Brown v. Saul

• Court: District Court, E.D. Washington
• Decided: July 6, 2020
• Docket: 1:19-cv-03121
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 U.S. F DIL ISE TD R I IN C TT H CE O URT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 3 Jul 06, 2020 4 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON

9 JOHNNY B., No. 1:19-CV-03121-JTR

10 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IN PART 11 PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 12 v. SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND REMANDING FOR ADDITIONAL 13 ANDREW M. SAUL, PROCEEDINGS 14 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY1, 15

16 Defendant.

17 BEFORE THE COURT are cross-motions for summary judgment. ECF 18 No. 13, 16. Attorney D. James Tree represents Johnny B. (Plaintiff); Special 19 Assistant United States Attorney Lisa Goldoftas represents the Commissioner of 20 Social Security (Defendant). The parties have consented to proceed before a 21 magistrate judge. ECF No. 6. After reviewing the administrative record and the 22 briefs filed by the parties, the Court GRANTS IN PART Plaintiff’s Motion for 23 Summary Judgment; DENIES Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment; and 24

25 1 Andrew M. Saul is now the Commissioner of the Social Security 26 Administration. Accordingly, the Court substitutes Andrew M. Saul as the 27 Defendant and directs the Clerk to update the docket sheet. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 28 25(d). 1 REMANDS the matter to the Commissioner for additional proceedings pursuant to 2 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). 3 JURISDICTION 4 Plaintiff filed an application for Supplemental Security Income on January 5 19, 2016, alleging disability since January 1, 2015,2 due to muscular skeletal 6 disease, COPD, chronic low back pain, hiatal hernia, bilateral hand pain, leg and 7 foot pain, depression, and anxiety. Tr. 76-77. The application was denied initially 8 and upon reconsideration. Tr. 107-15, 119-24. Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) 9 Stephanie Martz held a hearing on January 31, 2018, Tr. 36-74, and issued an 10 unfavorable decision on June 13, 2018, Tr. 15-27. Plaintiff requested review of the 11 ALJ’s decision from the Appeals Council. Tr. 180. The Appeals Council denied 12 the request for review on April 6, 2019. Tr. 1-5. The ALJ’s June 2018 decision is 13 the final decision of the Commissioner, which is appealable to the district court 14 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Plaintiff filed this action for judicial review on 15 May 29, 2019. ECF No. 1. 16 STATEMENT OF FACTS 17 Plaintiff was born in 1972 and was 43 years old as of the filing of his 18 application. Tr. 26. He did not complete high school and has a work history 19 primarily in landscape work and tree cutting. Tr. 41-43, 361. He indicated that he 20 stopped working in 2015 due to physical problems. Tr. 361. He has alleged 21 widespread pain throughout his body, along with a hernia and COPD, all rendering 22 him physically incapable of working. Tr. 44, 241-42. He further indicated that he 23 developed depression due to his chronic pain and inability to work. Tr. 246, 404. 24 /// 25 /// 26

