, we find nothing which rises to the level of a constitutional violation.
Most of the allegations have to do with the implementation of a more restrictive
policy following an inmate murder which occurred in March of 1994. The basic
responsibility for the control and management of penal institutions, including the
discipline, treatment and care of prisoners, lies “‘within the province and professional
expertise of corrections officials’ to whose judgment courts should defer.” Smith v. Iron
County, 692 F.2d 685, 688 (10th Cir. 1982) (quoting Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 540
-3- n.23 (1979) (internal quotations omitted)). The record indicates that none of the
restrictions imposed in response to the March 1994 murder were the result of “clear abuse
or caprice upon the part of prison officials.” Randle v. Romero, 610 F.2d 702, 703 (10th
Cir. 1979) (quoting Bethea v. Crouse, 417 F.2d 504, 506 (10th Cir. 1969)).
We are of course cognizant that one does not lose all his constitutional rights when
he enters a prison, Bethea, 417 F.2d at 506, and when an inmate states a bona fide claim
based upon the deprivation of a right, privilege or immunity guaranteed by the
constitution, we will not defer to prison officials. Id.; Smith, 692 F.2d at 688. Several of
Plaintiffs’ claims allege violations of the Eighth Amendment, including the claim that
they have been denied medical treatment. See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104
(1976). An Eighth Amendment claim has two components: an objective component
requiring that the deprivation be sufficiently serious, and a subjective component
requiring that the officials acted with deliberate indifference. Handy v. Price, 996 F.2d
1064, 1066-67 (10th Cir. 1993) (citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104, 106; Wilson v. Seiter,
501 U.S. 294, 299-304 (1991)). Plaintiffs’ complaint, apparently attempting to satisfy
this requirement, simply alleges “[d]eliberate indifference to our serious and painful
medical, dental, and mental health needs.” In order to state a bona fide claim, however,
even pro se plaintiffs must support their conclusory allegations with sufficient facts.
“This is so because a pro se plaintiff requires no special legal training to recount the facts
surrounding his alleged injury, and he must provide such facts if the court is to determine
-4- whether he makes out a claim on which relief can be granted.” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110.
This Plaintiffs have failed to do. In analyzing the sufficiency of Plaintiffs’ complaint, we
need accept as true only Plaintiffs’ well pleaded factual contentions, not their conclusory
allegations. Id.; Dunn v. White, 880 F.2d 1188, 1190 (10th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493
U.S. 1059 (1990).
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F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 10 1997 TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
JAMES FRANKLIN BROWN; GARY BETZLE; MIKE CROSS; RICHARD MCDONNELL; BRUCE CAMPBELL; ARTHUR M. ARMSTRONG, No. 96-8114 (D.C. No. 95-CV-048-J) Plaintiffs - Appellants, (D. Wyo.)
MICHAEL EVANS,
Plaintiff,
vs.
JUDY UPHOFF, individually and in her official capacity as Director, Wyoming Department of Corrections; DUANE SHILLINGER, individually and in his official capacity as Warden, Wyoming Department of Corrections; STAN JAMES, individually and in his official capacity as Security Manager, Wyoming Department of Corrections, RONALD G. RUETTGERS, individually and in his official capacity as Maximum Security Unit Manager, Wyoming Department of Corrections,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under Before BRORBY, EBEL, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.**
Plaintiffs, inmates at the Wyoming State Penitentiary, appeal pro se from the
dismissal with prejudice of their pro se civil rights complaint against Department of
Corrections officials under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court, adopting the
magistrate’s report and recommendation, found the complaint frivolous pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1915(d)1 because it contained only factually unsupported conclusory allegations,
and dismissed it with prejudice. The court also denied Plaintiffs’ motion to amend their
complaint. We affirm.
I. Section 1915 Dismissal
Section 1915(e)(2)(B) provides that the district court “shall dismiss” an in forma
pauperis complaint if it is “(i) frivolous or malicious; (ii) fails to state a claim on which
relief may be granted; or (iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune
from such relief.” We review a § 1915 dismissal for frivolousness under an abuse of
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. ** After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Now recodified at 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), as amended by the Prison Litigation 1
Reform Act of 1996.
-2- discretion standard. Green v. Seymour, 59 F.3d 1073, 1077 (10th Cir. 1995). A dismissal
for failure to state a claim is subject to de novo review. Kidd v. Taos Ski Valley, Inc., 88
F.3d 848, 854 (10th Cir. 1996). We liberally construe pro se litigants’ pleadings, but this
does not relieve Plaintiffs of the burden of alleging sufficient facts on which recognized
claims could be based. Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991).
