Brown v. DeGrace

193 Misc. 2d 391, 751 N.Y.S.2d 150, 2002 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 1329
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedOctober 18, 2002
StatusPublished

This text of 193 Misc. 2d 391 (Brown v. DeGrace) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brown v. DeGrace, 193 Misc. 2d 391, 751 N.Y.S.2d 150, 2002 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 1329 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 2002).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Leonard B. Austin, J.

In this matter, which was brought via the simplified procedure for the resolution of disputes as provided in CPLR 3031 et seq., the parties, plaintiff, Eric S. Brown, and defendant, John A. DeGrace, constituting, respectively, the Democratic and [392]*392Republican members of the Nassau County Board of Elections, ask this court to determine the order of the candidates on the November 5, 2002 ballot for the office of Judge of the District Court of Nassau County, Second District.

Background

There are three Second District Court seats to be filled in this year’s election. Each of the Republican and Democratic Parties have nominated candidates for the three vacancies. On their designating petitions, the Republicans nominated Philip M. Grella, Dana Mitchell Jaffe and Francis D. Ricigliano, in that order. The Democrats, on their designating petitions, nominated Fred J. Hirsh, Dominic Villoni and Joseph P. Spinola, in that order.

Many of the Republican and Democratic designees also filed petitions to run on minor party lines. After the primaries for those lines were held, Commissioner DeGrace caused a draft ballot to be created. That ballot was set as follows:

Republican (Row A) Grella Jaffe Ricigliano
Democratic (Row B) Hirsh Villoni Spinola
Independence Jaffe Ricigliano Spinola
Conservative Jaffe Ricigliano Spinola
Liberal Grella Jaffe Ricigliano
Right to Life Grella Ricigliano
Green Hirsh Jaffe Spinola
Working Families Hirsh Jaffe Villoni

In her affidavit, Republican Deputy Elections Commissioner Carol DeMauro Busketta suggests that this is the only ballot configuration which, under the circumstances of minor party endorsements, could have been achieved.

Commissioner Brown disagrees with the DeGrace draft ballot and has, instead, proposed the following candidate alignment:

Republican Grella Jaffe Ricigliano
[393]*393[[Image here]]
Independence Spinola Jaffe Ricigliano
Conservative Spinola Jaffe Ricigliano
Liberal Grella Jaffe Ricigliano
Right to Life Grella Ricigliano Green Spinola Jaffe Hirsh
Working Families Jaffe Hirsh Villoni

Both proposed ballots appear to satisfy the requirements of ballot formation.

At issue is the question of primacy of the establishment of ballot position. In this regard, Commissioner DeGrace argues, and relies upon, the longstanding “tradition” that, when possible, the ballot that is generated by the Board of Elections reflects the order of the candidates on their designating petition. Commissioner Brown contends that there is no legal basis for that approach and argues that, as the Democratic Commissioner, he is entitled to set his party’s ballot order as he determines best.

Both sides, in their submissions, and on oral argument, agree that there is no statutory or case law or administrative code in the State of New York which addresses this issue. In fact, research reflects that there is no case law dealing with this issue anywhere in the United States. Further, both sides agree that although the law prefers to minimize the number of columns on the ballot for each office, it is necessary, due to the overlapping minor party endorsements, that the ballot in question must have four columns for the three vacancies to be filled in the general election.

Discussion

The Board of Elections is charged with the responsibility of creation of the ballot and, in so doing, establishing the order in which candidates appear thereon. (Election Law § 7-116 [2].) For the purposes of an election to a position for which more than one vacancy exists, it is to be treated as a single office. (See, Mastrella v Commissioners of Elections for Monroe County, 58 Misc 2d 31 [Sup Ct, Monroe County 1968].) Here, the commissioners have, by their disagreement, abdicated their statutory duty and have thus placed the issue before this court. (Election Law § 16-104 [1].) The parties, as Elections Commis[394]*394sioners, in bringing this proceeding, have agreed that this is the proper forum for the resolution of this dispute. (See, e.g. Matter of Harwood v Dodd, 78 AD2d 644 [2d Dept], affd 51 NY2d 836 [1980].) Additionally, counsel for the respective parties represented, during oral argument, that they were authorized to appear for, and bind, the various candidates on Rows A and B. Thus, there was no need to adjourn this matter to permit their joinder as necessary parties under CPLR 1001 (a).

Generally speaking, the case law suggests that where the Board of Elections is claimed to have made an error in the establishment of the ballot, an aggrieved candidate may challenge the manner in which the Board constituted the ballot. (Election Law § 16-104.) The ballot created by the Board of Elections will not be disturbed, under the guise of abuse of discretion, when the change sought is intended to give one candidate “a supposed advantage” and the names on the ballot are otherwise legally set. (Matter of Luchowski v Lawley, 26 Misc 2d 148 [Sup Ct, Erie County 1960].)

Traditionally, with regard to Supreme Court elections, the courts of this state have recognized that in placing candidates on the ballot in the same order as their names appeared on the certificate of nomination filed after the judicial convention is not an abuse of discretion. (See, Matter of Mintz v Cuomo, 45 NY2d 918 [1978]; see also, Matter of Cooke v Lomenzo, 31 NY2d 244 [1972] [where the Court of Appeals found that placing Court of Appeals candidates on the ballot in the order of the certificate of nomination, unless a drawing is demanded, is not arbitrary and capricious].) Likewise, it is undisputed that the Nassau County Board of Elections has observed the tradition of relying upon the designating petitions for the order of the candidates on the ballot, unless minor party endorsements or a draw for ballot position (see, O’Shaughnessy v Dodd, 63 NY2d 812 [1984]) compel a different result, so as to minimize the number of columns used for that office. (See stipulated facts H9.)

Although our case law recognizes this “tradition” of ballot placement, there is nothing that makes it mandatory. While the Commissioners of Election perform a ministerial act in the creation of the ballot within certain statutory and due process parameters, it must be recognized that they are also representatives of the two dominant political parties. Thus, their role is also inherently partisan. It would be disingenuous for this court to ignore that fundamental fact. Certainly, the oral argument on this matter well reflected that concept as well. That [395]*395Commissioner Brown has exercised his political role more so than his democratic predecessors does not mean that the cited 30-year tradition prevents him from doing so. As a result of the inability of the commissioners to reach an agreement, there is now a deadlock which requires this court’s intervention.

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Related

Cooke v. Lomenzo
288 N.E.2d 291 (New York Court of Appeals, 1972)
Mintz v. Cuomo
383 N.E.2d 867 (New York Court of Appeals, 1978)
Harwood v. Dodd
413 N.E.2d 1174 (New York Court of Appeals, 1980)
O'Shaughnessy v. Dodd
472 N.E.2d 21 (New York Court of Appeals, 1984)
Harwood v. Dodd
78 A.D.2d 644 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1980)
Luchowski v. Lawley
26 Misc. 2d 148 (New York Supreme Court, 1960)
Mastrella v. Commissioners of Elections
58 Misc. 2d 31 (New York Supreme Court, 1968)

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Bluebook (online)
193 Misc. 2d 391, 751 N.Y.S.2d 150, 2002 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 1329, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brown-v-degrace-nysupct-2002.