1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 TOM BROWN,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,710
10 CENTRAL NEW MEXICO 11 CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, 12 and JOSE ROMERO,
13 Defendant-Appellant.
14 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF VALENCIA COUNTY 15 John W. Pope, District Judge
16 Tom Brown 17 Vado, NM
18 Pro Se Appellee
19 New Mexico Corrections Department 20 James R. Brewer, General Counsel 21 Santa Fe, NM
22 for Appellant
23 MEMORANDUM OPINION
24 KENNEDY, Judge.
25 Central New Mexico Correctional Facility and Jose Romero (Defendants) 1 appeal from the district court’s order granting Tom Brown (Plaintiff) $770.00 in
2 compensatory damages for personal property that was mishandled while Plaintiff was
3 incarcerated at Defendants’ facility. [RP 228-29] This Court’s calendar notice
4 proposed summary affirmance. [Ct. App. File, CN1] Defendants have filed a
5 memorandum in opposition that we have duly considered. [Ct. App. File, MIO] We
6 affirm.
7 DISCUSSION
8 In the docketing statement, Defendants contend that the district court erred in
9 refusing to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice based on Defendants’ repeated
10 motions and claims of immunity pursuant to the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, NMSA
11 1978, Sections 41-4-1 through 41-4-30 (1976, as amended through 2010, (the TCA).
12 [DS 4] Defendants also argue that the TCA shields governmental entities and public
13 employees from tort liability unless immunity is specifically waived and such waivers
14 are strictly construed. [DS 5] Finally, Defendants contend that there is no waiver of
15 immunity under the TCA for the alleged violation of property rights of one inmate,
16 or for the alleged loss, misplacement, or theft of one inmate’s personal property. [DS
17 7] In the memorandum in opposition, Defendants also argue that they are immune
18 from liability, because they paid Plaintiff $150.00 for the loss of his personal property,
19 which, they allege, is more than the limit of their liability, pursuant to the same
2 1 policies and procedures that were used to determine their liability to Plaintiff. [MIO
2 4-6] We are not persuaded.
3 The record indicates that Plaintiff, appearing pro se, filed an amended civil tort
4 action asserting that while Plaintiff was incarcerated at Defendants’ facility,
5 Defendants lost or misplaced certain personal property, which Plaintiff was required
6 to entrust to Defendants while he was transported to a medical facility, and it was
7 never returned it to him. [RP 27] The personal property was: (1) a Seiko watch; (2)
8 a gold rope chain; and (3) a gold wedding ring with a diamond in its center (the
9 property). [Id.]
10 Defendants filed several motions to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint and for
11 summary judgment, asserting, among other things, that Defendants had not waived
12 sovereign immunity pursuant to any of the provisions of the TCA. [RP 35, 100, 125,
13 186, 193] The district court granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss to the extent that
14 Plaintiff was asserting that Defendants had waived immunity as law enforcement
15 officers, pursuant to Section 41-4-12 of the TCA. [RP 107-08] The district court
16 denied Defendants’ motion to the extent that Plaintiff was asserting that Defendants
17 had waived immunity pursuant to Section 41-4-6. [RP 108] Plaintiff also moved for
18 summary judgment [RP 116, 206], which the district court denied [RP 224]. The
19 parties then proceeded to a bench trial. [RP 226]
3 1 At trial, Plaintiff testified that Defendants lost, stole, or misplaced the property.
2 Plaintiff also presented evidence that he had prevailed in the internal grievance appeal
3 process as of December 17, 2004, which specifically determined that the property was
4 mishandled by the transporting officer and that Defendants were liable for the
5 replacement of the property, the value of which was to be determined. [RP 28]
6 Plaintiff further presented evidence of the value of the property through purchase
7 receipts and/or his own testimony. [RP 208-10]
8 After trial, the district court entered the final order, ruling that: (1) Defendants
9 admitted in the final disposition of Plaintiff’s internal grievance dated December 14,
10 2004, to losing or misplacing Plaintiff’s property while he was incarcerated at
11 Defendants’ facility; (2) Defendants do not enjoy sovereign immunity under the TCA;
12 (3) Plaintiff sufficiently presented the value of the mishandled property in the amount
13 of $930.00, minus the $150 Defendants have already paid Plaintiff to date for the
14 items; and (4) Plaintiff’s claim for punitive damages should be denied. [RP 228-29]
15 As we requested in the calendar notice, Defendants’ memorandum provides
16 information on the bases for the district court’s ruling that Defendants had waived
17 sovereign immunity under the TCA. [MIO 1-4] Defendants tell us that the district
18 court judge stated that “the state has largely conceded the liability through both Ms.