In their § 1983 complaint, Plaintiffs allege violations of the First, Fourth, Fifth,
Sixth, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, asserting claims for (1) denial of access to the
courts, (2) mass punishment, (3) deliberate indifference to medical needs, (4) deliberate
indifference to the safety of inmates, (5) denial of due process and equal protection, (6)
illegal confiscation or destruction of personal property, (7) intentional punishment for
seeking medical treatment, (8) unsanitary conditions in food service areas, and (9)
retaliation against inmates for exercising their right to redress. Even accepting the well
pleaded factual allegations as true, and viewing them in the light most favorable to
Plaintiffs, we find nothing which rises to the level of a constitutional violation.
Most of the allegations have to do with the implementation of a more restrictive
policy following an inmate murder which occurred in March of 1994. The basic
responsibility for the control and management of penal institutions, including the
discipline, treatment and care of prisoners, lies “‘within the province and professional
expertise of corrections officials’ to whose judgment courts should defer.” Smith v. Iron
County, 692 F.2d 685, 688 (10th Cir. 1982) (quoting Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 540
-3- n.23 (1979) (internal quotations omitted)). The record indicates that none of the
restrictions imposed in response to the March 1994 murder were the result of “clear abuse
or caprice upon the part of prison officials.” Randle v. Romero, 610 F.2d 702, 703 (10th
Cir. 1979) (quoting Bethea v. Crouse, 417 F.2d 504, 506 (10th Cir. 1969)).
We are of course cognizant that one does not lose all his constitutional rights when
he enters a prison, Bethea, 417 F.2d at 506, and when an inmate states a bona fide claim
based upon the deprivation of a right, privilege or immunity guaranteed by the
constitution, we will not defer to prison officials. Id.; Smith, 692 F.2d at 688. Several of
Plaintiffs’ claims allege violations of the Eighth Amendment, including the claim that
they have been denied medical treatment. See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104
(1976). An Eighth Amendment claim has two components: an objective component
requiring that the deprivation be sufficiently serious, and a subjective component
requiring that the officials acted with deliberate indifference. Handy v. Price, 996 F.2d
1064, 1066-67 (10th Cir. 1993) (citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104, 106; Wilson v. Seiter,
501 U.S. 294, 299-304 (1991)). Plaintiffs’ complaint, apparently attempting to satisfy
this requirement, simply alleges “[d]eliberate indifference to our serious and painful
medical, dental, and mental health needs.” In order to state a bona fide claim, however,
even pro se plaintiffs must support their conclusory allegations with sufficient facts.
“This is so because a pro se plaintiff requires no special legal training to recount the facts
surrounding his alleged injury, and he must provide such facts if the court is to determine
-4- whether he makes out a claim on which relief can be granted.” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110.
This Plaintiffs have failed to do. In analyzing the sufficiency of Plaintiffs’ complaint, we
need accept as true only Plaintiffs’ well pleaded factual contentions, not their conclusory
allegations. Id.; Dunn v. White, 880 F.2d 1188, 1190 (10th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493
U.S. 1059 (1990). Plaintiffs’ complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be
granted, and was properly dismissed under § 1915.
II. Denial of Motion to Amend
We review the denial of Plaintiffs’ motion to amend their complaint for abuse of
discretion. Ketchum v. Cruz, 961 F.2d. 916, 920 (10th Cir. 1992). While Fed. R. Civ. P.
15(a) requires that leave to amend be freely given, the district court is clearly justified in
denying the motion to amend if the proposed amendment could not have withstood a
motion to dismiss or otherwise failed to state a claim. Id.; see Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S.
178, 182 (1962); Mountain View Pharmacy v. Abbot Lab., 630 F.2d 1383, 1389 (10th
Cir. 1980).
The district court denied Plaintiffs’ motion to amend because it raised issues and
asserted claims unrelated to the original complaint. Plaintiffs’ amendment was filed ten
months after the original complaint, and more than seven months after the magistrate
issued his report and recommendation. It states new claims of property deprivation
without due process, arising out of incidents which occurred only a few weeks prior to the
-5- filing of the amendment, but nine months after the complaint was filed. Thus, this is not
like the amendment approved in Gillihan v. Shillinger, 872 F.2d 935, 941 (10th Cir.
1989) (amendment should have been granted which was made seven days after complaint
and which concerned subsequently occurring facts relating to original claim). In addition,
the amendment seeks to add a new defendant without specifying facts which link him to
any injury alleged in the original complaint. See Ketchum, 961 F.2d at 920-21. The
district court did not address the merits of these new claims, and we express no opinion as
to whether they state separate causes of action.
To the extent that the amendment does refer to existing claims, it adds no
additional specificity which would cure the defects in the original complaint. See Denton
v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 34 (1992). Thus, even if we were to bifurcate the amendment
and consider any and all references to the original claims, Plaintiffs’ complaint, as
amended, still fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. The district court
did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to amend. Ketchum, 961 F.2d at 920;
Mountain View Pharmacy, 630 F.2d at 1389.
AFFIRMED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr. Circuit Judge
-6-