27 2 Plaintiff later amended his alleged onset date to the date of filing of his 28 application. Tr. 39. 1 STANDARD OF REVIEW 2 The ALJ is responsible for determining credibility, resolving conflicts in 3 medical testimony, and resolving ambiguities. Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 4 1039 (9th Cir. 1995). The ALJ’s determinations of law are reviewed de novo, with 5 deference to a reasonable interpretation of the applicable statutes. McNatt v. Apfel, 6 201 F.3d 1084, 1087 (9th Cir. 2000). The decision of the ALJ may be reversed 7 only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or if it is based on legal error. 8 Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1097 (9th Cir. 1999). Substantial evidence is 9 defined as being more than a mere scintilla, but less than a preponderance. Id. at 10 1098. Put another way, substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a 11 reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Richardson v. 12 Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971). If the evidence is susceptible to more than one 13 rational interpretation, the Court may not substitute its judgment for that of the 14 ALJ. Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1097; Morgan v. Commissioner of Social Sec. Admin., 15 169 F.3d 595, 599 (9th Cir. 1999). If substantial evidence supports the 16 administrative findings, or if conflicting evidence supports a finding of either 17 disability or non-disability, the ALJ’s determination is conclusive. Sprague v. 18 Bowen, 812 F.2d 1226, 1229-1230 (9th Cir. 1987). Nevertheless, a decision 19 supported by substantial evidence will be set aside if the proper legal standards 20 were not applied in weighing the evidence and making the decision. Brawner v. 21 Secretary of Health and Human Services, 839 F.2d 432, 433 (9th Cir. 1988). 22 SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 23 The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential evaluation process 24 for determining whether a person is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a); Bowen v. 25 Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140-142 (1987). In steps one through four, the burden of 26 proof rests upon the claimant to establish a prima facie case of entitlement to 27 disability benefits. Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1098-1099. This burden is met once a 28 claimant establishes that a physical or mental impairment prevents the claimant 1 from engaging in past relevant work. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4). If a claimant 2 cannot perform past relevant work, the ALJ proceeds to step five, and the burden 3 shifts to the Commissioner to show (1) the claimant can make an adjustment to 4 other work; and (2) the claimant can perform specific jobs that exist in the national 5 economy. Batson v. Commissioner of Social Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1193- 6 1194 (2004). If a claimant cannot make an adjustment to other work in the national 7 economy, the claimant will be found disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(v). 8 ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION 9 On June 13, 2018, the ALJ issued a decision finding Plaintiff was not 10 disabled as defined in the Social Security Act. Tr. 15-27. 11 At step one, the ALJ found Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful 12 activity since the application date. Tr. 17. 13 At step two, the ALJ determined Plaintiff had the following severe 14 impairments: anxiety disorder, cannabis use disorder, and hernia. Id. 15 At step three, the ALJ found Plaintiff did not have an impairment or 16 combination of impairments that met or medically equaled the severity of one of 17 the listed impairments. Tr. 19-21. 18 The ALJ assessed Plaintiff’s Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) and found 19 he could perform a range of light work, with the following limitations:

20 The claimant can frequently climb ramps and stairs and occasionally 21 climb ladders, ropes, and scaffolds. The claimant can frequently 22 balance and stoop and occasionally kneel, crouch, and crawl. The claimant has the ability to understand, remember, and carry out simple 23 and routine tasks and can have occasional interaction with co-workers, 24 supervisors, and the public.

25 Tr. 21. 26 At step four, the ALJ found Plaintiff was unable to perform his past relevant 27 work as a tree cutter and landscape laborer. Tr. 26. 28 1 At step five, the ALJ found that, considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work 2 experience and residual functional capacity, there were jobs that existed in 3 significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff could perform, 4 specifically identifying the representative occupations of housekeeping cleaner, 5 order caller, and small products assembler. Tr. 26-27. 6 The ALJ thus concluded Plaintiff was not under a disability within the 7 meaning of the Social Security Act at any time from the date the application was 8 filed through the date of the decision. Tr. 27. 9 ISSUES 10 The question presented is whether substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s 11 decision denying benefits and, if so, whether that decision is based on proper legal 12 standards. 13 Plaintiff contends the Commissioner erred by (1) making incorrect step two 14 findings; (2) improperly discounting Plaintiff’s symptom testimony; and (3) 15 improperly weighing the medical opinion evidence. 16 DISCUSSION 17 1. Plaintiff’s subjective statements 18 Plaintiff contends the ALJ erred by improperly rejecting his subjective 19 complaints. ECF No. 13 at 9-14. 20 It is the province of the ALJ to make credibility determinations. Andrews v. 21 Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 1995). However, the ALJ’s findings must be 22 supported by specific, cogent reasons. Rashad v. Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1229, 1231 23 (9th Cir. 1990). Once the claimant produces medical evidence of an underlying 24 medical impairment, the ALJ may not discredit testimony as to the severity of an 25 impairment merely because it is unsupported by medical evidence. Reddick v. 26 Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998). Absent affirmative evidence of 27 malingering, the ALJ’s reasons for rejecting the claimant’s testimony must be 28 “specific, clear and convincing.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1281 (9th Cir. 1 1996); Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1996).3 “General findings are 2 insufficient: rather the ALJ must identify what testimony is not credible and what 3 evidence undermines the claimant’s complaints.” Lester, 81 F.3d at 834; Dodrill v. 4 Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir. 1993). 5 The ALJ concluded Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could 6 reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms; however, Plaintiff’s 7 statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of those 8 symptoms were not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other 9 evidence in the record. Tr. 25. Specifically, the ALJ found Plaintiff’s daily 10 activities were not limited to the extent expected given the complaints of disability 11 symptoms and limitations. Tr. 21-22. The ALJ further found the objective findings 12 in the case were not consistent with Plaintiff’s allegations. Tr. 22-24. 13 /// 14 /// 15