19 Sedillo’s granting of the grievance and also through the admissions of the uncontested
4 1 material facts in the motion for summary judgment.” [MIO 1] We agree with the
2 district court’s ruling.
3 First, during Defendants’ processing of Plaintiff’s internal grievance regarding
4 the property, Ms. Sedillo concluded that Plaintiff’s “property was mishandled by the
5 transporting officer and [Defendants] will be liable for the replacement of the
6 property. . . .” [RP 28] Second, Defendants’ policies and procedures specifically
7 provide that Defendants “will not be liable for the loss of or damage to [an inmate’s]
8 personal property unless it is evident that [Defendants], through negligence, [were]
9 directly responsible for the loss or damage.” [RP 73, ¶ T, emphasis added] Third, in
10 Defendants’ motion for dismissal or summary judgment, they state as an undisputed
11 fact that “[t]he transport officers did mishandle the Plaintiff’s property during
12 transport.” [RP 36]
13 Because we agree with the district court that Defendants conceded liability in
14 this case, we need not definitively determine whether Defendants waived sovereign
15 immunity for mishandling Plaintiff’s property under Section 41-4-6 (A) of the TCA.
16 We turn now to the measure of Plaintiff’s compensatory damages. The district court
17 awarded Plaintiff $770, calculated as the value of the property established by Plaintiff
18 as $930, minus the $150 Defendants already paid Plaintiff. [RP 229] Defendants
19 contend that the same policies and procedures that were used by the district court to
5 1 determine Defendants’ liability “clearly” limit their liability to $150. [MIO 4-6]
2 In the calendar notice we noted that Defendants’ policies and procedures
3 provide for Defendants’ ministerial, not administrative or discretionary, duties as
4 bailees with regard to inmates’ personal property. See, e.g., State of N.M. ex rel.
5 Richardson v.
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1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 TOM BROWN,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,710
10 CENTRAL NEW MEXICO 11 CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, 12 and JOSE ROMERO,
13 Defendant-Appellant.
14 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF VALENCIA COUNTY 15 John W. Pope, District Judge
16 Tom Brown 17 Vado, NM
18 Pro Se Appellee
19 New Mexico Corrections Department 20 James R. Brewer, General Counsel 21 Santa Fe, NM
22 for Appellant
23 MEMORANDUM OPINION
24 KENNEDY, Judge.
25 Central New Mexico Correctional Facility and Jose Romero (Defendants) 1 appeal from the district court’s order granting Tom Brown (Plaintiff) $770.00 in
2 compensatory damages for personal property that was mishandled while Plaintiff was
3 incarcerated at Defendants’ facility. [RP 228-29] This Court’s calendar notice
4 proposed summary affirmance. [Ct. App. File, CN1] Defendants have filed a
5 memorandum in opposition that we have duly considered. [Ct. App. File, MIO] We
6 affirm.
7 DISCUSSION
8 In the docketing statement, Defendants contend that the district court erred in
9 refusing to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice based on Defendants’ repeated
10 motions and claims of immunity pursuant to the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, NMSA
11 1978, Sections 41-4-1 through 41-4-30 (1976, as amended through 2010, (the TCA).
