PAIR, Associate Judge:
After trial without a jury on an information charging second degree burglary
and petit larceny,
appellant was found guilty. Urging reversal, he contends that the judgments of conviction were based principally upon his inculpatory statements received into evidence without regard to the teaching and mandate of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).
The facts as disclosed by the testimony are substantially as follows.
On October 13, 1970, Officers Bradley and Wade of the Metropolitan Police Department were informed that four men had been observed carrying a stereo (also referred to as a “hi-fi”), and then concealing it in a wooded area near Polk and Olive Streets,
N.
E. Upon investigation
at the
area, the officers observed two youths “acting suspiciously.” One of the youths, Donald James Stokes, was recognized by the officers as a known housebreaker. The other youth was later identified as William Raye Warren.
The officers interrogated the youths about the stereo and were informed that it had been stolen by appellant from an apartment at 1624 Eastern Avenue, N. E. At the request of the officers, the youths accompanied them as they cruised about the area and when appellant was seen he was identified, placed under arrest and charged as set forth in the information.
At the trial, Officer Bradley testified that when appellant was placed under arrest he was given the proper warnings. The following transpired:
THE COURT: Ask the officer what he asked him? Do you have the statement you say you gave to counsel ?
MR. BANOUN: Yes. PD 163 which I gave to counsel.
MR. FARQUHAR: It is a statement more in the nature of an admission. We would ask for a hearing on that.
MR. BANOUN: A statement or admission, it is the same thing. It is a Miranda issue. If there were a jury we would have a hearing outside of the presence of the jury.
THE COURT: Proceed with your question about the warning.
Officer Bradley was asked what warnings were given and he replied that he read the warnings from a card — PD 47.
The officer was then asked:
THE COURT: After you read to him the statement did you ask him whether he understood those rights ?
MR. FARQUHAR: Objection, Your Honor, he has read it. Furthermore I did request a Miranda hearing before the trial. I want the record to reflect that.
MR. BANOUN: What difference does it make? This is a non-jury trial. If we had a Miranda hearing before the trial the Government could appeal the decision.
* * * * * *
THE COURT: The court does recall your request for a hearing with respect to Miranda statements. To save time proceed with the testimony.
The officer testified further, and over objection, that after the warnings were read, appellant was asked whether he understood his rights, that he replied in the affirmative and, at the precinct station, admitted that he commiitted the burglary at 1624 Eastern Avenue, N. E., while in the company of the two youths who informed to the police.
At the conclusion of the Government’s case, appellant moved for a judgment of acquittal which was denied. Then followed testimony by appellant, during which he admitted that warnings had been read to him by the police from a card.
Appel
lant then denied that he made any statement to the police and denied also that he had broken into the apartment and stolen the stereo.
At the close of all the evidence, appellant was found guilty as charged.
The threshold question is whether, under the circumstances of this case, appellant should have been given a hearing as to (1) whether he had been adequately warned of his rights as required by
Miranda
and (2) whether, prior to making any such admission, he made an affirmative and intelligent waiver
of his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination.
In United States v. Frazier, U.S.App.D.C. (No. 23,528, decided February 24, 1971), the court quoted from its prior decision in Frazier v. United States, 136 U.S.App.D.C. 180, 419 F.2d 1161 (1969), where it was said with respect to the
Miranda
doctrine at 1166:
[An] accused is entitled to the assistance of counsel before he is questioned and, in effect, that any confession he makes while in exclusive police custody prior to arraignment, is presumptively inadmissible under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. Such confessions can stand if, but only if, the accused affirmatively and understanding^ waives his rights, and the Government bears “a heavy burden” in attempting to show such a waiver.
In the case now under consideration, the trial judge, as the trier of the facts, heard the Government’s evidence respecting both the warnings and the inculpatory statements.
Although appellant questioned the admissibility of the inculpatory statements insisting that he was entitled to a hearing the trial judge, without first affording him an opportunity to state his version of the facts and circumstances surrounding the arrest, received the statement into evidence. Moreover, the trial court made no ruling on its admissibility under the
Miranda
criteria.
Any timely challenge to the admission of an inculpatory statement on
Miranda
grounds requires an evidentiary hearing and ruling.
[U]nless and
until
such warnings and waiver are demonstrated by the prosecution * * * no evidence obtained as a result of interrogation can be used against him. [Emphasis added, footnote omitted.]
While there is some question as to whether the admissibility of the inculpatory statements was adequately challenged below, the record discloses that the trial court at one point acknowledged that an earlier request for a
Miranda
hearing had been made.
Any uncertainty must, of course, be resolved in favor of the appellant. As the court said in Frazier v. United States, sucres, where an
attempt
was made to raise the issue, “[w]e do not demand more of [appellant] as a condition to litigation of issues fundamental in the criminal process.”
[136 U.S.App.D.C. at 188, 419 F.2d at 1169.]
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
PAIR, Associate Judge:
After trial without a jury on an information charging second degree burglary
and petit larceny,
appellant was found guilty. Urging reversal, he contends that the judgments of conviction were based principally upon his inculpatory statements received into evidence without regard to the teaching and mandate of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).
The facts as disclosed by the testimony are substantially as follows.
On October 13, 1970, Officers Bradley and Wade of the Metropolitan Police Department were informed that four men had been observed carrying a stereo (also referred to as a “hi-fi”), and then concealing it in a wooded area near Polk and Olive Streets,
N.
E. Upon investigation
at the
area, the officers observed two youths “acting suspiciously.” One of the youths, Donald James Stokes, was recognized by the officers as a known housebreaker. The other youth was later identified as William Raye Warren.
The officers interrogated the youths about the stereo and were informed that it had been stolen by appellant from an apartment at 1624 Eastern Avenue, N. E. At the request of the officers, the youths accompanied them as they cruised about the area and when appellant was seen he was identified, placed under arrest and charged as set forth in the information.
At the trial, Officer Bradley testified that when appellant was placed under arrest he was given the proper warnings. The following transpired:
THE COURT: Ask the officer what he asked him? Do you have the statement you say you gave to counsel ?
MR. BANOUN: Yes. PD 163 which I gave to counsel.
MR. FARQUHAR: It is a statement more in the nature of an admission. We would ask for a hearing on that.
MR. BANOUN: A statement or admission, it is the same thing. It is a Miranda issue. If there were a jury we would have a hearing outside of the presence of the jury.
THE COURT: Proceed with your question about the warning.
Officer Bradley was asked what warnings were given and he replied that he read the warnings from a card — PD 47.
The officer was then asked:
THE COURT: After you read to him the statement did you ask him whether he understood those rights ?
MR. FARQUHAR: Objection, Your Honor, he has read it. Furthermore I did request a Miranda hearing before the trial. I want the record to reflect that.
MR. BANOUN: What difference does it make? This is a non-jury trial. If we had a Miranda hearing before the trial the Government could appeal the decision.
* * * * * *
THE COURT: The court does recall your request for a hearing with respect to Miranda statements. To save time proceed with the testimony.
The officer testified further, and over objection, that after the warnings were read, appellant was asked whether he understood his rights, that he replied in the affirmative and, at the precinct station, admitted that he commiitted the burglary at 1624 Eastern Avenue, N. E., while in the company of the two youths who informed to the police.
At the conclusion of the Government’s case, appellant moved for a judgment of acquittal which was denied. Then followed testimony by appellant, during which he admitted that warnings had been read to him by the police from a card.
Appel
lant then denied that he made any statement to the police and denied also that he had broken into the apartment and stolen the stereo.
At the close of all the evidence, appellant was found guilty as charged.
The threshold question is whether, under the circumstances of this case, appellant should have been given a hearing as to (1) whether he had been adequately warned of his rights as required by
Miranda
and (2) whether, prior to making any such admission, he made an affirmative and intelligent waiver
of his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination.
In United States v. Frazier, U.S.App.D.C. (No. 23,528, decided February 24, 1971), the court quoted from its prior decision in Frazier v. United States, 136 U.S.App.D.C. 180, 419 F.2d 1161 (1969), where it was said with respect to the
Miranda
doctrine at 1166:
[An] accused is entitled to the assistance of counsel before he is questioned and, in effect, that any confession he makes while in exclusive police custody prior to arraignment, is presumptively inadmissible under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. Such confessions can stand if, but only if, the accused affirmatively and understanding^ waives his rights, and the Government bears “a heavy burden” in attempting to show such a waiver.
In the case now under consideration, the trial judge, as the trier of the facts, heard the Government’s evidence respecting both the warnings and the inculpatory statements.
Although appellant questioned the admissibility of the inculpatory statements insisting that he was entitled to a hearing the trial judge, without first affording him an opportunity to state his version of the facts and circumstances surrounding the arrest, received the statement into evidence. Moreover, the trial court made no ruling on its admissibility under the
Miranda
criteria.
Any timely challenge to the admission of an inculpatory statement on
Miranda
grounds requires an evidentiary hearing and ruling.
[U]nless and
until
such warnings and waiver are demonstrated by the prosecution * * * no evidence obtained as a result of interrogation can be used against him. [Emphasis added, footnote omitted.]
While there is some question as to whether the admissibility of the inculpatory statements was adequately challenged below, the record discloses that the trial court at one point acknowledged that an earlier request for a
Miranda
hearing had been made.
Any uncertainty must, of course, be resolved in favor of the appellant. As the court said in Frazier v. United States, sucres, where an
attempt
was made to raise the issue, “[w]e do not demand more of [appellant] as a condition to litigation of issues fundamental in the criminal process.”
[136 U.S.App.D.C. at 188, 419 F.2d at 1169.]
On this record, we are therefore unable to make a judgment as to the admissibility of the inculpatory statement or as to its effect on the final disposition of the case. Because of the substantial unresolved issue of admissibility, we make the disposition ordered by the court in Coleman v. United States, 130 U.S.App.D.C. 60, 397 F.2d 621 (1966), where, in a case also tried without a jury, a similar defect in the record was held to require a new trial.
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.