16 3 Defendant objects to the clear and convincing standard, arguing it is 17 inconsistent with the deferential substantial evidence standard, as well as agency 18 regulations and rulings. ECF No. 16 at 7 n.1. In his Reply Brief, Plaintiff asserts 19 Defendant’s position necessitates remand on its face, as it indicates incorrect 20 Agency policy, thus showing the ALJ applied the wrong legal standard in 21 adjudicating Plaintiff’s claim. ECF No. 17 at 7. 22 The clear and convincing standard remains binding law in the Ninth Circuit, 23 and the government’s invitations to apply a lesser standard have been routinely 24 rejected by the Circuit Court. See e.g., Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1015 25 n.18. As the Court finds the ALJ did not offer clear and convincing reasons for the 26 assessment of Plaintiff’s allegations, the Court finds it unnecessary to rule on 27 Plaintiff’s response to Defendant’s argument. 28 1 a. Activities 2 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s allegations of difficulty with most physical 3 actions to be inconsistent with his admitted ability to attend to personal care and 4 minor household chores, shop, handle money, watch television, and spend time 5 with others. Tr. 21-22. 6 Plaintiff argues none of these activities demonstrate any inconsistency with 7 his alleged limitations, and asserts that the ALJ did not indicate what kind of 8 activities would be expected. ECF No. 13 at 10-12. Defendant argues the ALJ 9 reasonably considered contradictions between Plaintiff’s claims and his ongoing 10 activities, and that the ALJ’s interpretation of the evidence was entitled to 11 deference. ECF No. 16 at 8-10.4 12 A claimant’s daily activities may support an adverse credibility finding if the 13 claimant’s activities contradict his other testimony. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 14

15 4 Defendant also points to the ALJ’s inference that the evidence suggested 16 Plaintiff continued working. ECF No. 16 at 10-11. The Court notes this discussion 17 from the ALJ did not occur in the context of the assessment of Plaintiff’s 18 subjective complaints. Tr. 19, 25. Furthermore, the citations offered by the ALJ do 19 not indicate attempted or ongoing work activity, but rather only two incidents of 20 Plaintiff using a chainsaw, and subsequently requiring medical attention. Tr. 395- 21 98, 445, 448 (April 2017) and Tr. 480 (December 2016). The citation to Tr. 361 22 references Plaintiff’s past work experience and does not discuss any current work 23 activity. Plaintiff testified twice he had not worked at all since filing his application 24 and the ALJ did not question him further on that matter. Tr. Tr. 43, 53. The Court 25 finds the minimal evidence of Plaintiff using a chainsaw does not indicate ongoing 26 work activity. Therefore, even if the Court interprets the ALJ’s discussion of work 27 activity as pertaining to the assessment of Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, there is 28 not substantial evidence supporting a finding of ongoing work activity. 1 639 (9th Cir. 2007). However, the Court finds the ALJ failed to identify any 2 activities that are actually inconsistent with Plaintiff’s allegations. As noted in the 3 decision, Plaintiff testified to difficulty with most physical activity, but stated he 4 could lift up to twenty pounds for a few minutes, and could sit or stand for 20-30 5 minutes and walk a block and a half before needing to rest. Tr. 21. The ALJ only 6 mentioned basic self-care and household chores, none of which are inconsistent 7 with Plaintiff’s claimed limitations. 8 Furthermore, the Ninth Circuit has repeatedly found that the ability to 9 perform these basic kinds of activities is not inconsistent with the inability to work:

10 We have repeatedly warned that ALJs must be especially cautious in 11 concluding that daily activities are inconsistent with testimony about pain, 12 because impairments that would unquestionably preclude work and all the pressures of a workplace environment will often be consistent with doing 13 more than merely resting in bed all day. 14 15 Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1016 (9th Cir. 2014) citing Smolen v. Chater, 80 16 F.3d 1273, 1287 n.7 (9th Cir. 1996) (“The Social Security Act does not require that 17 claimants be utterly incapacitated to be eligible for benefits, and many home 18 activities may not be easily transferable to a work environment where it might be 19 impossible to rest periodically or take medication.”). 20 Because the ALJ failed to identify any inconsistency between Plaintiff’s 21 alleged limitations and his demonstrated activities, this was not a clear and 22 convincing basis for rejecting his claims. 23 b. Objective evidence 24 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s allegations were inconsistent with the objective 25 findings in the record. Tr. 22-24. 26 An ALJ may not discredit testimony as to the severity of an impairment 27 merely because it is unsupported by medical evidence. Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 28 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998). Because the ALJ offered no other clear and convincing 1 reasons for discounting Plaintiff’s subjective statements, this reason alone is 2 insufficient. See also Social Security Ruling (SSR) 16-3p (“[W]e will not disregard 3 an individual’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of 4 symptoms solely because the objective medical evidence does not substantiate the 5 degree of impairment-related symptoms alleged by the individual. A report of 6 minimal or negative findings or inconsistencies in the objective medical evidence 7 is one of the many factors we must consider in evaluating the intensity, persistence, 8 and limiting effects of an individual’s symptoms.”). 9 Defendant argues that the ALJ appropriately discounted Plaintiff’s symptom 10 allegations based on his lack of treatment. ECF No. 16 at 12-14. While the ALJ 11 mentioned Plaintiff’s lack of mental health treatment and the fact that he had not 12 been seen by a neurologist, Tr. 22-23, the ALJ did not specifically link these 13 factors to her rejection of Plaintiff’s alleged limitations. Furthermore, SSR 16-3p 14 notes that before discounting a claimant’s allegations based on a lack of treatment, 15 an ALJ must consider possible reasons the claimant may not have sought treatment 16 consistent with the degree of the complaints. There is no indication that the ALJ 17 considered any possible explanation for Plaintiff’s level of treatment. 18 The Court therefore finds the ALJ failed to offer clear and convincing 19 reasons for disregarding Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. On remand the ALJ shall 20 reconsider Plaintiff’s allegations and symptom reports. 21 2. Step two findings 22 Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in failing to find a number of impairments to 23 be severe or medically determinable at step two. ECF No. 13 at 3-9. 24 At step two of the sequential evaluation process, the ALJ must determine 25 whether the claimant has any medically determinable severe impairments. 20 26 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(ii). The impairment “must result from anatomical, 27 physiological, or psychological abnormalities that can be shown by medically 28 acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.921. An 1 impairment is “not severe” if it does not “significantly limit” the ability to conduct 2 “basic work activities.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.922(a). Basic work activities are “abilities 3 and aptitudes necessary to do most jobs.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.922(b). “An impairment 4 or combination of impairments can be found not severe only if the evidence 5 establishes a slight abnormality that has no more than a minimal effect on an 6 individual’s ability to work.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1290 (9th Cir. 1996) 7 (internal quotation marks omitted). The claimant bears the burden of demonstrating 8 that an impairment is medically determinable and severe. Valentine v. Comm’r 9 Soc. Sec. Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 689 (9th Cir. 2009). 10 The ALJ found Plaintiff’s hiatal hernia, depression, and marijuana abuse to 11 be severe impairments. Tr. 17. She found the remainder of Plaintiff’s alleged 12 impairments to be non-severe or non-medically determinable, including COPD, 13 and various complaints of widespread pain in his back, hands, legs, and feet, 14 referred to by Plaintiff as “musculoskeletal disease.” Tr. 17-19. 15 Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in finding he had no medically determinable 16 impairment associated with his various pain complaints. ECF No. 13 at 3-9. He 17 asserts the ALJ applied a heightened standard by requiring imaging to establish a 18 condition, and in so doing ignored other objective signs and diagnostic techniques 19 that established Plaintiff’s conditions as medically determinable. Id. Defendant 20 argues the ALJ reasonably found the evidence to be insufficient to establish any 21 severe impairments, as the record contained numerous inconsistencies and no 22 ongoing treatment to establish conditions that met the durational requirement. ECF 23 No. 16 at 3-6. Defendant further argues that any error on the part of the ALJ is 24 harmless due to the five-step analysis continuing past step two. Id. at 7. 25 The Court finds the ALJ did not err in finding Plaintiff’s treatment for 26 various pain complaints did not establish a medically determinable severe 27 impairment. While Plaintiff received emergency room treatment for acute 28 exacerbations of pain in his back and extremities, the record does not reflect any 1 objective basis for finding an impairment that persisted and severely limited 2 Plaintiff’s functioning. Despite Plaintiff’s reports of chronic debilitating body pain, 3 the record also reflects numerous instances of normal musculoskeletal and 4 extremity exams or exam findings inconsistent with pain complaints. Tr. 369-72, 5 396, 400, 415, 426, 497, 523, 524, 525, 527. The ALJ’s findings are supported by 6 substantial evidence. 7 However, as this claim is being remanded for reconsideration of Plaintiff’s 8 subjective complaints, the ALJ will consider any additional development of the 9 record when conducting the five-step process. 10 3. Medical opinions 11 Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in evaluating the medical opinion evidence by 12 improperly rejecting the opinions from Dr. Drenguis and Dr. Nestler. ECF No. 13 13 at 15-20. 14 When an examining physician’s opinion is contradicted by another 15 physician, the ALJ must offer “specific and legitimate” reasons to reject the 16 opinion. Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830-31 (9th Cir. 1995). The specific and 17 legitimate standard can be met by the ALJ setting out a detailed and thorough 18 summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating her interpretation 19 thereof, and making findings. Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 20 1989). 21 a. Dr. William Drenguis 22 Plaintiff attended a consultative physical exam with Dr. William Drenguis 23 on May 5, 2016. Tr. 366-73. Dr. Drenguis conducted objective testing that revealed 24 a number of inconsistencies. Tr. 369-72. He found the exact nature of Plaintiff’s 25 problems to be difficult to evaluate due to poor effort and inconsistencies, but 26 diagnosed him with diffuse myalgias, early degenerative joint disease of both 27 knees and hands, and bilateral shoulder impingement. Tr. 372. Dr. Drenguis opined 28 Plaintiff could stand and walk at least two hours in a workday, sit about six hours, 1 lift and carry at least 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently, 2 occasionally engage in most postural activities, occasionally reach overhead and 3 forward, and frequently handle, finger, and feel. Tr. 372-73. 4 The ALJ gave Dr. Drenguis’ opinion partial weight, finding it to not be 5 consistent with the evidence as a whole or his own examination of the claimant, 6 noting the inconsistent test results and the lack of ongoing complaints in the record 7 regarding knees, shoulders, or hands. Tr. 25. The ALJ also noted Plaintiff had 8 reported his hobbies included walking for exercise and rebuilding bikes. Id. 9 Plaintiff argues the ALJ improperly found Plaintiff’s knee, shoulder, and 10 hand complaints to be non-severe and improperly substituted her own lay 11 interpretation of the medical findings for those of the doctor. ECF No. 13 at 15-17. 12 He further argues that the activities identified by the ALJ do not serve as a basis 13 for undermining Dr. Drenguis’ report as they are consistent with the limitations 14 listed. Id. at 17. Defendant argues the ALJ was justified in rejecting the opinion as 15 it was based on unclear findings and was unsupported by other evidence in the 16 record. ECF No. 16 at 16-18. 17 The Court finds the ALJ did not err in rejecting the extent of the limitations 18 posed by Dr. Drenguis. As discussed above, the ALJ gave an adequate explanation 19 for finding most of Plaintiff’s pain complaints to be unrelated to any medically 20 determinable impairment. The ALJ reasonably relied on Dr. Drenguis’ own 21 statement that the nature of Plaintiff’s conditions was difficult to evaluate because 22 of inconsistencies and poor effort, and the fact that Plaintiff did not consistently 23 report problems with his knees, shoulders, and hands throughout the remainder of 24 the record. The ALJ’s analysis is supported by substantial evidence. 25 b. Dr. Kristen Nestler 26 Plaintiff attended a consultative psychological exam on May 4, 2016. Tr. 27 360-64. Dr. Nestler diagnosed Plaintiff with cannabis use disorder and unspecified 28 depressive and anxiety disorders. Tr. 362-63. She opined Plaintiff would not have 1 difficulty performing simple and repetitive tasks or detailed and complex tasks, 2 noting his cognitive testing was normal. Tr. 363. She further stated that he would 3 not have difficulty performing work activities on a consistent basis without special 4 supervision and would not have difficulty maintaining regular attendance, noting 5 Plaintiff clearly stated that his inability to work was due to physical problems. Id. 6 She opined Plaintiff may have difficulty accepting instructions from supervisors 7 and interacting with coworkers and the public, noting he was a poor historian and 8 was quite circumstantial in his speech and needed constant redirection. Id. She also 9 noted he would have difficulty dealing with the usual stress of the workplace. Tr. 10 364. 11 The ALJ gave this opinion partial weight, emphasizing Dr. Nestler’s 12 comment that Plaintiff “may” have difficulties with interaction in the workplace, 13 but noting that she did not specify what those difficulties might be. Tr. 24. The 14 ALJ further noted that Dr. Nestler’s exam and other records showed Plaintiff to be 15 pleasant and cooperative. Id. 16 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s rationale is insufficient, as Dr. Nestler’s 17 explanatory statements regarding Plaintiff’s circumstantial speech and need for 18 redirection adequately showed what Plaintiff’s difficulties would be in the 19 workplace, and that the ALJ’s premise that the stated limitation was not specific 20 was simply incorrect. ECF No. 13 at 19-20. Defendant argues Plaintiff is asking 21 for a different interpretation of the record, and the ALJ’s reading of Dr. Nestler’s 22 opinion as equivocal was reasonable. ECF No. 16 at 18-20. 23 The Court finds the ALJ did not err. Dr. Nestler’s opinion states only that 24 Plaintiff “may” have difficulties in interacting with others in the workplace. She 25 did not explain the extent of those potential difficulties, or comment on what she 26 believed Plaintiff remained capable of doing. Tr. 363. Furthermore, the ALJ 27 included limitations in the RFC on Plaintiff’s ability to interact with others, 28 1 limiting him to no more than occasional interaction with supervisors, coworkers, or 2 the public. Tr. 21. The Court finds no error in the ALJ’s analysis. 3 CONCLUSION 4 Plaintiff argues the decision should be reversed and remanded for the 5 payment of benefits. The Court has the discretion to remand the case for additional 6 evidence and findings or to award benefits. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1292 7 (9th Cir. 1996). The Court may award benefits if the record is fully developed and 8 further administrative proceedings would serve no useful purpose. Id. Remand is 9 appropriate when additional administrative proceedings could remedy defects. 10 Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 763 (9th Cir. 1989). In this case, the Court 11 finds that further development is necessary for a proper determination to be made. 12 The ALJ’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence. On remand, the 13 ALJ shall reevaluate Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, make findings on each of 14 the five steps of the sequential evaluation process, obtain supplemental testimony 15 from a vocational expert as needed, and take into consideration any other evidence 16 or testimony relevant to Plaintiff’s disability claim. 17 Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED: 18 1. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 13, is 19 GRANTED IN PART. 20 2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 16, is 21 DENIED. 22 3. The matter is REMANDED to the Commissioner for additional 23 proceedings consistent with this Order. 24 4. An application for attorney fees may be filed by separate motion. 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 The District Court Executive is directed to file this Order and provide a copy 2 || to counsel for Plaintiff and Defendant. Judgment shall be entered for Plaintiff and 3]| the file shall be CLOSED. 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 DATED July 6, 2020.

JOHNT.RODGERS) 8 wa” UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28