12 [DS 4] Defendants also argue that the TCA shields governmental entities and public
13 employees from tort liability unless immunity is specifically waived and such waivers
14 are strictly construed. [DS 5] Finally, Defendants contend that there is no waiver of
15 immunity under the TCA for the alleged violation of property rights of one inmate,
16 or for the alleged loss, misplacement, or theft of one inmate’s personal property. [DS
17 7] In the memorandum in opposition, Defendants also argue that they are immune
18 from liability, because they paid Plaintiff $150.00 for the loss of his personal property,
19 which, they allege, is more than the limit of their liability, pursuant to the same
2 1 policies and procedures that were used to determine their liability to Plaintiff. [MIO
2 4-6] We are not persuaded.
3 The record indicates that Plaintiff, appearing pro se, filed an amended civil tort
4 action asserting that while Plaintiff was incarcerated at Defendants’ facility,
5 Defendants lost or misplaced certain personal property, which Plaintiff was required
6 to entrust to Defendants while he was transported to a medical facility, and it was
7 never returned it to him. [RP 27] The personal property was: (1) a Seiko watch; (2)
8 a gold rope chain; and (3) a gold wedding ring with a diamond in its center (the
9 property). [Id.]
10 Defendants filed several motions to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint and for
11 summary judgment, asserting, among other things, that Defendants had not waived
12 sovereign immunity pursuant to any of the provisions of the TCA. [RP 35, 100, 125,
13 186, 193] The district court granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss to the extent that
14 Plaintiff was asserting that Defendants had waived immunity as law enforcement
15 officers, pursuant to Section 41-4-12 of the TCA. [RP 107-08] The district court
16 denied Defendants’ motion to the extent that Plaintiff was asserting that Defendants
17 had waived immunity pursuant to Section 41-4-6. [RP 108] Plaintiff also moved for
18 summary judgment [RP 116, 206], which the district court denied [RP 224]. The
19 parties then proceeded to a bench trial. [RP 226]
3 1 At trial, Plaintiff testified that Defendants lost, stole, or misplaced the property.
2 Plaintiff also presented evidence that he had prevailed in the internal grievance appeal
3 process as of December 17, 2004, which specifically determined that the property was
4 mishandled by the transporting officer and that Defendants were liable for the
5 replacement of the property, the value of which was to be determined. [RP 28]
6 Plaintiff further presented evidence of the value of the property through purchase
7 receipts and/or his own testimony. [RP 208-10]
8 After trial, the district court entered the final order, ruling that: (1) Defendants
9 admitted in the final disposition of Plaintiff’s internal grievance dated December 14,
10 2004, to losing or misplacing Plaintiff’s property while he was incarcerated at
11 Defendants’ facility; (2) Defendants do not enjoy sovereign immunity under the TCA;
12 (3) Plaintiff sufficiently presented the value of the mishandled property in the amount
13 of $930.00, minus the $150 Defendants have already paid Plaintiff to date for the
14 items; and (4) Plaintiff’s claim for punitive damages should be denied. [RP 228-29]
15 As we requested in the calendar notice, Defendants’ memorandum provides
16 information on the bases for the district court’s ruling that Defendants had waived
17 sovereign immunity under the TCA. [MIO 1-4] Defendants tell us that the district
18 court judge stated that “the state has largely conceded the liability through both Ms.
19 Sedillo’s granting of the grievance and also through the admissions of the uncontested
4 1 material facts in the motion for summary judgment.” [MIO 1] We agree with the
2 district court’s ruling.
3 First, during Defendants’ processing of Plaintiff’s internal grievance regarding
4 the property, Ms. Sedillo concluded that Plaintiff’s “property was mishandled by the
5 transporting officer and [Defendants] will be liable for the replacement of the
6 property. . . .” [RP 28] Second, Defendants’ policies and procedures specifically
7 provide that Defendants “will not be liable for the loss of or damage to [an inmate’s]
8 personal property unless it is evident that [Defendants], through negligence, [were]
9 directly responsible for the loss or damage.” [RP 73, ¶ T, emphasis added] Third, in
10 Defendants’ motion for dismissal or summary judgment, they state as an undisputed
11 fact that “[t]he transport officers did mishandle the Plaintiff’s property during
12 transport.” [RP 36]
13 Because we agree with the district court that Defendants conceded liability in
14 this case, we need not definitively determine whether Defendants waived sovereign
15 immunity for mishandling Plaintiff’s property under Section 41-4-6 (A) of the TCA.
16 We turn now to the measure of Plaintiff’s compensatory damages. The district court
17 awarded Plaintiff $770, calculated as the value of the property established by Plaintiff
18 as $930, minus the $150 Defendants already paid Plaintiff. [RP 229] Defendants
19 contend that the same policies and procedures that were used by the district court to
5 1 determine Defendants’ liability “clearly” limit their liability to $150. [MIO 4-6]
2 In the calendar notice we noted that Defendants’ policies and procedures
3 provide for Defendants’ ministerial, not administrative or discretionary, duties as
4 bailees with regard to inmates’ personal property. See, e.g., State of N.M. ex rel.
5 Richardson v. 5th Judicial District Nominating, 2007-NMSC-023, ¶ 10, 141 N.M.
6 657, 160 P.3d 566 (stating that “[a] ministerial act, as applied to a public officer, is an
7 act or thing which he is required to perform by direction of law upon a given state of
8 facts being shown to exist, regardless of his own opinion as to the propriety or
9 impropriety of doing the act in the particular case”). Defendants’ memorandum cites
10 case law that allows a bailee to limit its liability and contends that these same policies
11 and procedures “clearly” provide a limit to Defendants’ liability: “[the policies and
12 procedures] clearly indicate that the value of any inmate’s watch cannot exceed $50,
13 that the value of an inmate’s wedding ring cannot exceed $50, and the value of any
14 inmate’s chain and pendant together cannot exceed $50.” [MIO 4-5] Defendants also
15 argued below that the value of the mishandled property exceeds the value allowed by
16 its policies and procedures, pointing to Sections B.1.b.1, B.1.b.3, and B.1.b.9. [RP
17 128] Defendants also indicate in the memorandum that they made the same argument
18 at the bench trial and that a copy of Defendants’ policies and procedures were
19 admitted into evidence. [MIO 5, citing the Transcript of Proceedings 40-43]
6 1 The district court, however, did not consider that these sections of the policies
2 and procedures clearly limited Defendants’ liability to Plaintiff to $150, and awarded
3 Plaintiff the value of the items that he established at trial, $930, subtracting the $150
4 already paid to Plaintiff to arrive at the $770 amount due to Plaintiff from Defendants.
5 [RP 229] We agree. As we discussed above, these policies and procedures
6 specifically provide for Defendants’ liability for the negligent mishandling of an
7 inmate’s personal property. [RP 73, ¶ T] As further discussed above, Defendants
8 conceded liability to Plaintiff. As for $150 being the limit of Defendants’ liability to
9 Plaintiff, Section B.1.b merely lists the personal property types and values that an
10 inmate may bring into the facility. [RP 57] Moreover, Defendants admitted that the
11 stated values for the types of property Plaintiff lost due to Defendants’ mishandling
12 in Section B.1.b, do not add up to $150. [RP 128, RP 57] As such, Defendants have
13 cited no policies and procedures provision that expressly limits Defendants’ liability
14 for mishandled items to the values set forth in Section B.1.b. [MIO 4-6; RP 128] See,
15 e.g., Jimenez v. Foundation Reserve Ins. Co., 107 N.M. 322, 324, 757 P.2d 792, 794
16 (1988) (noting that exclusionary provisions in an insurance policy will be enforced if
17 they (1) are clear and unambiguous in meaning, and (2) if they do not conflict with
18 public policy stated in express statutory language or by indication of legislative
19 intent). In this case, it is unclear and ambiguous whether the values listed for the
7 1 allowed property items in Section B.1.b limit Defendants’ liability to those values.
2 Thus, while the policies and procedures do clearly provide for Defendants’ liability
3 for the negligent mishandling of inmate property, they do not clearly or expressly
4 provide a limit to that liability.
5 We affirm the district court’s order.
6 IT IS SO ORDERED.
7 ___________________________________ 8 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
9 WE CONCUR:
10 _________________________________ 11 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
12 _________________________________ 13 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge