Brown, Richard

Opinion

::rli rH£ ~-u.Hmo ~5 c.oultf ·. ( ·~. of' A~, AvsrrH, orv.ISJlU ~ <l I, Le -gq·-a;;t; .

' .

Tij ltf lt!c:HA~D f>IU>kJkl Qtl.AWtt

V5. ~ o:llll.. IIUror.l No. 4; 11.1- cv- 8'3'1- o wn.LrA)t1 srep»~tis ~. WJE(G~~VED ~N RESJ\?NDE"'T"

_q ©~T OF CRJI\IIJNAt APPEALS SEP 14 2015

I,

~rAO?mt;H·r Ot .:>1Jtt.:CSD1att>H.

---fllt~P. 'SEEk:S .WJJ!\I'&OAPI~ fl.EIU:F PUR'I t1e tf:QIJC .(Jf CII.WtftiiAC AtlfJt:Ac5 1 TO Pt!IXA. flit?" ;lB.D:· .. - Jl.ts'hU"Cr...:f'ittllt.. C..CtJit{ .1W4E TO UJ!l.(~l ·rue PE.Iffb(S Or:fecr.tvt: Cifd.'T}:~~CAFL!ON .:(Jp .11ft ~1-tr 'If> At'J1EAL VUf 'tO Af.l r-~VAL.t:"D WAVed t:Jr life R.~l /(1 t~PPcAL mADt--~N<OT· k.J.IOW£/J- 4LY t:Nrt:cr<;e:HT Oa< VQL.tt..frottY~ . . . . .. . _;__. t: ·. y- f{£L · rnf'" A<:.r Scuc;ttr, ~~ m.n.l'i3re~L UNDt~ lc~, WU AfJt1.. fJQJJC, i/4 ,t.fl Sl:fTi e . ~AD£ _v.S,f1?AY.S1 68CI s,w,')..0 6q3 ifex;CJl; APB fiBLI), .,w-~ tl.PY1$FI4C.. Mlfr7E/{ me c.outr e;,: C-~trfJTCfo!Al. Ar11let.ILS Jt-As JVtt.:r:so.r:cr:c.or..f ove.rJ.. ./h.c~ c VrJOt/2.. Tift; rEX, C.ON5Jj AJ!.J:,.j[. Se£ 5, . . _ 11-f€ (J£LAT'()l tiM; mf.'[' rH£ TWO P(O/¥P tESf" e:~n:6U::S 1-ffO :nJ ll.rCK£lol$ 115, ~Citf Of

m

A~'PtZAlSr {ltill StJP. .:7VD,.orsr;1 s.w,.;{d 642~ C.lt,A-tJP, flfff), . "• . FCILST; THe tec..Aif?f<. itAS tiC AOC1;2VA-rf" ~e.MI!V'l AT' LAW, TMA£ :t=~ J{jtJ fUP'lCDY 6Y . PETflr(JM Folt OrscJJ..en:o~A()..'f ReV!Ew Fwm AM ~I)Vtll.SIZ a.uLr~ riJ Af.i Q~N,AC.. 1'11ANOAm.,S PttocdD:C~, Ste JACO!bs liS, 5rnrt,6<12 s,w, 'JJ~l/Cx.X~ C!.IJ..APP,I16~),__ .

~1.0 1 1/1-f Wf/11:( or:- APPeALS c.c£A~LY At!JV.S£D m D~Ci.tt:t"t7~ Lfl,~# ! I FACl..ED ro (>ltVfll. mE T1liAL covttr .woot" .or mt 3 QJ2 orsrlt[cr coun.:r ro PEt<.~llP1 rr5 m.r;.lcsn:~AL PcJTY Ai'\fl cctttt;C( Ttfe .OeFEcr.riiE C.£1t.rJF'/Z4rkJIJ . ~iHoWDt4 T1f£ IJ..et.A"{f)/t HAS' A. ftr4HT i1/ AfJPEAL. 111€ covn:r o,: APPCA65 1 ;}ti!2eovll.'f of' AfflCA~ (J,IJL£() c_c#fiAtY To ~AroiLY lAW,Tt'Yi ~L, APP, . -pf{()C, 4 £t '1 . · . ·rH( P.£t)\(ot lfA5 SAf.!?Fl:EO t»t IU:I~u'CRei11ENf~ tlf!r Lt#.ltD C::f'l PAorLLA V5 1 (VIc- DAI~1tL1 0'l S,W, "3d 805 (fex, (Q.,API'.i)003),tW Sv6rHir1Tt-~t; I-{C5 Ai~iJ.J_T.~·lTJJON F(llt. WitU(JF .ezrer

MA~DVi11AS IJ• f:Pl-5'( TO Iff€ C.VrJttr (JP ,4t'f1t"A (.5 !2J!lil- or5r;t:rL"l ()f" TCYA 5.

Wtft"H A 71LLAL ((;lc}£1 ,:1VOt;£ Dfi.I'Ce5 A;J AfiPEa.ARI ,/tiC ;dJ4Hr 7111 ,.fPie/I'L rittm H./S CPt'[vU-

'tf<Jt-1 VA9eA; if){, lVL AM Pi1t:C. %, :2 (4.({)1 !Ht t'l2ol'{/i. tU:mercJ'I, t:.5 l3Y A W/tC( tJr fJ1AF4 DAf11(1.$ .

At-\V 14£'r 6Y A ww o~ fiAI!>f,A~ eottPUs 1 _A-ttr; 1Jdft, 5 E£ Sttf.IIH {IS, 5'1i1T£; q::g:;. s.w, 5 IS (tc:K, Avl', DALiA$ ICfli) C:CI:!'N4 6~.r liS. CJJilO..Y,!YfJ S~W ~d 140, . .

This document pages that are contains some at the time of . of P_oor quality 1magmg.

7HE S£UJNo Cbonr 0~ Afli'£Jli.~ • ~~~~CD ~ DrSC/U!rt!Pf.l 6V DE".t'lrN4 UU.Totl.. HI~ R:x:l11rt"ci.JTif Ai#tf~bm£­ IJ'! ~HIIO Wt PtJt:;c.£SS AUO EQfl£L Pl10rfCWN ()F"(H{( lAv. A..HATEIL IJ£5"PEcr~VLY .$it:l~ 111~ro n1t:S 1/f?/<JClf!...- Al)Lt CtJcJRJ .IH( ("IJCLI;x,./.£ f</<j: -

~ WAf. PE"~UP Hr:s ,-J>.JGi[r_ro ~Orl.£s.<;ll!£(4~£ IJ~ srAit Af.CO fet>EiiAi.. l-£114L. Or'Wii-1 ()FHM~ a;fZ.Pus 1 fUI.Acc~ P{l[JveD wJ:"rn O(KJ.Jtvlt:NrEO evrveNCE tJI.J sTAre Af~l) no&dAL L6VtAL~ OF Lt:rl2;,ATrotJ J QtiAf'o/2.. 1---rLED CHAPrtll '4 wH:fCi-1 U;Q5 ;HAI~O THAt THGl€ 7:~ No 6WC141Ji::A.L . G:V'.L()BfC€1 f£E' s"r;un?-5 t.Ef'LY (0 DEPENvAtf(S mcrt:oiJ F0t. A~Po.rrtjvt'fct.IT 0 ~ UXIHSCL• i!P. 1-l)., F'CLw .Tv1J,3~14 Q.il.Aio~S -cNor:C..1TM6.fr WAS- iltVt.:rrrP~'SH 1 /JElArt?tJ.. HellO. N6h/.wH4{ CHIIIU[,E Ht.tvPVt..D ()E ll...ocort.D tCU mAt(rlft; If~ I'LcA c.IIU:NCwJ:'i#tf 4Nll IN~ttt..A(C](V., ser: J:i.liJra?ne;..rr CKHr~) AL'>c· 5EF ifiOTrof.t To SStJASA :t"~D.J;rf/11\?'tdr, fit..JaJ ').Oil (YIM., 1q, .

fonltO.. r»e- 5TArt .p/2.t$fNI£~ 111ST.AIE's PMJ MS&iJ tyJff/10/tA l'l 01/m; Fr~DLNG S t?E CM-T A NO CoiJC.L.- • lJS'tONS 0~ LAw/' AS SI.A'I'E'D PJ ;=Ci4DC~5 o'P FACI, fi/Z9E'f.4L fAc.:rs "

'l) PUtSOA~T' TO Atz_TC:O.f( hLf.O ~ 0 ,: 114£ TF~ Ct?i>t- Of' Clt!fl1, fJJt..f)c., lfft '5TAI€ DENIE~ rf(AT iV£DE#C~ c;qsf~ fffJfr /11T41lr eoNIArf'l .h!LEVAilr 6LOl.()(jrcAL I'J?e'I{(€1/.AL., 6] Tltt: oNLy Cll£iJENC€ Tii41 E>li'S'F.:: £~ D€FEijDAt.~r'S lH..lXL 5W46 wH.'K,.t Ca/Jrft'f.f5 f!.>to<-o<;.rCAt..

tl'lt(ellAL &vr IS J'IJREUVJ.i<llro 11fr6· O('PIN(£. ~ _ .

~) rN£/lt::' tS AI() E'v.J:.b'ENCG ('ai'('"M'/.IT~ lro!ALAUI 8WL(:)C)l:CAL h1Art12I.L'IL -ro n::sr r;J I IUS C4')f, Qft.A·rt)(l /tfC[vt;O AA .LLL£4AS '%J.II€~c II y/J., Fe!{ A 3Ah Ol!411..Ef ~f;.(\/, WftrC:ft :IS A4£#Sr (f-i-t ~~;.14 C,V£iJ£L'Iilf$ 1 '(;.r( aeaa COI)II..f :J$ nJ £i'l.t2.(ft HI lf41l~®S /t/1 POJ.fESJltl"/!ilr rf.J THt:' ~e:nLt'kt'tJI~ P€iJAt.. <:.tJDi § ll.4:J..j ~1.11 j ~ ;).(,0~} .• A/£/:1-fr.lfl · .wk5 os.trt"l) ove l'aa=e--s'5 4i-'r E62vA L Pntim:T!CJtl vlitJt:t< '(i'(f Ut.ct . REtA~t. WAS<;J:'vf't(l .h~ ~f.i:dAl. t';€Al-t'AC£ OP I} y/1..!5 -/?~A '3il2o$,JIE£ /Uf:JJ.J'r w#m( Ls --&yc N' n-re-" s~Nr·U:~.f1¥j·. ~vrDe'lDfE~ WlfUJ.I #IAJfi% 'f}.£r:5 A WD S€f{fl':I-KC' tvUIZ# .111A~ flits CA5f ";;J47r 6v~tr~ If) (At:DPA) 1Iine Ufltt.-1~~ .

.m., 3

. I

I) nfff,£ IS lifJ E\tro(-f.l~t ·rr) -SCJPPCVl.r ~ ~Ot.,l•

;l) R£c.Arosts rtJo:ccrmctctr r~ mvL.rr.PtX-cos /VAGUE. wiiff Ul)tltllt'f;l CPVJ<t"a .M-~..rcu tv'l11L fVPPOS tDLY ttAV€" ACLu/!t'D oN Tfi£ 'SAm£" DAY 1 {l.£L.AIOI2.. NEt£"t2. laEw witUH Cf.JAi!~E Hf VleOLO & TILY/:0 ON.

~} IM€ fe"Ot'QAL Covn:r :CS :CAl GA.~ Lt.+lta<l t:r STATI::l> tf+AI (lEtATOte. :rs- A lll:.iJEAI or~f4t)f'il.., w~ Is IJol .PLYAt!JE UNOE{{ PalAL,Ct?oEf JI,.P2 ~

4) TilE ~f1.U. O:t~fL:ter "U [iJ ~iUWtt. wt+.ff{ r-r OG"i-tC~t> PEU.Cbtt ~c (JtL~~H .UNOtil... ·~ UrW 1 f!N Go:rA4 ~4J.,~;~<~<;"I, r:r's ·e'~ (1/Wii.. ooJY.:C~4 UtAT(:;fl.. rHe- li.rz;,t-1-rro A FArO.. At<() -rvn(J ,4CirA-L rH."V.!Ew,

~ f!.ru.ie\lt COVIJSeL WAS rf.IE.fFcCtrfiE TO Tf{€ ~f.tf€CT n·Utr.. llELPW((. W/k L€0 ~CO A..S ViJtc.Now~~ ftiJ VOi.II-J\t:tLY (JUFA A4tt~v119ff. .

'} lltl.Ari'tt.. :C:~ AC.<.CJU:CY !"1-r~cENl,

.·

,,

.Rt:i.Afo/1. .D.gPttrr(I£.Y '$,~WIS. -q~(T~ T}fK H()f((J/1A/!Ll CCVIJ..T He Filt.Lt?w'a/'1;

! ;!. ...

IH CJ~e'u~o ON£ D.t"LAIC/l. ·mA!tJ r.«f~~S i#Jr 1-f€' _r~ FA£. ~A_~roy· ·rtJ~i1~·~'NlEJ', N.~.f' -JtltU -~·1-L ~LI"1"'""

1

. tJFf.f'crE~cy, 5Mv.Yt:li. y~, wurn.ey1 $D6 u.~. 33'J;31'fi uJ s,a; 'J:SI4 ~ 'l5 16~:tq" r~ FA£1$ AFL~ TUCIJ£ w;a.~ lfNt' ~ta:iJ/?'(f<E/'fb ~ ~tP PErtTUHe:IJ.. ,/1AD Ce11f1Wpt;'IJ A~y· C(Jifn~, &~'-I w.cruovl rHC' CC~1rrVfli'NA(., Q.(JDQ. I Nl1 fi.E'/6¢A!J lG S()~CI{ \IIQliU) ttAtlf ~M'O P~E'2 ~1/tLTY, . F"Urut/J. ~lelA~ _C/ltiJ A~O wa.L '5~. rf/A(,:!'U L.-c:".4HI ()(ALL TFft -~al:JtiNC£ NO P.eA_:PHAbi£ J1J~DP. ltla:;x.,o f!iW P.'€<h1iil( GtALfY tJIJ.. CoNv.rcreo ttetn, boCJS l.£'f VS'.. u.s•. IIS &. cr, 1b~'1 C!'l!8), -~1\1 ·m:cs CA5'e P£t..Arr.o~./.s Cl.4rf11 1111.v .-'~raL- 13£ R.8/UWE..D nt w(U:'r (lf mM.fDAiHVS, t:F ~ a~ . ~ST.fdJAS~ THAr .T'fC CtOfo/Sr:rfV{[:Of(AL· EJJ.Jl:rt :CN ({~ PU:P.

1 11

Cr;Ll...()tflUY w;t+.S ~GIL.T'ti> L:fi T7fe CtJIVnz:r-

T<CN or:: CNt Wl-ftl £~ ACTIIALYTIJiJCcf}ff, fi'J{Jti.A~:'vs, C41lfl.:Ct0.1 Ar 4i6 ;),.c.r, ~(;4q, ,.

srAfJPAfll) OF Ufl.r:e.v J 1'fJ ~({.Cf'~ AN -~ss-u£ A~fltrr~<:) 'f/flff A FTflfJil'/14 "L6 A4A-:Lr~SI ·rite' 4tLf"'4r WEI'l~l-tl ltHO Ptff'DtU)e'Q.J.Hl«r 11 ~~riff e~CIJift.it£1 ~ ~-jr CoFlS.CDGi:l. J(HD ~Hr Au. cF T11fi OIJ)f:'ffGZ A#D 5ff .4-SriJi' riff F!UO~ DHL~· 'a: f1f£ efa;64C£ :r6 So ~t.'eA (( ,~ rffc- Fr'-'b.t'f44. .:t:'S ~~ {;(;f.lf'ILAt.Y Tt' rifE Ca.ett"C wE411r A#O PIJ..E~P{(/rfJL£ cF me· eV~bt«CC AS" TC IJ€ (!t£At.t.y .wll.b~U~ ·JfRO CIR TVST; /91)()T£'0 :Frlq11 VPw ClfE111,Co, i15i f/t../JKJt::;B;_;#6 S..Fv, 1cJ J.3r·1-;qj feK, .Jeo!)sa S<ULcP,~. oa.c,.sr3 v.S,.:?<l8JJ~1, 3381 115 s, f-;;~ ~.JJ B6 ;z- 68, ' rs· INti'C£NCl :1"/li2.£Llfi!ANT., <!eUA'~tL .ATrfla' t'"/4 ~12-(dl!'iJAC. :.Nf>4t::JY1elclr,'j; VS,Cf.tLL;R,£1)..14:])

- f WJ (/'ff<;) • Prs-rua- (G(;t'f FII'CL~O ~ ADi>klt~ ll£tA~ ACiUAl.. ;rtfi·4~Ct)(CE 1 U.w ueL t::IJ 1HCS l!A1C n -pamr:r tl.tZJ.fi:!t. rc A r~ rc mA(t A Silew.JW; ~F ACroA'. ru~oct~ct. {bMraf rr·~s rR~Ntrif.l rc· UfTif ::fr.3 1<£A;;J.t:J} Tffff 'ACffttll tJJ#HCfiiCt 11 /?if"AN.S FACrr.JA L X~~u:AC£, 1-16( /11(l£ 1lll;lfL Tfte6

[NS'v~'!EJ-.tC'Q 5AVI£12.. \IS, WJ.IrTt£Y1 5G6 (),t;,:/:13 i 3TJ'i 1 1f'l 5, CT; ~1'-1-18-ICJ. . -. To -:5uetV J.lt5 :ni~l.~~s ~a.A-rt"R cFFa..s 4S twrPc:~ce E.ifl-in!'£3(0 L'l) A~~ (8) W/f'Uff _ . Pt!OrJts fl.f( S~~ ~ ;.[EIJal..Tf4 Ar.5S~ OF AlfY EmJttiCE- tHAI rJ.c~ C&t/lrKr-/ED Af'-'Y (JJ.;J1116, iltUTt:l Slf!u£0 5tve'Atl .PP.f'JlJfJr:C.E S~ /HAl THC teU/lrS tll1.t lL /UAC/-1 rffl: .111f:ftt:T6 epA ClMtfJ ,fft{' t..d(ldrt?1VS[HtAg TH£ i?Jcdm flF S'tKH ~lAit11S "CF F4'ILL8JE rc Ht!A(L rw f.4ta/CO I£SfJL'[' -~IJ A /11CS<tA(£AGu; €f'Xqf1fC{. I<.V#LrYIAH V~-, WU.SO;Jj'/Db S, <:r; :l{;l,, Wf:fHr:.SCA(JIJAt,e t?F JVSr:ta eKlEP'TreiJ-.q(JI'L"C£~ WHfK 71ft ,4f.JPI%4/r4r i6 'AcrrTAL.rJJJW:ctJ/T 1J ~p rHt ~11~ ~F · WkJCit Uf' WAS dfJJ.Jv'U.TfO, V.!S,i/6, SA~o~ 1 15"9 n 3d .101, U?N~Trrtfr"(61lAc.... t.Awit:~~~>. 01/C PflCC£55 AEIR!l_t:'tl.ES TWfi'iiJti f)ti1!;{)f'l IJ£ m4(){/ T1J >uFFO. ·11fi; «.(tJS ~F A atl:f~A-L ~tNvU:(f.P/4 .e:x:apr IJP~II ·sPfflZIEIJI {J(IooF; OEF~i-ICO M) I[(;!:D EfiC€ #EC a:SA_P.Y T4i &7~Jfo.r IAI(£ 4 f'l2.fGfL ~f- ,::JfC(S IJC.YP#D A A£A6o~A(~U' Ot7cJ~T ~F r~ cJCrSrf.NLI:: CF E'v&l.Y £t!-111€JJI ~Tfft e~F£NS~ · , ·rnc Ct'~5ii1T~J}L i'IA~DAtlD ~Nr2.8J :C~ IN.J:~5H!P1 ¢r~p Ar ~} V,S.35~1 ~'-'4~tf'1t')

WM et:.(l'ft.~~V Ato.Astn A~ ~Pfl£. THAI ~rs A"' /14.4'1(0 A4ACr4SI A (;()f./t4ZTWJ.I e:x-ct-pr c~ PlltU ~S(itl o A ArKA'A-&E DoutJr 11. '!A ~-v6~U£'A'\ cA.~t.S O:t5C05~~/J4 11-tC PeJ¥OUt.ICE' ~t;M '$TjN0AtlD 1 we fJAile /JrCitll OePit,Tf'D rum flf!?S .DtFCf.li'illFl ~ rr.f$.:-.'twa oa. flCltl¥11 .TI-1€ -

w-cF4Sf1!-P.tJHDcts-IA~Il'C~ t!.~me .a:N'l12.At lua.Po~cs rr~tli.vc~:i~N v{,iJt-wC/t;AI< e:ris,cr; 1q~ t i 5.2 j ,L e417 ~ ,::t_~tvl c; ~ q 2 .s, cr; _lltf ; ~J.5 -Jq; ;nvtLANA y· vs-, wu llVil.A-1 q5 s, ~ r, I BS' ~frr(~lt~N 1)5, NE-w >WAK; 43'- £J,..S. I 9!-, 'Fl S'. c.:r, ~319J CO~l- vs, VS, '(1 S~<:1,354,35 :;/ J IN SHolff, ~dtJUfP 4S A;..} ES'SQ{lXAL orn+t Dl)f;,O/Loc£SS <:;uA~N'flL'D b~· WE tLJYl 4 rt1£N 0 tneYT -nt¥ N.o P61.5f7# '~-fiALL 8£ i?1.4 Ot TO -sv;r:fiJJ.. Tf{£ OtJVS ()~ -4 ~q-rlfic_ c_oJJ 11- I<z:JiPrJ exc.E.PT fiP()N SVFFTLf.Ei<lt Pfid?f'.. DffJ.-1'/er.:> 145 t:VlolNC[ lf/El:.€ SSAil.Y ro cdONV- !"t-t::E A 1'1U"ti.A. OF rACI ~VaJD A 'n.£A-~tJA6L£ IJWI!A 01=' 17f€ f;.K£.S\G((£ o~ WE:P-Y EJ..£11!- . EI.J r of ·rf{t or;:{fiE~_ -

!r

. llfJ.ArBI... .4~vttrs HJX A<:TVAL- ruNv~£11CE Ci.A:C,_, AS FAlTV,4L ,rtofhie;e:c)Jee AI VI 0'-ILy L£(j/K ·n.JSA~'""!'SH£Nr .:Cf4fiJoe£MCE,uf..IVt::.7J.. THe Jnt:2 G.VI(j~.n../5 I,S,·,f't:.-ll..~~~ 18S.L.. Ed, J.d 1o 1q; :J,.0/3 UrS,i...cX'.rS 4 q.bS.' 12..elA'(ot[S cLA:fm LEr!5· ff~rh Cll.b55 inft! rHR€SJSHOL0 IIJI'o r=eot::{l~}- CCollr5, FAr:L{)t1.... ro 'rre"fl{ P~TJ:T~IJE. R.S CI.ArM _LN NCS reiJ~L l.f~(364S COtlfJt/~ fJeTrJ:of~ WVCIL 0 /J.£S::ULT rt-r A FV~OCfl'lf:IJIAL rJ~r:£cAttiJ.Cf:4t (J~ :f£1~r.r.cc~ US, VSJ · SAiilOEI1.S, I 5:'./- f, &I 3o;a (r:;Dl:. cPI.., t#t!!J li£X!utAS c.t:111.J'P5~'-IS·aCJJ, A "$TArt ,Pil:J6puetl. 's c.LA1=111 711-/t'f.aalJEACL nl 'StJilk/ll bF /-lr:-5 $'/.ATC CON~atral CAtJNe;r 6e ftrr!J..Ly· CH/:fR.AcHTl£fJ..r;!!8) A6 ~(,lrffCfi:Nr 711 j.{A(/e L.££D A /lAT1:()NAL TitrE(. ef Ftr::TS r<J..F~ND Gvrcr f£fi711D A ~8-\S'bf.JA&£ Det:Jtr r6 C~t$1-Jr'ZA&.£ :t:ll. FEfJ£fiAL. HAt!£~ , • R II• .J,.. PIJ.t)c£c.v.rFJr. ·" ..,.,.." ,•'~, ~ .. ..·\'. ....(Jif.r"~ . ..., • ' ·.

... ~· •r. • ~- , . \ ~ .,

G n..wND rwv1 rH~FFJcaV£ -As~~ra~ tJF c.ovNSfL

~r:frAf.lc£ •

r-He s/:l:C-J(D c.ovnr f'IF-APIIE1tl.5 NO'e/t 6120V4HI uP ftEcA-rtllS CI..A"C"" (Jr t:FS.c,:=Prca:v6" oF CIJcJJjsaJ c.eu,-rt;J2.. et.£Aa.c.y- -s no~o :THe FePE/llil. CA/tJ:rs nur THE (A eO PA}. L:pniT1+ T'rr::N; ·· . M:o IJtJr API't..Y 7"rJ ~:t5 <?ASt; ~ P..e-sfJar me A£ffira2.. Sf./(;t(.G vMro -rff1!5 Nl1r.£t::rV:fi!LE c.~ 11/f: FOU/:MU:D~ ~ . iH ;11;\-tl:fi:li£2. ~IJYA;J I 13"l s:~ <..T; 13(;q; ~~ vr.sruc::r c.ovo.r ,>f1.1"a1) Par~ nsm.+reS /fA~ CLAX:i'11 Dr :CfJfFf.Fer.IV£ A1;"!i."C"5TJFICE PF //I.OJI._ . e~.nJSel-1 IUO:Ht.; "TffA"I Altl:Z, !VLe C/JpYJ, .PO«.. Ba&t-{:1.)JWA5 Al.l AOE:QuAfE A~f> Tf([)ep6;.JOBJr' S/Art LAW G)fi.c.t;No,"11J 6Aa R:Vfll..IJL .tlfr/.IEW Aro'J rW CAJSE 1.+1-t5 5~11 W e:JcQ.JG€ . 71t£ p!Lf;l:.£0()/l.AL OEfJ)t.;I.J 5XNCE Pe'SICONVCcrrct<J CCVI<SEL.~ ElJA.~ IJW 14fT MA-L-.x:r>'. A-5 CM~Se Ft?l PerAVI.r.~ ·me- u.5, C&OtJ:r oJt API'eA.S wtt "T'fe q1J'1;.c._r:tt,AA=J:~P'£DJC£1l:..r.J:o~tr,wA5 C;IJ.A~rf'o wKA.e vJ.I~ -s~ri'Z' LAk1 euams -()F ~JiffFtaJ:fle' MS":£~77ftUCe ~ TTJ;~:AL c.Po~<JSt::"L mvsr 1!£ ~eo :ell Al-i I"fi..ITCifL ~ CbUATlEtlAL · Pfl.OLEct:Jr~~ 1 ·A (J/J.cc£1Jvh,L 0£'fVLr W'.CLL .IJor ~( A F£l:JBML ,lfi{ Ml5 ca;ri~ ftlJJIYI ~ttrtt; l=#EFF=~kt:F e!U$YI7S t:F :t~~Al Cot.-LA'tfllAL- ~.FN6,:i l(ti& ftt:.liE -w~ pv _:__:_._k_liOcJJ.l~EL ·.;:14 r#AF · _ wks l£/.ieff't!LIM.

f;.}E"' snf.TE. 6.Att. tJF' TBfA5 .FOvJ</D QELA Tcts ewll.l A (l(Ja:JI TED avIIStL. ~IJ VJ4Jt.i1 "(l:(J('( Or seve:tifC 57J\T~ 1 S€£ DCH'c6C( .

IN O.££ATCI'-$ C4St" H:c6 l}f'fJtz'tlTW LCJrA<IS«. ,flrp f..ltCJI IJ..E!18{5CKJIJEl);(ClJ1... :LA/ 4 ·ZEUJ5 ·:\M4Y' /:JUI .ltLUweD P~Seu/~ To /WI OUL.Y Ger A ltYI!b114F/JL CMII.IZf1:<JH J>Lr A~ :Cf..i.E4/tt. rJ..~r;;R11ill<i ASY~. ~-r~ :Df(f!S A$ !'16¥ e:v.t0£~6"'1 ([yAr-.~s ~~~~e'J Aff€iS ~Jtcr:rAc. wu:r" Hlfe£1(5 c.PfLPtl3 II. tfiJ; Wlf!d-? :rs Tlfe !:JviJC,tneHr·t7~ CoNvrcn::Oif

1

6Y rH€. eorJilrtu 5-rA-7Vr£ uF P~FCH5£{')'':,TI(i(;"5 ().Ell.rotZ.. w~

1

Co~W.U:n:D tF rfl.£ WtJ:«.T/JfC~ :t'IJot:afo(~f cHrLD -&7~ P£#/16- STATvrt ~J.,II~jQJ. Wff:Uif IS w.mf A

·A rAfliSc Blrtzy: :TAOtCf#JCY wrf11 A OU-"t.D- c..c~TTCTi IS ~ v~Dtl!. P£ML SntwrE J.J, I}((L.l(;J,wif;rLH · t:S A 3tlllt>&r;·P.E€ Fez&fltY WlfrLH CA~ A ~EFJrf~ t~F ~ Ti?IIJ Yc5f~ 1 12(i.Arfl2 Wl5 4M A :ll.l!l;ALS'Or- . TE~ ;; F if yt::JIQ..s. . . · ·r#~~ t:S C~ vrctArccN tJf Pet~AL CbDr!. §31,1 01 TAWII'tllT;.J4 ·WIIH GflVt:12J'IrHct-fTAL Rtt::a.w • W#JXJJ :>TA"C't.s :

(a) A Pcti!Di Cllm mrrs -~·At fl~ref.B£ t:i:HE:

£1) la!cn.vrt-IC;LY 1114its A Ff.fL6 €WITLYn~,cR .4Crt:lt.A'ITON t1F; A ~OVt:IJ.NmBcJIA_Q.t:a71l!Jj (~) 1114~, ptJ.£ScJJr:s, brt v6f5 Ai~Y I{ELOIU) !}J«ffmeJr,.ptt. rt·f.C(</4 w-rrtf · 1-{f'lo_wtc..o~E .. 0~1'13 F~OY Df.. WJ:T1f 1lifE/ill flfAI 1I 6£ i7fKel4 AS A CifNUr~E 40v£1l.J4fl'litl/f'M- 'il.aptlDj

·ttl€ F'€OcrlAL CootLr :£'5 :Cili €il.f!.OtJ.., ~y PlACZIJ4 A FAVLSe Pfi.JAL et;tJ€ ~ i)/,1/ ({{.(!(A ~e~M C.tmfiffiT£5 Art oFFBI:Sc :n:, i-14TH. 4 O.f.UD YWJtttd nt£1{. (} YelillS Ot: /i41i, Wl-ltfH€ 'fllff Cfln.D :CS· ()~ 5~ oiJ OPPOS!T£ Se:Y{ . ,. .

ln t:-1'/<.;AC;;ES :t.-N Sea(VA-L &tffJKT WITH IHf <-·1-fn.O ot.. CA$5€5 A Cl·fct.D TO ID44A(:..( P.f SCYO- 4L cci-J·rAc.r; . . .

OE/4r~Ct m40E AN r:NVfJLitJfA~Yj vi.I/GJowLY Pc..OI TQ 1 PEi<IJlt 5'rl(rvr~ §Jt, II (Jt.){).J, w:Erff me rMra.rrr ~P 1ri1.0V5 ~ orl C; QAitFY n-It! 56t'UAL DCS:ctl.E: oF A iJY -P1::1l.SCJN"

'FI-I~ reo~n.Al- Ct1C1¥LI :t=~ AL50 !'.~ €.11/lP/l.. ·fbV C::lA-~~.Lf'!~G .ftt:L.4nat.. M; Ptf4ALTTES f(?tL IJ.E AM~ (-H~fitiUAL /=EL(}J4Y (lrrt~Dtt<J PeNAL ~O€§ l"t4i, !VkUi-J r~ eLlt?NV$. 5e£ pEr(}(( Ct:~o1!J2y 2 G)(h) 1 w-HtZH srar~ 1t-ff" fOC..Wcv.ci<ki: · " ' r'Dt-C.ciPT AS VJt.ovr:.ptD 13Y ~_6S£Cr.t.OJ'.\ lc)(2) 1 ri== :cf. IS SHtlwA Of{ Ti-lt TtlJ:AC.. ~A Sel.olt([) - ()£l;»..Ef FfCUJfo{'( ff.fAI rtte Ot(-ft'(DANf'" ff.A-5 l>Ef~ OfJCE 10£f¢..£ uwvrcrED OF A /-ELa4Y, <014 c~wi/.LCTroN Ht Sf-IA(L .f!L '"NJ:Sf-IEO ret r:.casr A oe4a.Et ·ptf41#Y/ 1

_ Flfi1-IEIZ.,Pff.IAt (Obc~t~.4~ G.1..)Q). 1 5'1A~5 1 .

t'rF cr rs ~~t.?wJJ a.i n~e "(12.;tA( Or .4 sorit.:J'EIL ~UJffY PoJJr51-rAGL£ w 0e;q, S'E?t tJ.35.€c.J ntA·r ·-nK OCFeuDAt:~'f 11HA5 PIUOLOO~Ly Wi't~;':tAt\l...'9. (e-JlVCCfi.:D .· · _ ..

0

VIC.>VS F'fl.ON\) co~v:rcr.J47TJ J:S FOt AN Pf'F=£11S£ rttAT F fk/c? ,ee-LOJ.II:t5,A~V 11fe 'SecOIJO I'~E- p IJ.fl!iov.s C1JI-h'~cr£o HJlv£1J <-:> 8£CPtn€ P.CuAc.. 1i ' oc~ulli2.£D 5U6St"GW Eflr n1 rtf£ r~t2.sr PLIIJt'SWt:b All A ScGOIJf> DKGtJ..Et- FEt.oUY.JI '(). ccu_v~<.T:i?fl THe OEP&IDANI i'HALL l!>t'

. ·m ~i!DcllciD,"ff.J~ OJ;Uroa_ WA.'S F()ll.<£0 Cdl!l Al-l U~~tJW.CtC; ,ri~VOCIHOHt.Y flLt'A 4<;11..E€tn~f<{l,

?-~ ~- .~n.. Msutrs 1 ~ t'teA 1 !F me Oa:Ei/VAU\ £~ A ~1/.rtJY fiLe+ wJ+:cL£ co~ rr~urt44 ro ft-:b~lll 1-f:CS (;~ t..f~:LN"t<e:NC€"J Tt£N /f-ft; PlEA :CS O~LV CO~~XfVTrOt-J'ALt.Y A~L£~rA6L.t '(F' rt-tt:l2.€ r~ 5/WM::) EVCI]~ 0~ 4V.t:"L(, fOP.,, _ A fJLE"A (.Q ~ VALl={) tAli AIJt'C~vATt ff..CJV/fL .

PJAS'J..S NffOS TO 6t t;;"$1rt:'JL~SAED e'f~Jl-Y RJ{t_ .n+tf €LE(J1(AJ5 oFlffe $1/(J SANT't"!.£ Cnr~~t.rNAL : oF'FE.AS£, u.s. vs, vef4nht.A-02.0ec.. 1 )5~ _F. :3J 65d?l; u.s. vs. ~oArn<sr4~16 r. ~d t-tq'l.it.fC!q· _ ·t#'lrfl£ (!.}(<( 6e #0 fACTVAl 6A5IS ASIA6U:91£D Wf{t:f<J !J r: f( f)CCitntrfr_c~~v~ru Ptv:r:-s~. SfC PIJ~J~t:Of.t A ~0 (lfLQ€ll. 1 (J£ fWA(.. JUJX,mt74ft LA'SI fAI!ACj .. wi-\JXft 71 Ale~.a~~ f"t.~(.t;; c'f=~ ~I1[E A§llt=~O rp MtZVEifr,_RvPAj:'t<I:A" (()tii(T.$"-PAfJD 'THC ffA6IrfiAL .· CtJvtJI/ u.s, vs, rv Nl'lf~~ .6<l (, u i tJJ-1' .,~w£nc, ntva:rvPt.:a::trY) .

ALFOJUJ ~·rvf€·4v.c.LT'( f'LJ;A rs ()(!:CLTY PlEA :r~ AlL fYJtT£(L}CAL ()..(;Speers, ·rl-\:' DUFEtteJil<:e- 6efwe:~fl. A I'\ ttc.~ ~rvM: Gvr:crv t'lf"A Al'(o A PLE~. oP /.Jt)'-0 eo".m~l-1~ E. 1"14 . u~:cr~o s n~re:-5 1 vs, HAI{£..4~ 1 J5;::; 3d tf<,, rao, ./ .r·rr >"'I ..._..A < cE .THe' 5'TAT~ A FFB/..11?5 ffUrf J"fi€.'Cd..l:'S NO FACWJ!fL. f!:JA~~ FOil. ,_~,. ' ~ 1 n.-rt:=s ~e;PCHSE ·~ A po L'Lc/..<"To~ FulL l!v1I.1T <JF rllfY!:JEA-~(_"¥JfLPUS, fy. 4. Lrl4£ (13) 1 $/,4n3t~S '1-fvwe:lle'll .4 c; urclr (JL,fP. :CS '~ortle 11 t:::VCf)Ei'U fV SVPPOILI A Cl71lVIXT/9fi, (l.f!s- ~5 co~fl6ttY 1<1 FEDtaAL Lk~ F£o,r<,ctcn·n,f1wc. U(f), ell'!;. tiS", nn-ltrrfJ~ 1 6~ t:JA 10:::1.

r1 -~ , FvltiM€'12.. 1 :ri.l $11~\t~ IEPU( I9 OEF'UlDANTS mqr:wl! FOIL AVN7.Wr/17U'r OF CtJvHS~L Scc;n:,'fn.tta.£ cs1-4& 61.t0ei-li::lf ro (3e- IEST€0!' P4. out::. . __ "ff#Cilt: 1-.IE:IIQ. .~'5 ANV er/J:08JCE TO 5f.JOIV tQezArt;d- 6/E/2. CCJ111/IIJ:r/3J Af<Y CU/11~.

~ eDJ.\'S'Jinrrro!-1 a£()l()J:lU:S THAI A ~0/~r's PI.£A .~€ mJrO£ .Vf;JLV~TA~rLY1 AaATOIL$ PttA OF 4UJ:(...1Y WAS NtJ VOLUNTA~Y" .b£dt0$~ ()F fJtl.06E"CUTQn.A<_ i11:CSCO..SDc.t:T; fJV Tft~Cl\T.OSOS'<) UlAW'fl t.vXfff )O YIL~. To LIFe .CS'EI'IT6((£ <4QD A~ A H!&ru,t\L .F£CoL'{ r:F R££Aro/l... PJ:O /Jot- f'trA . , CJtJ.U.TY, t> RAO'f ,vs, (), S, :]l} U, S, 9'-tJ.. , =76o, ~ott.'s ~urt.TY PL£A ~A~ Xi-\W~r'-l i'M.Y 6ec~W5E . UYrrtnt wAs f~Dt.CEO ~use Cr Cfl.et(W) A {(J~D1=/11t'NP~L MJ:LAAMA4€ p~ .7LI5 ·iJ::E fJIWS-

. avr:co~ AL :~nr::.sCi:JF-{I)()Cf r; e_IUJ , - - . 1 .

JIJ>JIS' n~ettf fOa£ nte pru:;~e . 5ccvrort5 f?,()fY :rA A co..~~MAL P!Lf:J5Eev f;rl:?"' rs ro seer<.

6 ~mfJIUJP82. ~U"'(~Q.. '$"flOVL.o PltOSf:Cl/tE wm.f t;:.AI2..1·H~~TNeS'S A~W VLGOI'l/'

1

bfrr. lf/Aif MoT vs 68Lt;EA. vs~ us; ~'lis u.s, 18 , r§r;.f-t~os CALcu0TEO 7?J .PflDouce: A WILo~~r:vL ccNva::rJi:>f.f, ~ (re¥. cooe (.(lXY11, PllCC, Aflf' §I ,151 Rt'filur:.rle;S THAI Tf.fe )filTE:..gPF£~ SvFF_IZJI:Btr fJrto_F:

.fo SVPfi«<tlf Al4Y JY~;??E'#f f!A5£D ON {4 <;;V.CLTY ()~ fJIJLC COJ.(TEM1)02.c PLeA TtJ A Fet.o~ Y (AS€ TfU£0 &fFot!E 7ff'E C.bO/tT, · rH. iUums atost: rtffil.C pjtlJevrot.)JC~ .44A:cNsT. ff:rrn wHA-r -so &a.

1 ,ALt. ,'ILc.ttr,A-

rtous P(c~t~ t;J.S. Tff£S wd:Cf OP dllt# Dki11/¥S C.Ai~ ~C S"vh'51ArJtttcl) 6Y life CC01tl ftLAff.C.fJr(Yf5 .,i,IJD CtMlf t2..£U;ft1)5. (lfLAfOfl.. brlr6 17t:,q.rt1) O:r:saNe'll:f :C~ T~S ~U:J:;{E/)IJL f /2.0LCE'DI~C,5; .A Flat ftt.'f~t<ft; f-o~J;A ~~S~~~i£1'Z-Y;, lt.E''-A~~.A~/1~~- fl:f.rl!'_~l:,_g n7 ctc:-'f'f!.f.

,R£rLY 8J '?A't.b/l~ue-t;;r, 1e(; EVH't~~j 1 /t17V..·ItH!.. HA6-SrtJt:.€"-·PruFIJ . A·FOt1Jtlft ~11?Pl.Arf)r Tt? TJ-1{ 'Srt.trt= 6A~ t?F ~~AS; WHUC-l cc..Assrf£'EO .-f!W C,llrVct-1(£ .45 A c.Qm(JLArur.'SEE Eln"'~arr_ , .

. R.E"CA!oiLS CL/.\'J;fl't trlby 'SITU.. f!J~ fteV.t:EWW ..Tkl rrtt:'5 Cl7LLA\€"12A-L PJ!OC.Er=O'LN<is tr .t-It Ci.l-~ t5tr~LI5H TlfA"l ·rn~ C.O!~ST:tiUfWHAL t;ttfJ.,(Jf{ ;Ct.f U'CS P?FA COLLOQ.fi'(Jt£HA~ P/l.~~4lll¥ . i.~SUL"rrO HI Tf/€ (0(.4 vr:cr.roo o~ ()t4f WI-IO r~ Aa:'VALL-Y J:)J Noa::~r/ 1 1'1V~;t#N vs. c:AU rEQ.

1

LR 6, IO(.. s.cr. A·r ~"qq. _ t~t-1 P~t3\ Tf-f~ ofT~ F:C~4L JVD~I1'1!'NI sec, 1I os;scussrou t 451 t?n Fq(lfl trf.Se5 1ntE te-Q{Q.~L(.~v~S_._cciJtti"VS~ ~Pm:m#ttt .c,<HJtk7r-csn::l3L"Cs-IJ A co~~CC.Tro"' 6E(WE€N rAt Of'f-trAL.

1

C'l= A Fd..E£ S".L:j\f£"'" <..ovn:r fJ.e'a;fLDS ,4-f.CO il'tA~SCittP:f~ .AN() firS A~;r:L:tJYf{;l r.J:"L£ Tff( F£C£1J.M__ PETTIJD~ .• n-te'IU "t:S 1..Jo lt(6'lV.J:t2-f1?1e'c4l.V!'40tll. et:"(~ SlATe tJR. FCDO'tA<- U.w (ffA'f A H~()CAS Pert:r-roHa£ F.LLf" Tffe _5TA-re--eou n..T_ ric-cotttJ :r.iJ A #A ~r:~ Ge&l.P<Y-> tJ~ueoJ:U4 1-lot. ooe-s A · Pltr"f.)oHQ../VrVC A Co~STITVfl(JHAL {l:.tCJ HI 147 fJ. F(ttt Coflrt:5 or:: fl..t:c.t;rLOS tJR. aA~1CIU:Ifl' foP-Wt (l(){),Pf/Se (){: Pllf'PAttt~ A COLL~TCI2Al 14--rTAU<. UK f.\:C:S c.oHVr:.LTTO ~OR. 5tHI£cJC::e~'

ro me- co~lll.AILY ~

1 retJea.A<.- Covtl:rS oe-o:s-ro~ be"\~ wAS AAbl:le.MtY MIIJ tf!IJ.Of'f"%{)5, 9 ~ llCD fllor ADtavATeLv c.oJ.C$COt72.. I~ 'CI' De"llft/n.tt-lAWf.l 1 wHet'He' fHC 5'fA\t Co()ll;r AF~Otl.tJ£1) llf"c...~lt ltV[ fif"C.eS5.Aft.Y FACI"t.:t:n:5 ,4-t.S.f) foil.. 5\JflfJortr ,rf?trr~O..A-L FA-(..15 AA:t:SC'O Z:# c~wt' ~' 54Gl)H; OfLWI-te'ilfefliOC STAn; <ort\ 9AV!" JlEt.JI,;fo"'--. A r=vLL AUO f'J.\Pt O(J(l0/J:NI:Ct4Y r() Ltrr- 4Aie tn:~ ~f"5VE5 ttM:-Seo, ~~-sq(n).jj) 1 w~~ THf rnea:.r;T:S ot" ;f.(£ FJ.k:rvAL o:t:5Pllle QlEJt.Ffl.t"-5- t~uiED :CN fttf 1rA"t"e ccvrtro (w\lii:c:.~ n~V Wf32£ ~or), THe' FEOtt!AL. A 141) Slt.\n:; ~ D:S:O I/1:0£.41C R.t"(Atvll.S OVEf'/loCBS ll.U',Hi 1:f4 1Htt2£ Offe{tWt:t:I-\Ar.:ro~ w.tr1-f ovr 4rv.r:t-H~ afl.ATOIL THe P.c~s- pc (Of.\$Ib£ftAI.rON A5 Q~Q.<J.tiLEf) 6'1 LAW TO ~eE· t:F We ~'ltJ.Te 6ovtll AFftJtlOE() /{!M .rfft: .H~<XSS p.(IL'f FAC.:Ct.r::rr:£5. AHD PflO(.cDtJTlf5 RJtl AND Aoe-txvATE" J:"f.lQIJI:IlY TO Dt?/f3_0~ AND fotl.. ~utJIJtJil:r /t:C:S tnATettAt.. fAcrs ..R,~4~l;;!>. ·~~~:-'<:!.uu;m.

~VLt4:>, D"rSWVED-'1 1 4«bl~l=e1Jf'IIA(.ItVLB &FA(J'P?.LLATF.Pn.cc. ltLJLt-s ').6-3"11 /w/nfO~Zt-s ·ft4e' ~tbct To P.erxve;r ,.WD t/f.CUZL: _DJ:5C() velt.Y. F40:l.rf'.F t:5 A f4 D (J llDceD v lf~ F0/2.. Aiii A-f>c<S:!v - Art5 IRq U'IftY1rrt ()ftotll To Dt-li&UJfJ Al.CO 1ol!.. $uP Po r11 x~sue~ ll.A:r:-s-r:D r J.) Ht:<S CLAIWl, 1-10~ BIBL; , ItS ,-Powt"l..fUU.-y Al~:tlrCUlA1FO :nJ 3Cllf ~S, ]OJ .n, / 111(£ Vt:~C(J(/tll-'f, #IAV ~A_ Af1P~f]/1.:I:A!C _C?A~t:~1A~f) . ~I( Ot(I(LOPid(; f4t'f~ Nec;:ec;.1"At!Y. ro OEC!OE W#t7f/E/l. ro OfJ..D~7LAII. t:.vrDtlilt1.Y#t;Afi.J:-ifC, OR:.

To (M~r "[fie WO-rT FfJC-loei/rf.{C, t:flrDt:#nt'/Ht7r.rlJ:(~C;. IJ IK W#€/L£ >tJ,t;e.r{rc AQte3ATWf-f$ &:F<)flE CIJ(J/L/ 1>H-ow k"P~t?rl./ ro ~Lt./£~ n+tlr" n-fE .Pet:ro'l(jJc(C( mAy £F TRE FI!LT.S. AU ~(JLLy Dttii:.L.oPeD 16E AC>C£ TfJ-0€117o£cl~itl.Art Tfflfr 1-fE:;:.xs CoiJP.C FJef} J:lLt-z;_,pu..y Ar..ro :!S THed.E·roll£ ~L£0 1tl ~r: t r:.r' L5 71-f£ DLirt OF Iff£ COll!l:r Tifi P0>vrpE TYcNECESS"- A~'/ FRC:Ct.tn::c5 1f~O l"ttOCEl)Ui2..C3 FoiL AIJ AOEQuAiC .tNQ.VIILy; :Svct+ PJUJ.IEAE?..Cti D.r:sc- (f?VO-'f cs Apv'DC.41e1> f!?Y WA~Nat VS. U.$, 141(3 F,'J.d ,./8 • {.21 ..

4

FumettW/Qill!, r~ rvw~SQfP VSI 5.4-rf{, :31~ u.s, ~1"3 t ~31'( I 8'3 secT; ?-45, ~~ 'SiJ'!ft:rrte ~ooa.:r Arr:rrumro n+At p_re,_A'rrJi m~l 13t" <:;tv't:l( THE" ot¥>ofl..n;;.{rr'f rc I'A.e5f?('fr or«at.

rcsr.cwtac<er AL, ,4NO oa:omc1-!fMLY evr::ot:FIC"e (lELe-vAt.rr ro OI:S.PIJf£0 ~s~vt:s,

i:H c.owC(.v~;t;ot-( i rA-e ~ CDoa- CAN If,€ FAUI.I£0 1 !Jr:t..N'f>E -'I-I£Y A~v~t]) .iffaA.

O:t.SC/Ui)n.\ ov ~a...:c'~ f'? .ADJUDn:.~:n~ 12.£:-u~n)les ~ t,vtt.Cf Af'f'L;CLIIrr:fiJU .6'1 IJEG.v~ Or: ~M-V, WP1-4 P-E'5PB:T .Tfl 1LvL£l6l Sr.y, J:l.f fl:t:S4;;f./C:1ZV cc-r.s-S~l>t~AIIOH 1 AAO At'-'l"t..a:A~l£ flVLt5 t:f.J 1lfE FEPE"ML. tl..Ll£.S dJF Af'rELLAT£ t'IU;)C..EOU;t£5 (_i6- .37) WflrCr4 /-)U' ci.CAI'l LY E"STA6~ L:t:Stf£0 1:~ .,-~ Het.DP44S' f/F Tlfc SvfJR..&J7/!' Ci7VIl.r SPC(t:F.f<ALLY1 rH£ FEOtfl.A-<- C..tv.(T o·ro f.lcT A 0€ti2UA lFLV cous:r:DE(( .71ftfr ·~B~K ~W ll.tU~f(( ~f-it?GiLD HIW£ 13W 4r:vt::74 · flit! o"Po1211.JJit:f'f lo PltfScm "fC'Stri1/Jt-rrltL AN"_9 Dt?CUi11E~AKY cvr.ott-~~1: KrUEV4f.fr To · b(.)S?VfEO "CSSUt:5. Q-"tN/NSONO _LIS', 5A~): ft-tA1 P-W\Wil WAS e-~r£.@) rr; A~ Olt't'll.W m;:ry 1b t'lFfC~ P~ It? '5C/t1PCJIZ.I OfL i)S/EWP ALL:J:4Artit'~S tlA:C1tD r~ f.fe5 WIL"Cr Af/IJLJ:CkflONJ &t005t llfC jft,fTt5 tDCJIU"' O~c\ll::C:c) ftrllfrott AK ADeQ()}cr€" IJPPl:Jfltvf.J~rY ro Dt;"Wt-o~ AN"D L.C"r.U,M'F l-fr5 (l;l('(fll..OVE:"ItT€'0 t:''S.SVE5 ltACScD ·-c~t tf.r;s CLAr:rrt; HA.C~S V5, KeiJHelt j AHD Ft:HAU..Y ,11f{ Fe/){/}AL CCuiLI cAf! (!IE" FML:rEO .FoiL :L4NotLC~ t2.ELA fOil<;

D~PtJrrc PLt:A-5 fpll.. or;sc-ove7LY1 8/:a!()~€ (U:l..Aiolt.. D)·:rAeM~aAI"€"0 1 -c'(D!"4£siT;" -AiJO f1Pt0 NO L"4AL rtlAn.fr:~ ott~JCPc7l"Caf(£ Ai-\0 :fl{€ :C~(()(lhf~·c/IOA A~D t:J&OtifCE C!Q<J£,0 t-{<i 6~ tJ6T7fJ:f-f€0 CM t.H-4Y on-fft. W~V, THe l)r:-SU7fle1L'(.I.£GVCSTC.-o w~ ULc(£t.fl1 ltJ l>t(8/..AL 1 AAD ~5 #(Jr O"CFFTCULr ltJ ~enftvC:. 1 /110'51 Or r:.r i.w{S ,t.\-(UADV: C~ THe Srten! ;:rc.c-s.

,, .

. ~- ,, . .-· ~ c:: n•\reo () fl lO n·tf PQ.DSfX..tlt!iol.( F'f=l£1) A Ot;FECTrVE CHAit;.r("4 .r:f.fg-/1£/f!E~. THC.-..fitlffe, .J '\r_ ~ p~el eu,m- (JF- -sr11tfES ~E)PONSc ro Af'PLW-\rt:a~. FtM. ~()FIIIff31!JrSuJtPV6~ .' 1-fAc IN Drc.r,nerfr TffetC r~ No t:ttll.oQ.. rP T:nfJJL rmc#r! :fo r«e CoKTA-tey l{el-/frWr2'5 UuRr Af'tHn::rHe'D CPVI$CL PrtJ FJ:Lt" A tnof'Lofof T(l SG()A~H ~~o.r:rmE#T $Yt=' 6sAI'03.t::'r'.

5t<:n:o" lll: fJF PAC;.E(~J Twt:J De'r11C/</5Tf<..AT<25 HoW' lffi1~J:4l)(J()5 Al\{f) VA<:;UE r~DJZI;?ft:7cfr ·rs AI(D #tlw rtJJ0£5 HOT ~1:v/::- OEFe.t Oif~T <$(JFF'CC..I£NI i«Jrre£, r:T GilES 01\( tO fficf)l.Arf.J ntAI ltf:CATOtl. NLfA:IL .t~w··mfm .~lfP.124c Ttl PER./lE/11( A OEf:E£/C.c RJR ,. ~.it:cCf.4flt:Ln;-teift-IJti ntR.:~t "13 J~Cfr?)(, l'Nor<.:rme-#; <:.lftHLC,rJJc;, 4 S~NC:.Lt::: pfF6r.t~r= eN o.crffd...B-lr aJc;IJ~ 4d.t= mvL.rc,PLur:rovs ~ ~1f)f'L$ ~ND~r!11fTf{r HA-5 (tl) t't..Evt:'-' t:CcJNT5 f(WrYI .4 ~;.(4:J::L_ ALL~ ACr, ,U .. S, vs-, ~H~ 1 all F. 3d 66B,Gt3; mvtrr:~ S"'el'/re-(.{ee5 FOd. A-sr~LE ~Ft:B-'St :C'S .C...C V.W£.A.rroN _(?F rf.fe. Ot?V'f>LE .7EOP*'fiDY CL4VS~. Itt vcrcf'LCCCTY .Of?~ Nor e;y·r:~rl:F .cAC.H (0(1#-1\ ()F THe rNDJZrPf~f'll CA-LLS Fllll. FAffu-· ! AL f.IIUJoF= ntAr JZ...E'Qv.r-tl£5 13'1 rue orne-fl covr~rs .. ~f<oun..~cfl.. ~X:, u.s .. ~gq u,.s .. ;;.qqi 'J04; TlfSr ~ Nt:Jr4-111(1u;.rCPL'ca:Jf'OU!; :Cff0UirYit::'7<11 rs IN1feTT.fift1.. ~4C.I-1 P/J.bc/.P5Ii?({ IQF f1.f~5ri+Tofl.Y CODe O~OeQ..WU..:rGf Dt"-Fe-#DANriS ~E't:NC:, CUI(IU,€"0] {2.(;1;}.1JC'I2..e-S P(U;;oFOPA Fti/C.J:Wf-I'!Z.H rl.f€. Crf.{fnS Does Uor. see f!JUJcKIJulG~ .. :,·£C ALSb &,Ailllefl i/S, U,$, lf":J-1 U,$, 9723 1 -;;~qJ t;(OC#hUR.- ~t72. ~TF~ A fl.{)Ll:: OF ~Q.~IVTTiav C.O#ST/LlX.TtCU 1 tU7r A C(l(i5ITTVT'LpJJAL. A1-:1;2~1J..t:.71'1t:Nfi SP NfJ _1}11/Crr:PU:aTV ·~at-A~ :fl.Cre"~i OF C.O#G,Il.~~ :t:S t'Tc~ CflEI!Te 1'11{1/.:r.Cit.£ Pf/Jir:<;;f..l/'ll~f<fr FPR... S4vxe- Acr5• rF 'Tl-fe' :I:H"DrcrJ1'EUr Ot:VCOB .A '5etU:es OF S~t:LA/1.. Q FfC.(;(~c'S :CNT?? 'SEVI:7JA.C... Cbo~ W meET -rt-fe- Jl/R:C~DIL'iTO«AL f!£"121/C/1..E:f11f'f./r5 tlF TU€"' ~~.4(((4£::-""'$7 ff~~rC,tt) LOHQ 4S ffff' o·wrs·rc(-4 rliro c...ouHr~ .rs LO<;·.IZ.4L.. 4»D 64s~o ~w OJ:5rr#i rtw~ MXoD'S' ot... Lto\-n:llw~. u.S, vS.TI\fJrt,6rrF.-1d 5"3'3fij~.

llrl.4rell!. :]:14(JJ;CTTI11£Ur ClfA/l4e5Vf) l:UVF# ~HrS ;Wif!Z.H SltPOS"'COt:"-rY Plt:f7UlED Ofl S'f.\Ute' DAY. V ~t; •. v~, LE"FTE'-JA\.\fj 34'1 F.. 3d '13613q '+-48j ().,$, V<;, ~LLEQ...,Sf{p F,Jcj. ?J.81~·] /(fr.JEcm, .?bo'1.) (ptQ CUilXAI11] :ruourme-ur IU?5()Lr.r;f.(4 ~U :I.. SefJA-ttAIE COICCIU:{T()IfS FDfL 14/UJ.Jri./G, fJVQ POLU£ tJFFU€f2.. "CA fYit:JWtl Vl=f.lt<.t..E inVtrJ:PLt.erroo.s b~~E' CfU;fiiiE /J..f50LTFO FiWm ~Afnc,~ua::oEtsrr; SCcA<..~ ·(J.s, vs, P!trl't!fa..,soe F,3c:J 4.f"l41Lf'-Wf o..s, IIS,tJJ6t.7lniCI~' /;Ole F. 'JJ. ~l.f] 1q6f; .

Howeut"12., tve-M XF A ~Tllt'VIF ~:mes _l'twt::JF PF DFFr{d..cNr F~ Pll rn FMt.., CbCII2.'B WC(.L ()Fiell COH$"COCI1.. I{OD.Cry::'ONA£... £V':tOel~Ct fO Ocrat.m~U€,w{ft:'Tfftl1.. .rue-

LR;l='S

e

(Arotti 1:(\JfB.{Of"'O 7lJ PlltJf/'CO .Fort /?f(lf.:.t:I;YJI.£ PIIIJ'C5Uit1el<Jr5, v,S, l'_:;,_t::£Q..L~ S't-it./ F. 3c:J 1'9-~ 1 f)-Cf.• r:Nou·rin£?'~1 111VL'CTI'Pt.:t:C..:Crf7rJS .~~C. /4;'1£ ()'F (CN'CIY l'l.£61vr:t.c$ covn:r lq C#1l::'Jtf >ll:l'r 5rA-rCif"E' TO FAt;r;;tt OE'ttt'fOANI w-lf€l( 'S"TArtlr€" Am 6t4 Vt?cJS.: A-S 10, wifetft...::-d_ eou(illl35 Il(fEl'Oeo tn(ILTt"fll..EPVf4~wte"lfT:~eE r.O,art~,. see ik...'St' U,S, ILS,SHE4,.:J.fl (:,2J(;,5fj16?3, . w~ MVL.. n::Pt..:cCUY Ct"WfnCS PrPP1Ut,.£tJI 6EFflfl£ rf1J4~-L t rtf£. CbOJlr i'?AY t71tbt:e., rne-

.c;oliEal'4me-(.ll TO C.HOd15'E Tffe COVI.tr CN W#:!Ut~ ,rr WJ:"LL <tui-4-rp.\Uf:-AF-!V f?..:tS~£3$ .nf£ flt-111~ IFf4 Cbclt-tTS,s~ etg'; o~~- .vs-,. rn_f7C..nJAtte5 17«J F. :J.d. ~Lf/-,,~3-.n. 1J [I 0!- cr:a.., ;qeJ) .'

ttEtArofl. 1JcU IJor tt-s:-<6K. wAEVt:it gy FACL.r"4 ro CffAU;.~4c .TH£ mCILr:t:P-'-tLTOo1 ruo.ur- ~€l'-'r hEF<Jfl£ nttAL reo, ~UL£ c/1.:041, PRoet tabtrt..b) 1 o!):rerr-co~ l!>Areo oN oe-~s tu _!l-$ora-me-N'r m()ST r£ hJrr:.sc-o Pttr<Oil. ro Tttllt..., uls, ~. cf.f~CK.o '''1 t"CI'Jlt'ct.:rV: C(.4"Q-n CAH 'I!Je (!A-rrr or: P12£tnrAL lt@rt:<;J«f e?-·~ f11AOe Ar W.Wfl. ~j f,1d t'-l0,14'S-Lf".. @4..-

fl'tVU"'.1::fll::cc;r:TY O(J vet.:rrbU t.IOI 04fVED 1Jt:"'5Pc::Te' <;v;t:LTY ~(£1.\.,Wf-fe.l ~tJ APfJ~I!:ERr­ . C>N FAce' .OF :Ci.lat:crmff"Nr ott.ll&bflO,. 0"$ ~II'S.• /tlli....CN. 11 'ff/ F; 1d '981 8q~ /J.Cc.A:Tr:JfLFt=l.£lJ 1-U:s ("l(JJet.:T11?f.( rFt rne-lbWI ~ 1 tJnp'rrtJI.t. ~_Sti?t/.B:f.f rtt~f')rcrm&7ofr/~~ AlrUAL .;>JiO~('-l CoDe tl~ CJ1P11,flfloC. ,tfOL.tn!G,j ?ClC~ ..tHl ,A.L.L.e~A-'ft:'bt-l rs Ct?U."SJ:OeQ..tO 10 M THe OfF£ND4Ni o~ #Jtrrr.u; nte ue mvsr.t:>c f'n.f P~tneD.1fJ o..e-~po«D w Plla:JF" ~f.K!lWJ:Hq THf ALL~EO ACr pi{.Ac~ .ot= !.tt~f't.t.t"J:IA.L .P11:"S't.ot1Dt/cl_ ~<.(;tl.JlEb ovttncc; I(.(£ APt/ .c~ .(Af1L£ STATVfE fJFLrmrrArra.cs, nfllf"''A<i, il$~ Sf'Zff'E'1 ~3 s.w,.. ?d 6e6,{,'1J(j <:_/2j;;::,. . APP1I't~SJ;· srAULt" vs,. $rA'f£l1to sLw,~£~(ieJC', tf~>P, D~LLAS 1~), 5 :ec e-x~rtfr-L'

II

'fl.IC :J:t40"CQ-1neur . ~N t£-CA-w~ CA-$e .l:S tn{}(X·r;fpt.:ecrr(?C;lS A\'(0 Cl+A-tf4es }t.E'LA-..Vt.

\JrrH Oll E"LeiElt COuNTS f!lfa-iff ~LE ACr, AaAT17ft ~ ~HSv Wl+n:-J~- t:Dwr "SrA~ r'-' IE"J.t.DeO 11 - - /¥1.o5ecvrJI::;u ACc.vnig J'cfbS&AJT:f':, rNrn=-crmewr HA-~ lH) t:t.a6i c:.oe~uTS ntA-r AX?lllO~Kq ro ·1ft+1 ~ v.rot..4:f"E5 Dov6_~Pk(ft'. ~f11e" lr;:inC:,'St:f:. o,s, K, ?'lfCA,J.II _F.. '3d t;'SB,G?-3,, Atso CoNsrrrures A Jv~ CC!JvsE oF rr+e- lJt.i"L~o 5-TKTEs cor~%Tr.lfn7N ..T~f.:.C, U.s~ v~·, 'PJ-t~~&rj .?Bg~fJA~ ~EF~CI; o€1>0.Cil.:C~4 tf-f.C (DtAlJ O~.JliAJ:.s-i'J­ IffotLECI,SvPitA~ .fl.So "5"~ FOJ. R.vLE W'ffi:TE t~6'~ F, 1d -3-:;£-f, oi:'1

~ ()a=e;:L-r :C5 I.Jo-;:v~VEO 0'( P. ~u:CuY Pl£4 . CfLrmrllAL j(U)c, MiLE q£l?)(l)( 18 CJrS'.. c V5 vs. '_, 1\t.:rHt'JV<";,I-I $~IE'~ Fffa.tJ./1£ To 4Q~ t;'-..5nCIJTS OF"' t'FFCIJ-Se A-S R..EG.~Il.eD ~y STAWTE I~ 5vbd£cr- To fA.4r:vER. PttOV.Z:SJ:"OfJS .OF'STA-roc:t 12£Qv.z:-lt."I1'4 OCF61DAiJr'---Tf1 C/&.1Rr 10 P£R:cr ~ll ~tJffQ:rmeiiT 1>~ tb p~n::: of- ~L ~ fJe£ctCK-P5rT_!:J._ ,. ltt.cs f)C£~ 1-101 tXC.VSf- STAte: f?Ziilvrl PllOu:r~, A:CL EL.f#'7g.q-S {.F o~Kf.J"Ss st:c i..coe Cit.Pn. Pna:., 1 ,tti.~ _:;,,,.~~~ -~T4TF! vs•. ~ac4.., te<fS ~~ad 3o3, tlf.II!..BtfFdlO 9/(p .s,u..; id .6c..~r. , .LH r({e A 60Cie 1'11e61'f"WpEO ClfSe, U,.S ~ WH'CT't1 ~58 r, 1J -"37-lf; (f./e ~oVf.R..IJif"'n.lfS tv

1

f-£11..Sr {w/CI GllooK~ FOfJ.. wArv& r/AVE r~ ~ aJIJfeYr flf: A .Cf./IJrC..L.O.J~c rf.ft 'SVFFIZ.r- ENCY Of: AN ~1..torl.rf11Fii'r( 8fiN co~~+~flTLY UJcc..rco 15y Tf!C"S COGJni; "'l::fiS WC'-'-. 'f~e[) rrtlrr Tf.fc e#r~Y ~FA tfVCCfY PLEA .~ES .<{()i A'1 A{ A ~ (JF JVri:L-sDCC'f::Ii7t<r,4c DEFC:Cr-S SiJC ~ AS At! R<lb:tCrJ11£i((rl'lfe~s. ntrl.utl..E ro Cfff.ffl4c Ail tlFrEH.S€ AM£> TfiJ.('f T1fe' OEFB-«)Atfr .

.n1AV /I..Ar:S~ S LJCft FACLVII£ AI Af.JY'/rmc:' . .

~r:t.~·roR. HAS 5PEC~Fr£0 :f';., PM.,i:;(~}TfM.ec OF '\ll.D'-'HD (3).Tt11lr€ Of J:~VOUi-$TA;1..1f pLfp.~:..

Y11i:Nr; Pf.J 1-k::w -r::u~4fr CHA/l4rlfli A Sf"~(\(r AC..l~!o7rol4 l"'l-l DTFF~tf.fl LWI<'T5 Att.e- 111CJLI'r£P- t,!LI'T'OUS. sec tl~J4e 3 t>F3 oF1'RVCX.rf.I"Ri£y Pup~ At:;aeemEill. · · t~ £;tw1JO (6) Frllt" 1 N() c(li;Of"N"C:£"; ~"tAw /I Pe"l11ti#STIU(.(E/j 1 ~IW.II.:X::~4 &cmt:Nr.5 6EYcu A .1~8fScN ~ .AGl£ 00r;6;; .z:-#4 ~ P.e-;tJOIJ~C W At1J1L.'Cd.Tll?W Rl/L w-ur; o.'ff tt~t?il~ (:JJI'l.fliJS, 'THe- -i~lCC~IJre1JDS 1lfR\. 0~ ,~f"(/O) TE~ LINt(6lFIV£, ~~-rrl;,''rlie·V.CC:ftDr?S n·-s171-11CUY ALOUf" lc(ILD-Hitc.€ tCONI1:Xreo AtJ~UCAt.tr / p.£LA'fVI! 1: TtD:;s t-s co#JTitAily TlJ !TlJ,CF A~D F-1=-oci!AL LA~ v14TJBI.. nte ovcPIZO::esS C(AVSE t?F ntE Pr~flf Afffrf'(<((}flfeJ.tr, 11-1£ (J/JIJSO:.Vrr:c;# .J:~ /2..e'ai)J;¢.1;..'1) _'f<? f)/l()ciE 6tYVJIJ0 A /Je~S-

Ot.S.Ae:l:,.e {)Ou6T f?VC:1LY B.$11eqror:- -rnee-flt:;:W?€ .wr:TH WHJ:CH A DcltND4fJr,C? CI-1Ad4t:V. ~i'c l).J ;1£ W.CIJ5Itr:P,3'1t V,$.3Sflt 36q{/fY()Jjst£ .4LS() U,.S, liS. O'IJIJ.,teif~ 1'30 5.Cr; ~16t:/; ~I fl..{ {J.OitJ) (~·ffu4V:CSHt'U~ I!ETINCeN((t;7£/nelf(3 .()F 1-' Cft'(:rlfe' TlfAT tnCIST .6/: ClfAIU;,t"V 1="~ th( 'r;;t.fDicrtJ'?e-7.rr Af.\b (JikxJctt! Tf? A :JVP-Y /.!~)lrtlf<{,D A 12ct-¥)tOI.{AtjL£ 09<J6T'1 Ai-\D S'o./Tel<IC,t;IJ~ FICwtt.~ T'{JIIC4f.II;C .fl}f)Vi:.t:J It? A .1VD4E Ar SI:"M¢NCrf14 ,:3Y" A- PJlelr;#IOeRANC€ t>F Tlf€~oetifa£'!J, rf-lc W:C~'S'IIJ73 ~{YCI'o(ll':"'A -ltCASON4&£ /)()VI.!:it 11 ~U.Oiftt.D !lf1P~ ~I( 13ortf 'SIM"eAKC) Ft;f)£itA(_ t7!lPCavt:f.ctj5. $(.1£L£VA~ ,I/5.L4.; ~08 o.s,~r5,).78(1193j.llfe 51Atii>AtlD Pa.orE<::.rs r~ae:if.(rL--f'ltf!r; F:ctLsr; rr Pflbl~$ THe OCF£1'1D.fl'{r~ d:t382:fl/ .Cr.rrt]UST; tv.r:f..lt;fWI7$V"d4. t;;CUJU0 1 J;r PIJI!TeCr$ THe 0EFEf \IOI\r.4r f1U!P? rlfC 5rr::L)m~ OF C{;Jiri/:U:fr(Jil~ 1Cl. Tiffll() 1rr eNC.OVM4e:5 Ce>m111VfiC:iY,t:t/tffrDENCE . c~ ou;~/ofAL ,(AW 6Y 4~~4 rCot.JC/t£Tc sv~STAf.fccJJ ro rHe f1R£SoMPTTo/<l ,CJF" ~~H«EN'<£.Cd~ AI '3C3 _,4, . .rtoc-n:a. ~t:#fAib'U OPOQil. $a::]::"etY lffAI t:r~ FAfL W()fi.S£' 1(J wuvur Aki ,r-;Ji1txENit?1AN nttd Trl 1,-t"r ..t <;.vs;t..1Y tn4t.((,;o ~fleE,''f&.Ar'1n.fi!Af!...f.Amt:r;jt.o&J~uiJ..Il..r;~)# · · · ru.e- 6v/Wt1{ oF P/J()()F (of.I'SI::STS pr; 7WO PJ~; i(fe Ovll.{)e-tJ .ofl PlliJPVCTCON Ait/D .THC ~t.OC« OF .l'ellSVASt:'U, rtte PA-tTY 6t:lfdt:li4 TffC IJf)llD6t tlF IJIJ()iJUc.i-r:Pf;.(nf(l'{! fJP.J)D~E t;-~0~1-1 C:vt::Dt:IJCE ..To ~c.u;W A .FikiFP-IDt"'ll. ro OC(~tur;Je Tlflrl TffCFAcr rtt Gut<;rro/:1 C«.utllEO. Tt-ft PAtLTl/,WJ./0 fiTLsr Pl..e'JD~ nteen:sr£1/C€ t?Fif FAd- t~orVt;T:rfrl :c~vf!" v.Sv.4LLY lfAS r«e- /3~ ~FfJIW­ OIJcrw14.1bvr.rff:c:s.IJ"A.b6l cAASm;Fi FflU/1 t1Ke P/ftirt ro A6tt1(f(d'Z, r::.F A Plft'-rY FPrr:LS ro su~IAr(< :o-5 &~t.DCN oF ftlf)f)C?cr:toK,Ttflfr fAflY:~s S(lf'J:rt:.-crro lfll AovetJ...9f ttv~ lJY Tffe CCClll-1, Fo~ ~H5TANC£ TffF (J/U):StC..VTTorJ Hl6 7He IJVILOCtt VP~DvcrJ:l)N. el'd" /31t7lYClE711ef:lr . 0~ T«e 9YF~~ c cft~eo,. r.F iYe 4oCJ£ll,_;?'/M FA.tLS ro Pt1b(JCX.€ ~pp,rcr£1Ji et/CI)t'1/C£ Fpa.. IHWelbY/f~'iTHCtlriJ'f /o!or f.>fL[;:(44~("4 me rrtcr :p.Jtr;~CJe,iHCJVD4E mtl\Y.~C::r A, V€A.OJ:CT t:IJ rife ll=FCKVA~r'S fAVoft, ~E~ <4l:"N£12A4.Y L4-FA~~ a:fl:l;f1€{{if.l- L4w~ /,8{_tfCI! . ,,eJ.. Jbo~j (11'- lbd.jnPf:::.I£VmE1.(cEf§ :J](.p ~'gJ~~rtle:J.,:JtrJ'_j, P~/J1;1Ce;~ u?ucer)E'dtl;) .llfU..Wil.. _Holl AKY~R. OE?F#QMJT £;~ !U6F-t.Pf.i{I];CIEO t!:N '71-f~ ~s- ,rer;'fJ:IIIt~~vtu'orcre ~- cr , , co11-«7i05;

<#

Ftl/l1fl ~ fM:f {Jo) Ta( ,, L:t:~ q AHO tA ,,r~ 'Grlfi~. £OUNS£L~ Aov.c<e R'l P££XO ~IJQ.1'( .!).1 E:)f.O-fA~f Fell. tJ,.t;V£(4 ~.WAS rne {UfJULr (IF 11£A~Pl4A~(£.t7lrlfC._ <;~

11

1iiE ~~ c1r~ ..ror 6ec;A11" lo m.v. ro fllltlt£ ~E Kr:ao tJF U\~Tllum '5flJ.:reneN?S o~ 1.1111(Al t':S flll]:S iWI JloA~.S.N!:i.e ltlJ=At... <nLAfJZ;t7Y :nfar llELAW£~ Af'f'ai:ffrt,l) C.<X/Af5el<; r/lr.«.~ r~ OIL r<; IJor fllllL£"5~ ,5·/r~O Coelt«ft TOLO .PJJosCZVTT?Hf Wlltr Hi=<J TIUAL '5T/I.ftr.rc. y vw+<~y lfi'C-S SrAreflt.CI(( :J;S /lOLl uCO~CTectvtLf/ TffC 511(nr YI'IAte< TRBC SAine ~IIESS'C5 llf~Hwr ilfi<; ooaJI?1E'NT;.rr:o; S.r:m,q_Y 14(:Jt..O Pt.lrY tJOrFACT5' of! ~IJY ~it!) (II .

• H 111€ ~AJ11!' l'lt4£;l./o). TEJJ LA<;r flk;IJ:.~tzAPH,. Wlft:Cil 'E~tl-lro:a_y -:irA~ AB.Aio"-. l1IlJ Iii {JP!Jtl€- '1:/Jbf:~ a:rr;vc- 4S5:Z:'S1}( t.f Cl' ~ Wvf/S't "L 1 .117 /fl( UJifflljl,jt)/, flf€ 5~ /1EIIC CIJU,Z"[ I-f AS t!€eJ AN 4ciCJAL. Ot ct;usrtt.uc.v:v£ 0£1JIA<. CF AS'~~cC ()C eQrJilSEL AL!(J¢rfl€~. STitrO(i.Af.I01 46t ()."5, A1'~9~/'rtl ~Gi.tTArN 51:>CIH lt¥14£NDmD41 CONTEXTS, rR..eJVOrX...c IS PflESwn£0.. . ,4CltjAL ell.. eoN··srttvcrrv~ .O&Jrt+t ~I'{;SPSbfNCE OF CovNSEL A-LTJX;er#ell. 1=5 .L~.4U..Y P.ll.ES- ·u~e-o fV .Rl$VC("r~ 'MEJVOfCE. S'O Ito£ V4itn?US ~~NDS ot:' 5rnn(_t:NraFe'~EdC£ .·wr:nl L!PC~Iii}EL~ ~.C51}\f\.(€. se£ .vrf$ Srn"TCS VS, C:MNIC, Lf~ U.S. 1 rll ·65''11 A"O n.;JS1. 104 ~; C..C1 4T 1.0f-(6- "JoCfr1 tuu:f. n,~5, PA£JVPUE Xli nf6E CDtC£11?1-SIAiiiC£$ l=:S SO a=~t-Y. T{ftJr <t.Afe'"Ji$Y-C~t-6e :ri-I(W:l=~Y rt4ro !Pf(EJCII)IX€ r~ Nt1f woiliH m: c:ar; L(6-6 u,s.,Ftz.;t- B.S'i.,rot..l s.cn· 4rJP'If-~ f11CJil.£0'tJt=IJ. 1 SrlCH c.:r;IJ...(I.)tnSrft t.JCc.S rNrJ()LVE r:mPArt...marJS O{; ~ <Sr::mf· ArncNl)J11eNTS . RU/fr 1fftJ,I_f'tf(€ t::A1>Y "R7 f_De~s_JTW AfJ01 RJP... THA-r R.EA'SDN AND eezA·VSe ,-,e· Pll{}5eCt.fr. 11>14 IS f1.[1l.CC.fl.-.Y RJ% PtJN 9~6U, ~A-S V FrJit. rHe 4Jve:ti.H~CIII TfJ (}fl£V£i.Ir; ....

J3

Pt!AW" WUL. HoW' D'Cml:nsr(J)lr~ ifJc.v He WifS PA£iJZA)tzeO, ffl>!lo(lcJf U(trrccr.ctlt: .A~~'Ce CJr- a>e~4Sc.'L; cw#S(L pa.EO RfJ/1f8..0<JS /YIQfJlJ~ TlfAr ~E 0~ VCP-Y i-PI~RnWTf/!Prr:t:J/{ ~6 ·~ /l.EiAIOiLS t:ASC 1P ffC;'Ct' f)/b,t; /lel..tf(O£S ~AXEAICE, _ ···; . rN J;¥:..K.~tl .v!i"' v;;n..~:cNA, t:t9 ~•. a; :1 rfJ~ A F£DE7l.AL tt!fr6£A~ ·t:.t:?tlf1CX mt.N;r C.t?t~ ,__ oeP.. ttcr w•ier~Gi"L ~ ~ ANY ~DtlfCE TiJ ~~r r« ~'TAre- eovllr c.oNI/Lcr.r:ll14 ~··wr Wtft'Tl~ nrea.e -~ su~t:e.:.:c£Hr cv.mef(£ ro ~Y l't MrroHAc. rtLre< OF FACtS _· ·ro Frr• o 4t.ar ~deVONo 4 ~ ~ SI:E DJ R£ ~ttS'I~P, cro s·, cr; lOGe,· ml).. ~rrze: 5TtWA(l.l1 D€tiVOl£0 1l1f ()f''{:Nl()N &7Frflt COrJilr, tr.itfe CONS~ (JP..bf/[6"£'(6 "fH(: Cflrnt'CffAL C.Cf.lVICI::1:of.l OF Mf-f P£126ttK eft"CCPI 1/Pot·f fJ&::F tlF 4u~cr /5fYQ~ PA ~EASt:f.illf.!iE. txlvaT, C~ ·IJ.£ w.tHP5:JfrflrHff~- GM:ST.t:OH. :r;fl ~ CASE :1;5 Wl'-tAr ~At'(~ :t:-5 TO&. Ai'f'L.C€0 II{ A.- Ft()El2/:fL_tfAI!£A~ (.d.{JUS j?I20Ct:.:coi~ Wlfc..-'1{ rHe ~ .L'S ~~~E, ·miff A- I'I:A6tw #4!. ll£EJI WI<IVIcreD ·1r:u A- SlAT~ COVIJ..r VftJ#.I ~U~VFFJZ,J~0-11 ~e-~ I"U • ,.t.N CQ:I::AfCAJAL '-AW1, ~y No,~ ,6?1ll); r'-11 ~;A fJI!:ILS<J#-f CAf.IIIOT rHLVII..__ .nfe" LOSS tJFlJ::I!./flt.:ry F'Oit A~ ()~t; -w4UttX!r .t.(OfXc£ OF A- t1Jt:IH(Tf(4 FOI- CPI'dll.rc.JHl:TY TO (JEf$f.I.Dt.r:::F NO/ Tffe /J.a:iHT ·TV A ·nu:Ai- rr~aFj pQJ::SU1'/C -AS weLL nJ_.- A-. 'rfJ711-L WAN'r _()~ e~DEp/Ct:.- 7Tl 'SvPPOilT A- e_H;fl...-

4€ \IVU-L 'C.Cf{CLC.!D£ TffC G46€ "Cf.f rAt/Cil.. tlF !7fe A<:Lvs t::-"'Q, TI-le' lP'JAi_ WA-tl!l Or fJt!.O,J, Al!U: ~ O(mi#JsraA-1~ lff,V ~~ ~5 . AUI> -57"fl-( C5 · .

No £(/.l:l}li\lct: TO ffff{/8 ci'eil A~ leo. 7lli£4'['bfl:: J/}10I2i!LES5 't#br:cr ttrm. r '5 fli7t!..t" fff.t:fi CJ(S£ -sftJvLO t.~AW Nfi!c;a.. P:LDl FUEO A44C.tCsr llecAtd_, :te:C aou~~ v~~ ;~T1(fff r;;ptf:!JQ.(s1 8;.-;. s.w.?.d 3?6; ~vrL£{),_ s11rr~-;.6r $.-£tt·)d P.3<t ,:J.'?1j vs, · · IH~ aor;~ S ,-rrVJ'Wf(,{(. PP.oiJLCdl AOOitt"r;~ t:D I'/.f U1:f'ISf(CIJ ~ Tf£0'5 17.J:5fi:IICI FfLPJn the .51'iflfe (JflUIU:f11 tfJr At<.t6m 12r'Nc5'£ I'P£St:I/TE!J :r:ll Tfl'Jvtf'SOif .V5, L.Ovs VIll£ ~- .t:il &(.lt;lf5HI:iq THe ccVtfT /t€t.D Rl<. /iff' 'PJ1tt~T ·~ J"l-}41 IHC fJtJ€ /Y).OC.etSS CUA~t: OF- TIK R/l/l},/£iiAFH · llmt:#Ontc('(T ,pfUJreciS A Vt:~OAti"( rN /.1 c.tl~llfrNAL CA5i Ac3ArJ.Jg- &/flli"QrtlJN eJccEPr UPOI{ Pllt:oP ~I) A ~Mo•-lAlJCl!' lXJ06r :({) evaty ·F~ Nc Ce5SitleY 7CJ C..ONSrr:r(l IE THe CJ}.:J;tn~.'W/CIIf wfft:a-f He u-

<!.fflfi1.GJ(~O :'.gqr

v~s, Ar JtCf, ttf s, cr; AT /() i'-3.

'Lf{ SO f.lOUJ~N4 UX!tT t:mPHA'1£ZED /ff~l f1114!::F f!Jt'Y()/.10 ,4 ll..c;v;~IJAtjl(" 00o6T 1TffAT Tffe

l'tM" ruor:rt:o~c,c_y 6t:efJ Re4Arweo -« 'fFfC PEa::ave i7J:FJ:Ct<tJK£ ()erweef.f c.~ f;;n'1J--'lfffc. t.»L P,A 6ClifY 1(~0 avrL ~4/J..CCCTY, a., A115e-3 6; 1 q;_. &>c.r; AT IO'B -(0 1-2, j~(f'

O!r(ICO VS', I)S,,J{,O v.s, 1-ft? 16 s·.cr, 35], 6b:N4£rt v ), U,S, I ~38 v. s r IUJtl9·q,61 -sA'cr;

I )OJ_ tf3IIJ 1

JY

"tN Gtt.Du1-co t(.) soc, A~us-t OF o.c;s(J(e-n:ot..r"

te-~ts Ttl..ri!L. e.ouo.:r A6oSEV rTS" or:sCil.trr.a.f 6 Y A(.L@JfrN4 ,4 PLO 1¥J;fl.e:Er?t ew;r Wfft'llt '[((C/.£ -~ NO ~v:COec.tce WHifc S"t() t=Yftltv S't?C UJIJE tJt: C/L~ PP.fJG ARt f ~I~ r . __ 'rNC? PelSCU a._, tJecotfVZ:cTe:o ()FA Ft!LOH'f e;cc.e._(JT_ ()(!(}# rfft vt/tD:tc. OF AJUILY 0°LY P£tJO et1£0 .A~O ~Dc.IJ, u# c.e-s5 rlfC l>cH::nDANT, vPo'-1 c~rt1lef.l4 A Pc...eA tMS ns tJI'f;W COQI!.I TM f)~U ~&ltl) tt.r5 fJ..LCjf.fT ro ~L f.3Y J()fi..Y "Cil WTUTff:lf4 rf.f ACC.OI2._vA'.S:C£ ~~ A~ 1;;3 AN'O f,(Lfj PtUNCOtO; Howevat, -·n-tlfC -cr '5ff{J(L de HCtES'S'Jl(LY _RJ/... Tffe sTif{l:TT]J. "Ullrt.OOL't:!i,,.evtl~e~lC£' [~rb ;i'fe ~COW ']flOW~ rffe 4vn:r (JF rf(C OEF£Nf>ANr At.fO _ $At;O evz:-oer.cee :SIJA#-;. _,~EJ(~6f.:i>:'CE'if~~:;:~:-.covi11 AS dA~XS @L X1 :Jtlllqmel'<f[ ne S'

Al-40 t ltC 8/~f' ~lf. A ,Of/L.SCA <tHAfl.CD ~ Ci>UCtrC - VPCf..l ~ C?cJr 1b sv/1 nte~. · TH£ e:v.o~ 111AV g£ Sn::f'~lc7) ;J:P ·t'Ffeoer:c~O,f«f_ -r:N SClcA t!.Arse CClJ.JSciiTS' ~r-l .ywU::r.C#4 1TU tJt'tlJ ~ ;TrJ ~ Hfe AcPPCAAA NC.C1 C.PNF~Nrn Trof.J, }.!JOf..f THE" 11J.J::"Ift- covn:r AC.~o Af!Jf/5£() rrk Ol:-5t::.12.ECTrotf t3Y OBiv.r::fl4 f/..E£./if1:Jil~ ptt7 fO 62VASH r:f..{DXCfftnCII(;- Wft"UA 13 rn vu;rr~ At-10 .P.l IN V.C0 l.4 f'J:"Q~ oF DV 6/JUt ~DY ~eAA 1b PA4c Ttli p~ ,W(l.:!f' ()r 11!AI-IDA-flli~) s«· (()e. ~JJE!~Y v$, '5rJ.ff"E1 S'f SW, 3d

1

?,~q" ~~:'A P1?r'toK 1(} Q.o}\.Sfl SHOGIL.O i~E l;tZAt'JTfO Wf"t:f( nK lMi'4M4E rH .Tf(£ ~f.{DJZr- .r11fAT C.ONC.t:-tlRr:J-S4 m; D£r:ENDA~~ &«over :cs So V~r..t: OR. rNDtFI~fE A~ TO OCt<y Tf(t DcttUOAfJ\ ·£Pra:crrv£ uonz.e PF Iff£ ,ACr5 He lr~cDL'f a>mmrrrt:D, ~ 4ENEiL4L llvLC 'J::S TH;(I 1HC >fflTF -PS NfJT P.EIJ.ur:llei) .To ,ol.chD ~e-N'flt.Y FA43 TffA\Iftt£ l-fOI eS')c#rrAL -1i/ PILW~OE 10 ttctfl.uP:EO Uorrc£ 1CJ TFIC ~CD· vvt;-/1..£1/I:Bv A- TILAL LOCJ/1IS .R.l;L:J:-}(4 ot~ t1IO"TTdA (lJ ~16H (He P<fDr:cr111@:11 VI.JD~/1.. Aij Jt(J~e tJF v.tSCil.f:TTON ~m«r>4f<O jl i"ffe T1lPfC.. fXD At!VSc C£)()([J rrr t:)rSCilecetoN WHel-f t=·r~ ft()l-CIJ4 't:-5 IJ,A/Seo PN.

- aii.OuCorJS ll.t£W ()~ T((C .IAA/ Pd.. Jf CteAfl..t..-Y Ellfib!lroos A~~Cs-i?fel/1 t?r Tff~ E~~£; c:..t.at1.LY '!1if e:vJl)t;;('(lE :Cf.f /lf:ZAra/:5 C,fS£ .IV~lC !f()l SvPI'PJl/ TffC5 CtJ~r!CC/TClf.l Tffi.G lflfS PIIJVEJ( TO iHC5 /{(JI{f?Jlltl$ (£ C'0///1..-T, . .

_eve-4 .wr;.rifc:;r,rTH£BJ.RPt.S,"/1K' c:n:ot:#ce ~a lfOI 5PifJClff ~s. c.~a . 5fi!= , v.s, ~ YANe.Z :?OSAt~'3 {;Jd lfL[J...ozvun:o FPan Yi!Na) 'W£:R8ffEW 11ft' D~-s'f'7'2I:Cr"Ct:VIl..rS

1

~DnfW.V A.Vl%f44 f?f< AMe PF t)r:s(.JlE(.]ZJf.f f! - ./A'-Iri5L£ D~VI'I;J tf!t--S rlrF6-f 6terl Oe~ctl..~l!£0 M (lf(F $A5E() Ofi {1Eif9JK Wlf.CCN Attr~cs ffJJ?Yl TlK EfffOttlCE (Jl? 1-(.-CI( -elFtf/CD£(1/C.c, sec .JOHNSf:Jf.f vs,LOV'SIItf.fA.,I{Clb v,.s, J~t ,Jt.(), 1~ s,e-r; lb~P1 16:J.i1, _ f'V{l-te1L J1t0rl€ lfft reDf7Lit( CJ;l()flT~ A~$'CD ffi i)~S"cn.._ c CTICK ,jy 6trl=r.f~ A4Ar!IST :rr owN t?LDt.rt, .rr tJ7 s11rr~b l:~ me'~aoER wmrrr.tN4 IJ~tJcecoruc, r;f.l (ffc Pt:srllrlT C,()rlltt:'Ac..(D OP.Dtr?. TQ ~{((JCV ~~f;#~c.tj AUO r~~rflllt.TT!QN5 "(:0 Ptrltf.r-C~#

t>l'{ p~f' oNt,_ ~E$P{J#POff'5 Arl~WC~ • :flirT€£: PIJR.SthfNI TO lUll£ t( OF TfiC {<()!£~ 4rJV8ln:!A4 ~EG ~?.5_'f CftSCS' _~f4 Tfft: VNr:.TeO f1Jfft:5 l2L5"(rtrcr ~JJrJ/1..1~ ltt:5PfJIID~ ~'5 OJ:IleueO To P.CL£ ,4f{ ~If$­ ~:'" ;011tf-~ Pt'i'Ql:of( ws:1(1m ,GO ,o..t'tj:_ PF Tffe OACf' (JF Tfti3 flll.oc-/J.. 1 A~')cvbZJ:ft'\ z:-f< ~flDAHCe ~·· r1U.£ fi ()F f/l£ tlU1.£S 40Ve7li)O(~ · St:(.J}._25L( C,fsC.) J;f.(. ·'fffe cAf:CTl:O Sfitlts-: O.arfltCr at¥tf5, :iF ~tJON DDIT dtt.Cc.€5 Tf(C P~ .re WHfJUY ~~t() It FAJ:LtlfJI l7l eYHAV'Sf SrAr€ }'l.BnEO... r:cs 1A. PfW<l,WVIVtL /Yd-, NON- tJ..~4 CrJ;v..tlY 1 ~12.. _rrte $~f.l'lC OF tW!ifAJTa-~ If€ JI:AY ;:Tlf It P/Ul:C_f!I~NA~'f ANSIAA! lksotJ"!fU.) Af<Y 5CJCif lJ~~ PttrDit 77l AUS kfJtt=fi9 Ofl rfft jl}1et:r!3, t!e:~PONDe«r HC:Ve/L ComPLVf:O TfJ "{fir<; OltDetl ~ Tfft F8)£ft/H.. a:vars IH ~ ~F 1-101 AA~U(ef1£H<; 12t~S P~rJ:TL:lH &III «~ f11C(l:.[(S, W:C:f'tf IJ.C'Jt'CCIS 77J ~ ~alA~(£ U:Jc;n:r ~ttA,on slf(Jw~ .rne RJLww.rJ.K;,:

(.5

. 11-1(" FeUCil A(.. LOUILT C;}N f!,f FAu.reD 1 6a.4Q5 t Tf/fY ~0 1-J.or f(Jtf...(;tf/ CMtXUNcD . SCJPJteP'fe!

CoVI2.T p/Ltz:eC'{)r'fofy$ 1 M-i"C-Cif Clr/{IJ{_y VCLL-8fle5 rfllf( AII'/.IOJ.t.JT5 A(J£ a-«mEO TO 1-f Ftll-L lfffO FA;m. i:?.t1tJCII:f()wrfV lo L:aTy~ (LJ;frtn'S ~SCD 44/t.f#~f Tff6?11 '(:II At')UJUPU :lf!E R"Ot?JAC. C.OGIII.r O.Cfi /1/0r . Fol.U'W ~TPJ~O soPru:me eoc;or PP.ecc.eocr-fcE, wttrcH C.LEA'fl(..Y occt.Ate5", ntltT rF me APP- 1..-Uk~T Or::D ~or~ A F<JU. 4UO FAa!. CHAlK.£ Tb Lir:JZiATC ~1! rffC CCJNrm::.a:f.l(j e..()()ll:r A-HD t/1( C.OUrfTCILAL llfiU'WtBY U::S:CSUrr:s4e C.OH'(;'f1l..tk:f'Coff rr:TS A~ T:#eSCAr'lrfJU: or;ry· PF 77ft FCOr::flA(. CJ>()fLT'rO Gft1rWf, Tfft At1PLIV1 ur IHt ,IJ..t'GV"ItteO FVU ~({0 fACIJ... (lfJfJpqv«~TY T() t.:t::I'T4Aic r!-fOSE · (!j..,ljCm 5 llA~-o ~lf~f«l5r ~trm :C# F€bt:72A-C eor.HLr .. s-ma ~m5TAfla5 c-asr ~IJ ~et:A?rol..S ~ ,"tff'"ftT ·12.£NVfJWJ ~~ PfH)(!£S5 :Tif~FFeOTvt: 7fJ P1l.fJ'1tC:r 12.aAWfl5 1tr41fl3 TO lf~fl~ A com~... ,ref41 t.ooUStl..Ofl, Af}la. ,t}Nr> r:mPIHl.rt:lfL rtJI,((... A~O ~· /J.flltf(}ll 1() &C AfrdJ-0 eo 4 tu.L Af40 f1a11.. _

1

bfJPOW/.fr:rY 177 L.IIL4JrtE HI:.5 C.L,.frf115· !24J:Se'D ~ -r-r ~- An.~AfLV ,ftJP elldtJf(CfJU5 Fori.. TtfB FeJ>t:'1L AL. cCbVIl.r rv o.r:.:s~~~ /lffllrfOrLJ c.u;;:un wt:rff Plt£.:NDU£Jc:nt£.·.nl€ C.Of(ltAr{y, Tffe'f 'SftJt~LD HMe ltf91W"O Til SCJ PaeinE CoutLI P.tuz-toe«r~ 1 fo~l) ~olfr::TJ ()/l/JndJA.:C,ffC PllllCCtEDVIL~S rc AFFotLv ttrUrr(}tt.-mt Fou t{uo FAVI.. otJMI.JuHLTY TP-~ArE :c-r~£5 P-Ar:?eo,r~ IU:'5~{)1C((Cj· Tiff' Ll.Mfn :£K 4 OrFFI£i:f( 11/lr~Hpl, W'lf'elJ£ ~~ wt?a.O lfltle Pll1::q;l:.7Jt:-0 FcmiEIJ.. 1AS u- ~l'fs' Elff'.;;.; 1.TLco ro f!Y llea.visrre tJ'FUrWr ·- j T'i/t Ft::"'btllAC ~vMS CAN t!JC. rMICft-o ~aAvS'C rnEY DrD ~or CCflg:/)(:7l_ AI>C~A[t-

i.r~·~ I'Jt::Foll£ r/IC"f O~t1J.Z'%c(} itc.LA(t:1€S' eut'Ctn 1 WHCTf-!Q.. ()(L t<((Jr life IWC~ tJf=: THE~ .')CSPVTt (JJ:?j:;(_vt;1) r'" ~J11rE c.o:;a..T;

ltS u,s,c...Ji ~54(D) AfiPt:WrTtu(. ftJd. wm ~F/flf~f?l!.~ UJ!ItJS 61'li!OfALF (}FA ~ :Fil Ctlgof:JY pUOSVA«f' 10 Tf(£ ~T ()FA ffATe ca;n..r $ffAt.l h1lr 13e t;ll.)J..(TCD wm+ ~'CT 70 A~Y Cc.Ar;m TtfAr WA5 AOJUJUATtO ON fff{ tYietJ:~ :rl{ 71fc SrJ(rC coc.u:r IJI'li:JC£COr..iqs uNLt5'S Tit£ ADJlJDtCAT'RJH oF rflt ({Q..{:;VIf~f ~f;.fSTUoT!0/(4(_ C.lArdl 6YTHC 5fATt W!lrT.

D~ COf.irO..tta.y TV FEOt1lJfL Utw. • ~) 'Cff'li(;1LCitD A-N :UI'IfU::\5cr{Jt<!:L£ Af1PL,COI-1TtJf~ oF $CJI'n..Ciftc £a.JtlT P~Ot;.lolr3,. 3) 6/tSeO CN AN (11({/EJK,ct<ACSL£ OeretJ.f11~Arr.ot<,()F FA<-1~1 'Ct-1 ~ItT PP,-(1:..-tfll.l!.Oofl-Ov

w'fdl .+ootte-s-.5-z:/o(lj- Tfle tn~ (),:::A- aArm Pf'/E6cf1Tco r:A A lfAt5Eif~ COili'O~ Pc:rr:.rr::PI\f ro Wlf"LCU (AEOPA) MJPcr~1 ,4- F60€flAL U:Uil..T /hf/51 FPl5T Dt:TCillfl§Jol wHaT-tel. lT/fe- clAJ=f11 . ~ ADJUOJZAreO or~ n/C t1JeiJ+(5 "CK Tffe'5{1frlE CeJvflr, ~FA- per;r::a:ol'(efl. l-fM't{rJrfi1C.THJ:5 .P/1... /fi!:'l (bi:Jt.JJefi (!NOel!. S"tzTrcN f:t2$'~)(i) l'f~D0J,t'll.. THe fnfT€ /)J;J) lffJTAOc7V/JIU~ Tffe-c./Arm

1

()#4. "(((etnetJIR 1 Oef'81..04C€ rtJ{ACOA4) :,:~'rK .tH'PLU~I3L£ AHO at:(,IC£w' :J1i}.;.ifi./E Ognl.(:CI~oo~ . r~ PcNcvo, P&Ncrrr ~~ &.uPrf2:mtmAN1 6st v.s,lf3o,963 ~oo7) 1 1lP' iv,;JfUAf.IT ifAI!eA5 Lbf2IJIJ.s ~f;A ,fl1:110Ur:i2 /1UI~I Tffet{ e;;rr;-/JU:51f H-ltt2t11 PH.. PIUJVDU.D O()E Pt:l.OCI:~S' :CS Vrt>LAn:-o b\f Tfie s~re ~ ~({rAL-1 wr::nfOdl A rl~llC~4 &K ntE tne~ 1 Of:A pp_r~o4 t;ll'5 Pt:rr- .-TTCIJ totllfAt3t:A-~ LOilPVS Wlfa!t: (ffc ~Nat. A-LLt::lFS Tf(AI (ff£ ~tWNV tJF 71fe pi(L'/ ~# e?S lt~cr.t~r. 'He Prtr:~N€{( W.-fS fJIJ.J:7:JuReo plf l.fD, CF tl() comtJCTF~ T ev.CO~Pct: fJEH1~f.l~ .r& sof/tJ(lp:r T£fe- coK~J.l , v~ttref) S"I.AIE5'. v~, .44't1Jl.$"1 LfJa t/,5, co:, I();(, · · ft'l ~tiVW PP.£vvorce if~O Tff/lf .fU:MTffl ~D .#O( IJ.taf;ri.IE A FACt! A(\JD Pl?I'AilTrAL zarc ~~roa..·PfL<;~eit{(I 1lic5l?(#:O'F~fJ /JPirrtJII5 7111{\welle Oet1Cc0 1.Wifr:Lif 4flf ~~r t>F n:re llffPJD,6erH~ FU.eo ~v cw~tr Al'f1acr.freb 7f1,/:;tfL CL/vJ.(~t=."'[_ .C,coRqE G mAc,Kc-YJ f'U.t;D ru C/l.Ffn:C~AL C.OUfl.r IJ(J'i'J'16Bl. r Tff{Jlt 11 t4(J.!liJNrc.oC/HTY, 'i"£'KA5.,. wffiCH A f1£:

. I} 0CFC6(MN3 IYltlrt:()f( ro Tf(V()I(t (l+c(J(;t...~E,{jeK, 141L1=3. tJF[;'VXo!fifcE R.t1Lt.614), c:l} M~l{ TO SoPPe'SS ~'i'i>4Hrs srnrt:A1eNT "PVtl$044r ro .7/U:.K.~&;N ·\IS zy!'NNO. 3) IJorae PrAel/<rJe5r Fofl..1~,o7-; 8B,o=J~t1B .1?- e.--v.r:Deuc~, rE:XAs Cf:JDe r;~ .cttJ;i'11, tofltZ.,i A ('to ttoq(b) A-(;(o Got'((f) .e<J:Cr;ace reJG45 (JI.;U'S tJF evctxltX; . '4) hl~'lU'f{ F'ofL tffeAfrJfJ.Jti.JTYneNT FJFA r'tm!AIT t:~i/L~~A~(!'te t?Ul.Y 111/:?Tre:>H 4/lANfl!/JJ, . 5') Defe'~ars moTT.oA Ir(L-tMruE, · 6) mor-u;tJ ~IL OCSCOf/t/ly A~P :l=r.tSflf<_lra{. p~e-vr;u/£t..IC~ ·7)-fJ10f.!.l?Q ··'fotZ. f'llQ()VCf'C(l(f{ ~c;o rJtc;~f( PFevC:Oe«GE Af.LD rttR?fl/1?1{~ .·IU-f.!Zf-f i1?Ay ~D TCI · ewoe~«:6.,@n;.oy VS..h1AilYUt-Co. ?13 v.S,8'J,ItJ '-'eJ,HJ P.r.s,s:; s~c:r; tltl'!J~ · -

BJ fJUJrWA 'FoJLrfle avnrro or:o..crr rife coon..r p_etJcreti. rr; tU:corz.o -sP~c.ir;~o re~y, Cf) Dt'FeAD~t-"rs, wttcrre~ t:16~Lq(1C> ~rorn.cs~~e~ru.N~ovs Prffllsc~,

(G

IO) rnon:oN w "SCif.IPIU:-~ ourat.Y sn.:ra:ne:rc~r o~Ac-U:~Ei> vrzroM, 1I) f1101'W~ ffJ4. Vo.Dt ocrtE" oF ;;xpe11.r ,~rness. _ /J.) DGe'4D4tlrS F:ctl.5r ~()(J(JLt:tnciJf' I'IUTT.oiJ :CF-f t..Lm~#C t.06l<:aN:CIJtt VPJ;fJ.. onu:; n) (J"'(JrWU., ro siJ~JJmLf J1JttY aursrro#IJAree ro ~ P.A~a, . 14) OCJ.B(OAtsrl.-' ~t{ ro 12.tr;v~11£ rfK·fJ~C{.(,If"$0f.l TO 11AV& fiA=rHe>S §fif((e"dlt?il!> AVI{X:C- A~, AU.. tnbfT,Oit HAVC /IJO (l~il SL;HeC>.,,~Y COUILT 4flAI'Ifl.-iKj 1110{Ullv S, IW [ffeCI ll.ffAro~ CGt/ttl ·. APP~f<(~O 4A\£-UP A#O flQI-1.'~(Q.t:CA.Wtl At!() HJ:6 ogc 1 ·TD fJCinCif5Tf/Ar'e '(Tf.l':5 l?fCr R..ez.Artx!. P~tffr-5 Tf(fS£ (:;) FWC VJ'fOfll)U.~ TffA( ~~ Tl'liAL ~~€t Wd.O~vP tY.Jr. D:r:D Nor PILe' ~e oi="m£ CK~lell J'YtCTWC/~ -~r W'Bl.C l!or ~ Mcireo, FotL rr~sc Ae-/fwNS 7f};r:;4c.. ~f.l{l/¢'- At~r..f\)cf) 11~0KAGLE" ffJ:I::A.L ')r~UTY ,4(t(0 IHL61:Vt;;"P R,e-c.4(l7.({ Tf/ £ttfr1EJ2.... rH w A.IJ t:611/Uilt.c rAitJ' Pl-EA t,t1.t13f'lerr~r m~rt:cr-tc, C.uc/Nfc7.5 A~sr:snu~cc :r:lfePR;a-x:u~ 5£e e~lfmm -f}-:~rrHILOv ~-6; SEf;AtSQ SifJ.~lANJfl~~ 1/.5.-Ar~'f.:(J J41V::KENS V.S.. '~Yla(, !i55 (),$ ~ 16~; 11:.~ ~Co;?J P/Z.£uV/7l:CE PR.esvl11e() l#ffcf( .1fS"5r:.5"'MNCE GJFa?VI(5'ct.. 0Ef.II£D cf../rr- RELY Ot. PCI/J;C~ A czP.Cf!ZJft. $rn<;£ ~TfK ,fJIZbceeD:C!I(;_, J ~~~ ;r/.J'ft12..PBL~ 11ft'. Pl!£i;JVDU&;- Jo/1Gj(J~ me -srJ!3f1.en'le ctx.Jttr fflf5 Itr;ff{]P.(:8) A f.fNJtJtlcV ~rtx;orLY PF6f5"6 ru ~rr:.H flllF.7VD:IZ£+:.s

1

PP.£sof)1 e:-o: wtfe'« ~~ lfM I!Jee« AR AcrvAC. (Jf!. C.Off5rr<vqw£ V£Ur4L or= r-ffe4ssrsrArrf~E (/F CIX.;((~et kT~~erffe/J. , . .

8tt f/IA~I+CLV1 ~pR. w~ /<l~r AFF<J/l.()e{) .4« ADEQ.c;A-n?' C#/:J.CJ"PLY W /)C'Ve'lO(J oil..

svtPotJ.r I:..EC#- tJR fitlrC(flAL r-s-s~, (110ft ~ A PlJLL lfC.fO !?(.:it< CffA~~ flJ_ ~:rrC4A-n= !fPS , ~ves /ZM.-5£0 : '£H lfl=S ~~s c.tJilPVS Petrrr:ofl. -s7A11P£,Y, tJY ccr<l ~eQ.o c'f.(C€ Pf.= ~fiCS e RIC.j5, ntt-fell.ENTLY Tlfe/1£ rs SOt3~fA{(/I:-4L- :C:.CD~T!i;;JN 7ffAI we 517rlt A~£ Pei)EQ.'Al-__e.oC//ltS' AOJVbZ::~Tf'O rife CLA:S:YM (.f;HTftAILY 10 PO.OC..Et) tJVrl- fJIJ.I:r.f.C:C {JliL5 ~PcU:ra.4L( Y, TfiC Sr;Itr£ ecrJitr OJ:t> HOI AOJVb'CCA TE (eu;fOfLS C£.4~5 ots 11-fe mell.:rrs 113t.C:A<XLE !<teAr~ CUW115": . VJ'IK l.!Vr tl;rPE Ac4'0 r#C 13/fte tJ.ft::tltLP w~ ViUJeVeLOP£0 ,A-NO 'life Nt:5,+a.V '{:1(vt:.~~Af!LJII MA<uOO#.IEO ,w CDft'\IJXI':c(..{~ CIJ()tLI, (ot..LAr6tfJrc_ f2..tVt:<:Ju1!I.t1D rffCif life ~If{.. CbCJ/lF, ·THe" fllr;A(.. c.o<Jili .A flO rtte .Fe()e/lA( C:OOILT$ Fifers AtifO CONCC.VSI()N 114£llc /rlol ~CV tl.Art .,-,.leY 6JS€'tJ n.f-£4€ OC'5Lafrl WtTf/QcJT ,~t/££11/C/.(C, l??t:~ML ~r!J=V€l'IC€ 11f/f(lv'KS a.LEfftl tff~T J??A«V CO~g'J;'(VrT.o«ltL VSOC,JfcWif5 tflfO ACCvfl£0 FtWtn Tff£ Tl.e::,AC. _f1t.tlf ro T(fCf)(J.OSecu_TlK l'lfiJSCCJKO()(T Af.U> ,~ C.OC/ffJ"~ Ot:{cf:c@ U~r~ ttr:.t;,trr 1G' 1'114'r€'14«- E~ti((C "(:({ ·rnt ~IJIYI OF IXC~OLY A-l.50 TlfCFf;;f>a.t(. CO()IZTS" DC:(.{tC() i'le~lOtL {J$(;Z1(t4 .JI(O!ilft{r) n-re· 5t.me Oe-t(t;lfL ~ lf{cSe ~HT5, llWiftliL 4L5o U!Pse1J ~H')uFJ=IZ.ti.ICV tJF ~VC:Oi?X-tC£ <=-lA.t:f-n BY PUN~ D~v€. ~ ri:I~TfLOitti(r A.,:o ~..ft((;t.Prr./£; t;<;t:O~ 'Uf&PfVi../[81?:-.Tfif!C :2 ': ~ 1 JH10 P/ltJSffC_()~ fll~a)f(OO':r rtfe~5 AilS S(l(j517lTrAWrti"D 0'1 DfJt:,o#NTt;;l) eut:J.>e&£ 5C#\ wt:rr.f ~rt:AL Wnlr CF IYAIJI!if6 ~ · fJ!tSVAF.rf II, 0~ /.fS e:Ja-f.C6rT$, ·Ft~ttrtla ~ll. C:O()LIJ H~ PllJ;veJ.I. All 4LL-t:"l;A1ZQI'6 t,V1:f/ll "f!4C t.eGJ)~O ar;sCb/CIL~ Ftttlm ~nrre AtlO FOJUJAL C.Ou1LI5 1 flewtJet, Tf1Ct:WE/t.4L 4-t/D sr1ffea;c;p;fs .4ke Cl&ttlLY WllOttt-.70 Daly TftAr :rt/C CLATM5 H.AO Nor 6tetJ FAU.. Y P~cttfreD TO rHe S'l/.f~ COV/1..1 rtfat lrl'f'Q:CO Ac-< 7:1JAOt&uArE 'fJrUJUOVflAL MR 1~ f/1:tn£ ro nit: llf~tiet7)(;/IAL .~R. '11f!le NB&ED'1 bY rr-re

1

c

Feo£/J.AL .CocJ/lf" N!aeO r:fs J).r;SOLE.Cfl:ON. ,f!:£CAU5 Wife if FCOBLAL COCI.Il r CflDc12etJ snrW: CCQn:r ro AFfs~ .R.eCAtCJP~ wltrr ~ilm mea..a-5. sa:- eJCtfpjJ:r(S) w-HU:-~f -uc~ IX.£. t,o DAY5 APtf"'IL OIW(It, W(f~Ctl U:sPt'#OAf/0 fl.cccclep A Etcfellrt'A:mot:-~;AI-40 sr.l:c.L: NoAH~ pf.I"(JE Jt1e71J::{'; ()F 71{E wntr ~ 4J:ve.t'Q R€L4cot:l PILED AN fl1-on;oa ;:c,a_ hEZ.LA-~f.i RJitEf.IIEILY OF

1

DtFicOt:(;" A~rr.115T /Ji%/l()IIOEtSt 'RJ/l. /Jo/IC()d?Pt.IA t!CE .·r..V.CTU 7111-t: fEt>c!JA L COVIll o/.Z!X31, , eXftrorr(:;J sltow:5 T~«r fEOfllAt cuv~tr vc:r ~r-c" ~eo .s:r's /JJ=.~crJ:tJN of.fCf A{:,ft:!N f:£_ Ofi.IYiff4 A PfJofJ(IlLY FJ:L£0 1110CLt)f..l .wlfCCH WM' ACL.Ile~~D :c#( q-~ LltWtUJJ4F f\AD ~lfOvl-D H/rVE ISetN t;tMt.freO :CI-f FAU()/[1 bF Jtft~TOQ, sa: Llt5l P/14£ oF.f:F+.IJAL JVD4W1elr, TtlcJs (4fk;t::f(/{j All J:U:AOt-62UA~ !tcvreW AfiiD OtlM=U4 AfLArtut Dp€P/LfOS5 AUe ~L Pl1f)f-

~r~ u~o~ool me L4W.. rr· -z:~ A- VCOL4-rrcfJ oFOtA;. PllfX&ss fi7tt me ~~re T?J vse: fJile JU'.l..Y Pll..~otl.AL m"LSCOf(f)t)::..T,.+UO Flrf!J/U.CIJ.T£0 wt=TJ(es'S "SSA.r~cs W 4,f:c:l'l A cal~.

rr

Ulle·WJ:Se7i' .4-LLO.~ A ~CN<ITXrt:ior.s 7V S'fA-flD 1¢1£N ~ ~$t.42$' r'fJ£$ecm5) Wt=itE' flt.Vt:4<.;

~P£CJ:AL.LY Wiler{ w OT1f8... CtJMPArtlr ~v.COC(.fCE EYTSTS. rHe FcOCiliK t!a:JttTS OE~r-.r TO DTbYYf£<(;6 ft.b-74~.S t+A6~ C.Of.l.ltJt/5 Ptltll.tbf-1, ~ Atl.6X11lAP-Y AN'b ~fle:o/Si /6t:Gfc;;~ (2£CA~ft yA~t: 11f'C ~ CIJ.:./trr ?oFFIZ.reKr ·lfUr:/Ze THAI jf8; CfAr.7H WAS' i\I~RlLL'r {.)£(1eUJPCD, 1 ~ tJf: 4t)(/ER.N/l7&1T f:n?PcfJ'rrYlCTJir.:s, tff.(~. 'Pc..t:'AD,CO RJtt.. ~~A-rJC£ -r~J l+an Hs;~ 8Juv P&ettJP f/'C5 ~ /1ifr:.Geo, se- nw:

HJ::s Ot;~ tollect~s ~Hr J.tA:JUD Nor Be v1:"o£..A-W ,A-uo HCS -'05~oe~ 'Ntr:'XO eA" zy.; occaxo tJN. Tffer~<. .l?learr.s, .r:-f6f'rAD t?ForSI'I?£S5- ··rU4 tt.e'l.Aft"4Z£ ~S; TFfe ot:mtr.a C.Ov12:r ~H()vLO H/!1/C A 01-fC"I(EIJ .irrJ PlloCt:1JV12AL {J/l.:r(.(Ct:PJ.lLI AND Sw~'COcJ/[(" P_o.E(,aJErJ15, ,4-(.(0 flt~flt::IJN£0 APPf<t/?PfJ...J:ArF .(JfWC.CDl/fl/:"5 4N"D c7-{~()llE0 ~R.fL4f-\c!7~~ 4 Pr/C..L- A-KO FAT;/1. lfeJJ(J:C(.(C, 7l:1 IJ~~I-Ie.VVST .41(0, /Ul..i::A-I!JCE f4crS 1 ~cUf~ :so ;e->svE~ RAr:sCo cdCJLO ~E .7VD4Eo ~4 rH~ mell.CT5; .8Y IJ..r62~s:crc: tJF L4ut

·Tlfe' FEDfJIJA<.. ur~nz:cc.r "S#fllGIL-D fflVCAC:SP .~StaJ£i2£0 W'11e"i1~( ~cAn9~ ,t,yA--'!)D~cf./r WCTff -~Peel 1JJ ,JJa!eLofJ:F#-4 rl~S f74CT3 fK~EI!lCO ra Hr$ APPt..1:Uff.ljJ~~ ~8 61,s,c,f~~SZt(eJ(~) ~LA ....

fJ.t:S ll41KI2.~ ~ He1'34 <l Pe-r Cl U'~ ~ .t+A-s FA t:LB) {f? J:VU.y 015/C(.I?I:' rife FACTVA-L.· 6Ase.> ClF .lf1=S t.l.JlQnS -ai .STArE' UVJLG HE .CS PfJ..CC(.C/OeO FitPm RJrHetL F4Crc;.~-L Ocvcc..1;711#?Cm--r::N ffOt"OA<.. G:Jolll C/HL<%~ f HC~ CL-f\.C:~-rz ~z_y (}f( 1-f Ne-WI" P..C/L;:: e?F<f?Nn=TVrJ:a.:IAL Lqw o!t. A FAcTVAL fll£$'CC.AIE (J/l.f(J't::(;J51.-Y V/..ID.t;SC"Pc£12c"l2.1tt'!Jl£ 0-ff10us,H r~~ G'x-Cttc.rse;-oF Pvc P-rLJ:4 tr-K.e ~ 111(._ llCIU,Cf£H<;";, '! 3 s, cr; 19 :l q ,,9;;8 ~tJI $) .st:y-1u.s" rrwn L &7Vn(4mt:7vr £Yftr::rtcr{6} £r6,HT/ A·r P4<;e{6J ~f./&1 L~t-te-s (l}t7u~ w (J~) rwwLEI Ali -~GII=DfNnLY .H-t"lffii:./Jt; ~5 ACI/1~ VHOet.. ~ 8 VF 11fe r.l.vc..ES C:,Pr/en.H~~ q ~'2. -6 '1 ~ .Fil~ rife f)Cf/cC.Off/1etfl ()FA ~l..PMlJLe CLA~fl't WlfC/4 T7ftE ?'f'l.J"TC c.wttr l-llfS l't~Jr /l.Et.IAIJLY liJCINO THe ~f;!l.ez.ewr- pl(cr~ (')F rt~ (!Ufr.m, t=Frl~t1.cr/£r-l1 k1:Vc...O e-r~rrrr_c 1)-Jt: Pert:rt:oFie"tt roJt.. ULt:ttS6 How£1/E/1. Pva.Gv.Jtf..lr, 1l? ~ccrt:eN-1 'A"'2.64{eJC:<) ,. A «octi..A '- C4ftr i?1AY IUOr ff(}~D f( ffei:fll.n-(4 UIJLf:S5 Jr r..(:l15r 0~11'1-t:"N ~ t1fA"r ~ Per.t:;::{?;tlcll.._ -e~cr<rcEo l'iJrl.V1cHCe 1J ~H lflY'rN4 ro ocva.oJO ore r=~L-t!>Ase!J ~FrHCcurrn. :r~J STAT£ CPvtLr, wtt.£.I".At1'15 vs, TlfYUJt., v.s,trJJ:;,tf25, · O'I'L:r<:~£rU£ F<Jil. (JU/J.P0:5£ (IF Tffe PI~ c~-t" .OCPC#-IOS vPtJ#J .wlfCrHCI.. THC Pll.:E1JH-

6'D. PJI)O(; ·A A.eA-~k'A-lJL£ Afi!/17PI, rur..:£.4/'ft tlF rtfe -nl~~rr?Ar@f.{ Av'Al13L£ Ar- ·rHc 1"'P77C 10 ;(NIICSf~A'ft Af.l\) PIJR.5V~~ CWfY/5 t:"f.f 5iAre C00/1.."{.Ibid~ i:aS1 IF "1"1-fClle tO.S l3t't"~ Mo L/.C.!(. or: ft'3:5.Cr..K.E 4i 111c ~E££V'A..,r smt;es :r~ rfK ~14~ P/WC.ceOrM~ 1 ;He fJtu=9JHaJ.. · · _ttk5 f.IOJ(f4ft.eo'J To OtvtwP)J Tff~ FACiS VNO~R.§J:291<ej(:J.} OflEt:JnJt; ~ .J{UO He- Lv.t:U... i?:,t C~CV5 tD ("llf/r11. S ffOu1J:f¥.s 6d111fJCJ:A f.JCt; WCTff 'THE .6J.U:Hc£ rflF /1/e' 5Ut!, ~CC.:rJlJJ.I 'U~tJ.rQ.tO, 1lJ T11I6 PAV f1£l.&1tlflr~ S7TCL Vkli.IJl£ 10 YEr &~PY5 tJF R£t.£i/c-"rr fX;:C.l.JYJ'l- CJ./15 NCt:-0 70 PtJt.Fe0 IS Wt2.CT t::JC' H/.V66"AG€tOt1{)(;5.,

PDA'«4. . ~a. .,, 12.£f.ATtJ{I.. 1lfAf nw; J.fOt'((JIUI!JCt CW/ff ~r<)Sr.Ocf15 Al.i- f/J.Ttnf5CS If1 tfll;'~ WM:T ~ F ;??AN -

Dltr1UJS ;AtJD 4tM#IS f<.EUlF .TlJ IJ.eCAWfl 1 (btl r#<f~,(J_j::;(st()f{~ ~TAfEO Jll Tile l!>tf&R£ 111erv T.{i:X'(. flJ4~ A-6 A M(t?t-f! ;r , . . • ' ' .

c.cnr.n=r<:Are oF SC/1..1/rc.c I rtrcU!{(llJ 6flOWJJ, DO H~Y. Ct!d-Tn=YTT-lJrr A-· [(1(}[, AdO ,COl.fl.ti::! C.OPV ClP .. i~!-14 .1#~- 8:/=IJ ~e~ w _rn,f 4f:'S~!I--~ tounr /OF Af'«M.. ~; ;.OMc~ i.?f!tl).~ii;~t.:<J..r.1.JJ.FPJdJ4._:;f..ilt'i~Jo"J . ;}()V(. t.lJJ:!f~t;..,.P,o,,,:ibtff; l.i'9-,t)8.:~~p:--;~ 7)t).JI bY U,5, ll~VtAfL 1?1/trt:..

CJC!ZVT£r) ()M IHf 7 DAY J'..f!.pte11?jtf.f!l.J.OIS,

.:t:dMy~ 1~;u:~rutte ,, · ····· ;, t···

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

OBJECTIONS TO THE COURT'S CHARGE AT GUILT-INNOCENCE

COMES NOW, RICHARD BROWN, Defendant in the above styled and numbered

cause, after both sides have rested and closed the evidence at the guilt-innocence phase of the

trial and before the Court's charge has been read to the Jury and submits these his objections to

the Court's proposed charge as follows:

I.

The Charge fails to contain an instruction to the jury on the law of extraneous offenses

and under what circumstances and for what specific purposes they may be considered by the

Jury.

SUSTAINED _ _ _ __

OVERRULED _ _ _ __

II. ,

The Court's charge fails to include an instruction to the definition of beyond a reasonable

doubt.

SUSTAINED _ _ _ __

OVERRULED _ _ _ __

OBJECTIONS TO THE COURT'S CHARGE AT GUILT-INNOCENCE Page 1

ENTRAPMENT

III.

The Court's charge fails to include the defensive issue, raised by the evidence, of the law

of voluntariness of the act, Texas Penal Code Section 6.01(a) or to apply the same law to the

facts of this case so as to instruct the jury thereon.

SUSTAINED _ _ _ _ __

OVERRULED _ _ _ __

IV.

The charge fails to instruct the jury upon the lesser included offense of assault by contact,

Texas Penal Code Section 22.01(a)(3), although the same is raised by thl evidence herein.

SUSTAINED _ _ _ _ __

OVERRULED _ _ _ _ ___

V.

There IS insufficient evidence to wJarrant submission of a charge of

herein and Defendlnt therefore objects to

said issue being submitted to the jury. /

SUSTAINED - - - ' - - - - - - -

OVERRULED _ _ _ _ __

GEORGE B. MACKEY 101 SummitAvenuk,I

Suite 318

Fort Worth, TX 76il02 817-336.,1008 817-336-5437 Fax SBN 1279500 ATTORNEY FOR DEFENDANT

OBJECTIONS TO THE COURT'S CHARGE AT GUILT-INNOCENdE Page 2

ORDER

.J

Both sides having rested and closed and Defendant having presented the above and

foregoing Objections to the Court's Charge prior to its reading to the jury at the guilt-innocence

phase of the trial and the court hereby enters its orders on said objections as reflected above to

which Defendant has his exceptions in open court on those matters which have been overruled

and as to those matters sustained said matters are hereby ordered to be incorporated in said

charge.

Signed this the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2012.

JUDGE PRESIDING

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that on the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2012, a true

and correct copy of the above and foregoing Objections was delivered to the Assistant District

Attorneys of Tarrant County, Texas who are handling this case ..

GEORGE B. MACKEY

OBJECTIONS TO THE COURT'S CHARGE AT GUILT-INNOCENCE Page 3

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

ORDER

On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2012, came on to be considered RICHARD BROWN's

Motion to Suppress the Forensic Interview of the Child With C.P.S., Alliance For Children, Or

Other Law Enforcement Agency, and saiq motion is hereby

(Granted) (Denied)

JUDGE PRESIDING

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANTCOUNTY,TEXAS

MOTION TO INSTRUCT VENIREMAN AND JURORS TO NOT DISCUSS OR RESEARCH USING THE INTERNET OR ELECTRONIC DEVICES OR TO SEIZE SAID DEVICES

Motion No. 16

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:

Now comes RICHARD BROWN, Defendant, in the above-styled and numbered cause, by and though his attorney of record, GEORGE B. MACKEY, and respectfully requests this Court to instruct venireman and jurors to not discuss or research using the internet or electronic devices and that this Court seize any hand-held devices. In support hereof, the defendant would show:

I.

The Defendant has a right under the Due Process clause of the United States Constitution and the Texas Constitution to a fair and impartial jury that is free from outside information, and disseminating facts and/or information concerning the case to those not on the jury.

II.

The Defendant would show that most Americans have access to the Internet including social networks, such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Yahoo, Hotmail, Google, and/or using their cell phones, lap tops, and desktops.

III.

The Defendant requests the Court to instruct the jury panel and the jurors not to use the Internet to investigate or otherwise obtain information by way of research regarding any issue in the case nor to disseminate any information about the case to any person specifically, but not limited to Facebook, MySpace, Twitter or any other online social network.

IV.

The Defendant further requests that the Court during deliberations seize from all jurors all electronic communication devices such as phones (e.g., iPhone or- Blackberry), iPods, sidekicks, laptops, and/or notebooks.

v.

The Defendant further requests that the Court ensure that the jurors do not have internet access while sequestered in a hotel during deliberations.

VI.

The Defendant further requests that the Court give the following instruction:

"You are instructed that the only evidence that you can consider is the testimony and the evidence that comes from the witness stand. This simply means that you can only consider the answers a witness gives in response to questions and any evidence, such as written documents, that is admitted into evidence for your consideration.

In times past, jurors have researched issues involved in their cases from outside sources, such as the internet, reference books, and friends or family members. This is absolutely prohibited.

The rule is simple. You are not to discuss the facts of this case with anyone nor do any independent research and when you deliberate, you must only consider the testimony given by witnesses and evidence introduced during trial."

WHE~FORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, RICHARD BROWN prays that this Honorable Court grant this his motion to instruct venireman and jurors to not discuss and/or research any issue involving this trial using the internet or electronic devices, to seize said devices, and limit juror access to the internet while sequestered.

Respectfully submitted,

George B. Mackey 101 Summit Avenue, Suite 318 Fort Worth, Tx 76102 Tel: (817) 336-1008 Fax: (817) 336-5437

By: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ GEORGE B. MACKEY State Bar No. 12779500 Attorney for RICHARD BROWN

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

This is to certify that on , 2012, a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing document was served on the District Attorney's Office, Tarrant County, Texas, byhand delivery.

GEORGE B. MACKEY

NOTICE OF HEARING

This matter is to be heard by the Judge of Criminal District Court Number Three of Tarrant County, Texas, on the __ day of , 2012, at .m.

GEORGE B. MACKEY

..

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANTCOUNTY,TEXAS

ORDER

On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2012, came on to be considered RICHARD BROWN's

Motion To Instruct Venireman and Jurors To Not Discuss Or Research Using The Internet or

Electronic Devices Or To Seize Said Devices. and said.motion is hereby .

(Granted) IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the jury shall be instructed that they cannot use any electronic communication devices during the trial to discuss, research, or disseminate any information regarding evidence produced or testimony presented.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Bailiff shall seize all electronic communication devices from the jurors during deliberation.

(Denied) to which the Defendant excepts.

JUDGE PRESIDING

13

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

MOTION TO SUPPRESS THE FORENSIC VIDEO INTERVIEW OF THE CHILD WITH C.P.S., ALLIANCE FOR CHILDREN, OR OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

Motion No.

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:

Now comes RICHARD BROWN, Defendant, and files this Motion To Exclude the

Forensic Interview of the Child in this cause, and in support would show:

1. Statements to Forensic Investigators violate the Defendant's right to confrontation

and cross-examination under the United States Constitution, 6th Amendment and the Texas

Constitution, Article I, Section 19, and Crawford v. Washington, 124 S.Ct. 1354; 541 U.S. 36,

(2004).

:2. Where a child describes past events during an interview with a forensic

interviewer and there is no on-going emergency being addressed in the interview, the resulting

statement should be deemed testimonial. Here the videotaped interview of the child was watched

outside the interview room by the investigating Detective, and spoke with the Forensic

Interviewer during the child's interview in order to extract other evidence.

3. Where a collateral source reports past criminal behavior by the defendant to an

organization statutorily required to investigate such complaints (in this case, Child Protective

Services and the Fort Worth Police Department) and where the record contains no evidence that the contact served anything other than an investigative purpose, the statements will be found to

be testimonial. Wells v. State, 241 S.W.3d 172, 175-76 (Tex. App.-Eastland 2007, pet. refd)

4. Interviews of the alleged injured party and video/audio of same by caseworkers

with Alliance for Children and/or Child Protective Services, or other law enforcement agency,

constitute inadmissible evidence under the grounds stated in this motion.

5. The interview of the alleged victim by the forensic interviewer was improperly

suggestive. Repetition of questions designed to elicit answers favorable to the prosecution

constitutes improper suggestibility, as well.

6. Defendant requests the Court to suppress the forensic interview of the child in this

case.

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, RICHARD BROWN prays that the Court exclude the forensic interview of the child as requested.

Respectfully submitted,

George B. Mackey 101 Summit Avenue, Suite 318 Fort Worth, Tx 76102 Tel: (817) 336-1008 Fax: (817) 336-5437

By: __________________________________ GEORGE B. MACKEY State Bar No. 12779500 Attorney for RICHARD BROWN

I '·

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

This is to certify that on , 2012, a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing document was served on the District Attorney's Office, Tarrant County, Texas, by hand delivery.

GEORGE B. MACKEY

ORDER FOR A SETTING .

On , 2012, the Defendant filed a Motion to Suppress the Forensic Interview ofthe Child With C.P.S., Alliance For Children, Or Other Law Enforcement Agency. The Court finds that the party is entitled to a hearing on this matter, and it is THEREFORE ORDERED that a hearing on this motion IS set for ___________________________,2012,m _____

Signed on _________________________, 2012.

JUDGE PRESIDING

r·. .· ·•

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANTCOUNTY,TEXAS

MOTION TO SUPPRESS TESTIMONY OF CHILD WITNESS

Motion No.

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:

Now comes RICHARD BROWN, Defendant, and moves the Court to dismiss the

indictment in this cause, or in the alternative to suppress the testimony of the alleged child victim

and for cause would show the Court as follows:

I.

Defendant is charged in this cause by indictment alleging eleven counts involving sexual

abuse of Defendant's niece, age 8, alleged to be the victim. The State will most likely seek to

introduce the testimony o the alleged victim in the trial of this cause.

II.

The indictment arose from an investigation conducted by the Fort Worth Police

Department, Texas Department of Human Services, Alliance For Children, and other agencies of

the State unknown to the Defendant. During these investigations, the alleged child victim was

repeatedly interviewed by representatives of those agencies. During all of the interviews, notes

were taken of the questions asked and the responses of the witness. Some of the interviews were

videotaped and otherwise recorded. The recordings of the interviews contain inconsistent

statements of the witness.

Motion To Suppress Testimony of Child Witness Page I

III.

The techniques used in these interviews were inherently suggestive in that the child

witness was repeatedly questioned by adult authority figures in a leading and suggestive manner.

The cumulative effect of the repeated suggestive interviews was to taint the memory of the child

witness, a phenomenon known as secondary gain. (See attached affidavit). Secondary gain, in

effect, substitutes the knowledge implanted in the child's memory by the suggestive interviews

for the child's memory of the actual event. The inconsistencies in the taped statements and other

statements of the child indicate a substantial likelihood that secondary gain has occurred. There

further exists a substantial risk the testimony of the alleged child victim s now irreparably tainted

and the facts that the child will elate in their testimony at trial will be the result of the suggestive

interrogation rather than the child's accurate recollection of the events. The process is

irreversible and a fair trial cannot be had if the testimony of the alleged child victim is presented.

IV.

Because the State's action in this case has rendered a fair trial impossible Defendant's

right to due process guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution ofthe United

States and right to due course of law guaranteed by Art. 1 Sec. 19 of the Texas Constitution has

been violated.

v.

Since the State's case rests almost entirely on the testimony of the child, the only

meaningful remedy would be dismissal of the indictment herein or in the alternative suppression

of the testimony of the child and all statements made by the witnesses which are shown to be the

result of the improper investigative technique.

Motion To Suppress Testimony of Child Witness Page 2

MEMORANDUM

A. Due process.·

The Courts have long recognized that improper interview techniques by law enforcement

in the context of lineups and photo lineups may be so impermissibly suggestive as to lead to a

substantial likelihood of misidentification. Such procedures, therefore render the testimony of

the identification witness so untrustworthy that introduction of the evidence constitutes a

violation of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States

Constitution. See, Foster v. California 394 U.S. 440 (1969); Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293

(1967).

Recently, in Ex Parte Bradley, 781 S.W.2d 886 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989), the Court of

Criminal Appeals observed that improper investigative techniques in contexts other than

identification procedures may so affect the trustworthiness of the proceeding as to constitute a

violation of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the due course of law

clause of Article 1 Sec. 19 of the Texas Constitution. Ex Parte Bradley, at 891 of781 S.W.2d.

While studies on the effect of improper interview techniques of child witnesses are a

recent innovation, their conclusions indicate a real danger of irreparable damage to the child

victim's ability to relate accurately the occurrences in question. Psychologist experienced in the

field can evaluate the impact of investigative techniques on the memory of a child. The social

sciences have begun to recognize the phenomenon of secondary gain which amounts to the

substitution of facts learned during the interview process for those observed by the child at the

time of the event in question. The process renders the child incapable of accurately remembering

the event in question.

Motion To Suppress Testimony of Child Witness Page 3

' I

B. Suggested procedure.

Another analogous phenomenon which has been dealt with by the courts is the

hypnosis of a witness in an attempt to aid recall. In Zani v. State, 758 S.W.2d 233

(Tex.Crim.App. 1988), the Court of Criminal Appeals dealt directly with the issue of the

admissibility of a witness' testimony after hypnosis. The opinion reviewed the opinion

of other courts and scientific literature on the subject of hypnosis and noted the dangers

associated with the use of the procedure on witnesses in an attempt to enhance their

memory of an event. Generally, the noted dangers can be categorized as follows:

1. Hypersuggestibility. The witness is extremely susceptible while under hypnosis to suggestion of facts which the witness later recalls as having actually occurred. Often this may be the result of the witnesses compelling desire to please the interviewer by "remembering" facts suggested by the interviewer.

2. Loss of crl.tical judgment. The witness loses his critical judgment and causes him to give credence to memories so vague and fragmentary they would not have relied on them before being hypnotized.

3. Confabulation.Neither the subject nor the interviewer can distinguish between real memories and "pseudomemories" arising from various causes including the two described above. Even after the interview ends the subject remains unable to distinguish between true memories and confabulation.

4. Memory "cementing".The witness becomes much more sure of a vague memory after the session. Often the memory of the witness becomes enhanced by suggestion occurring during the session and the subject then can not distinguish his actual memory from his memory acquired during the session. · He becomes more sure of his recollection because of the enhancement supplied by the session.

Zani v. State, at 237-238 of758 S.W.2d.

The Zani Court did not discuss the admissibility of the testimony of a witness who has been previously hypnotized in the context of due process but instead analyzed its admissibility in light of a defense objection that "there is no proper basis for permitting such testimony as a matter of scientific reliability". Zani v. State, at 235 of 758 S.W.2d. In light of the foregoing

Motion To Suppress Testimony of Child Witness Page 4 \ .;. . ~

recognized uncertainties of posthypnotic testimony the Court fashioned a rule for admissibility to protect the integrity of the fact finding process. The Court held:

"We conclude that because of the uncertainties inherent in posthypnotic testimony it is appropriate to require the proponent of such testimony to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the trial court, outside the jury's presence, by clear and convincing evidence, that such testimony is trustworthy."

Zani v. State at 243 of758 S.W.2d.

The analogy is clear. The danger of secondary gain resulting from improper questioning of a child witness is very much like the outlined dangers associated with hypnotically enhanced testimony. Defendant urges that a similar burden be placed on the State to establish the reliability of the testimony of the child once it has been established that the improper questioning has occurred. In the instant case expert testimony will establish the suggestiveness of the procedures used.

WHEREFORE, Defendant prays that upon final hearing of this motion that the Court dismiss the indictment herein or in the Alternative suppress the testimony of the alleged child victim as well as any statements made by , concerning the subject matter of the indictment and instruct the state not to seek to introduce the suppressed evidence in any manner at the trial of this cause.

Respectfully submitted, George B. Mackey 101 Summit Avenue, Suite 318 Fort Worth, Tx 76102 Tel: (817) 336-1008 Fax: (817) 336-5437

By: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ GEORGE B. MACKEY State Bar No. 12779500 Attorney for RICHARD BROWN

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

The undersigned hereby certifies that a true and correct copy of the foregoing Motion was hand delivered to the District Attorney of Tarrant County, Texas on this the _ _ day of March, 2012.

GEORGE B. MACKEY

Motion To Suppress Testimony of Child Witness Page 5

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

MOTION TO SUPPRESS SANE NURSE TESTIMONY SINCE SUCH EVIDENCE VIOLATES CRAWFORD V. WASHINGTON I MELENDEZ-DIAZ AND VIOLATES KELLY V. STATE FOR RELEVANCE AND RELIABILITY

Motion No.

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:

Now comes RICHARD BROWN, Defendant, and files this Motion To Suppress SANE

Nurse Testimony Since Such Evidence Violate Crawford V. Washington/Melendez-Diaz And

Violates Kelly V. State For Relevance And Reliability, and in support would show:

1. Statements made to medical personnel may be testimonial hearsay depending on

the context of the statement. De La Paz v. State, 273 S.W.3d 671, 680 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008).

Where a child describes past events during an interview with a forensic interviewer and there is

no on-going emergency being addressed in the interview, the resulting statement will be deemed

testimonial.

2. The admission of the testimony of the SANE nurse at Cook Children's Hospital

as to what the alleged victim said as "medical history" and the nurse's opinion that sexual abuse

has occurred after normal results of the physical examination for sexual assault of the alleged

child victim is not relevant and reliable under Kelly v. State, 824 S.W.2d 568 (Tex.Crim.App.

1991).

3. The opinion from the SANE nurse is not credible or reliable since such evidence

is "junk science". Credible evidence would dictate that sexual intercourse would leave indelible signs of sexual activity such as stretching, scarring, and ruptured tissue of the vaginal and anal

area. Since the physical examination of the alleged child victim shows no evidence of sexual

assault, to allow a witness that it is her opinion that sexual abuse has occurred must necessarily

rely solely upon the medical history of sexual abuse having occurred. Such evidence is hearsay

and a denial of the Defendant's right to cross-examine and confront the witness since there was

no contemporaneous cross-examination at the time the medical history was taken.

4. Since the opinion by the nurse is based on the hearsay statements of the alleged

victim taken as medical history for trial purposes, and therefore testimonial under Crawford v.

Washington, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), the Defendant's right to confront and cross-

examine the witnesses against him under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and

Article I, Section 10 Texas Constitution is violated.

5. As an attempt to offer the evidence under an exception to the hearsay rule for

medical diagnosis and treatment is analogous to the business records exception when used for the

production of evidence at trial.

"Documents kept in the regular course of business may ordinarily be admitted at trial

despite their hearsay status. Fed. R. Evid. 803(6). But that is not the case if the regularly

conducted business activity is the production o[evidence [or use at trial."

The SANE nurse is part of the prosecution/law enforcement team whose sole purpose is to

obtain evidence of a testimonial nature to be used at trial.

6. In this case the hearsay exception as medical records is for the sole purpose of

production of evidence for use at trial and is therefore not admissible.

7. Here the purpose of the creation of the records and alleged medical testimony is

solely for trial purposes.

"The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, made applicable to the States via the

Fourteenth Amendment, provides that in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the

right to be confronted with the witnesses against him. In Crawford v. Washington, the United

States Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment guarantees a defendant's right to confront

those who bear testimony against him. "

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, RlCHARD BROWN prays that the

Court grant this motion as requested.

Respectfully submitted,

George B. Mackey 101 Summit Avenue, Suite 318 Fort Worth, Tx 76102 Tel: (817) 336-1008 Fax: (817) 336-5437

By:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ GEORGE B. MACKEY State Bar No. 12779500 Attorney for RlCHARD BROWN

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

This is to certify that on , 2012, a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing document was served on the District Attorney's Office, Tarrant County, Texas, by hand delivery.

GEORGE B. MACKEY

ORDER FOR A SETTING

On , 2012, the Defendant filed a Motion to Exclude SANE . Nurse Opinion of Sexual Abuse. The Court finds that the party is entitled to a hearing on this matter, and it is THEREFORE ORDERED that a hearing on this motion is set for __________________________,2012,m _____

Signed on ________________________, 2012.

JUDGE PRESIDING

NO. 1250248

THE STATE OF TEXAS § IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT §

vs. § NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANTCOUNTY,TEXAS

ORDER

On ---------------------- , 2012, came on to be considered RICHARD

BROWN's Motion To Exclude SANE Nurse Testimony, and said motion is hereby

(Granted) (Denied)

JUDGE PRESIDING

. FJLED .i TARRANT COUNTY

. NO. 1250248D

. 201~ JUN 20 PH 12: 59

STATE § IN THE CRIMINAL DISTRICT THOMAS A. WILDER § v. DISTRICT CLERK § COURT NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

STATE'S REPLY TO DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL

COMES NOW, the State of Texas, by and through the Criminal District Attorney of Tarrant County, Texas, makes this repiy to tne uefendant's request for appointment of counsel for a post-conviction DNA testing, and in support shows the following:

I. STATEMENT OF THE CASE

The defendant, RICHARD BROWN ("Defendant"), pled guilty, pursuant to a plea

agreement, to the second degree felony offense of indecency with a child by contact on June 20,

2012. See\A.ttachment A: Judgment, No. 1250248D. In accordance with the plea agreement, the

trial court sentenced Defendant to eleven years confinement in the Texas Department of

Criminal Justice - Institutional Division. See Attachment A.

Defendant did not appeal his conviction. See Criminal Docket Sheet, No. 1250248D.

II. THERE IS NO EVIDENCE TO BE TESTED

Pursuant to art. 64.02 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the State denies that

evidence exists that might .contain biological material. See Attachment B: Stimpson Affidavit;

Attachment C: Arthurs Affidavit. The only evidence collected was Defendant's buccal swab.

See Attachment C, p~ 3.

-\ ' r-__.. ...1111111'

......

III. BECAUSE THERE IS NO EVIDENCE TO BE TESTED, THERE IS NO NEED FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL.

Defendant filed his request for appointment of counsel on July 16, 2013. 1 Counsel is

only required to be appointed "if the person informs the court that the person wishes to submit a

motion under this chapter, the court finds reasonable grounds for a motion to be filed, and the

court determines that the person is indigent." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(c).

There is no need to appoint Defendant counsel because there is no evidence, other than

Defendant's own buccal swab, to test. See Attachment B; Attachment C. There are no

reasonable grounds for a motion to be filed.

IV. CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

Because there is no evidence to test for DNA, there are no reasonable grounds for a

motion for DNA testing. Defendant's request for appointment of counsel should be DENIED.

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the State prays the Court DENY

Defendant's request for appointment of counsel.

Respectfully submitted,

JOE SHANNON, JR. Criminal District Attorney Tarrant County, Texas

~~-----~

Andrea Jacobs Assistant District Attorney State Bar No. 24037596 401 West Belknap Fort Worth, TX 76196-02.01 Phone: 817/884-1687 Facsimile: 817/884-1672

1

The State received Defendant's request for counsel on May 23, 2014.

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

A true copy of the above reply has been mailed to the defendant, Mr. Richard Brown,

TDCJ-ID# 01794390, Lynaugh Unit, 1098 S. Highway 2037, Fort Stockton, Texas 79735 on the

20th day of June, 2014.

Andrea Jacobs

,, -7···--·-··-

AFFIDAVIT

Before me, the undersigned authority, personally appeared Thomas A. Stimpson, who being by me duly sworn, deposed as follows: . My name is Thomas A. Stimpson, I am of sound mind, capable of making this affidavit, and am personally acquainted with the facts herein stated. I am the property/evidence custodian for . Fort Worth Police Department· Forensic Crime L~_Q. I have thoroughly searched for any property or evidence relating to our Offense Report No. 11-072200- Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child - Defendant: Brown, Richard, which might contain biological evidence and have found the following stated facts to be true and correct:

Our records indicate that the Fort Worth Police Department Forensic Crime Lab was never in possession of any evidence relating to the above case/cause number.

Further affiant sayeth llaught. ~-----­

Affiant

SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED before me on this the \q-\:i.day

of~ ,2014. ~

My commission expires: 8-19-2014

.!

AFFIDAVIT

Before me, the undersigned authority, personally appeared--'----

BRUCE ARTHURS, who being by me duly sworn, deposed as follows: . My name is BRUCE ARTHURS , I am of sound mind, capable of making this affidavit, and am personally acquainted with the facts herein stated. I am the property/evidence custodian for Fort. Worth Police Department Property Room. I have thoroughly searched for any property or evidence relating to our Offense Report No. 11-072200 - Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child - Defendant: Brown, Richard, which might contain biological evidence and have found the following Stated facts to be true and correct:

All evidence relating to the above cas~ number was destroyed on ____________ ~~· ...

- - Documentation of evidence destruction attached.

-~

Documentation of evidence destruction is not available.

Our records indicate that our agency .was never in possession of any evidence relating to the above case/cause number.

X Evidence or property exists relative to the above case number ·..

that might contain biological evidence. An evidence.. list is attached;

-I -

c

. .. .. . .

~ .. ....; ·... _, ....

Our records indicate that our agency is m possessiOn of property or evidence relative to the above case/cause number; however, it cannot be located.

Our records indicate all evidence relating to the above case/cause number was released to:

------------------------------

on ________________

Further affiant sayeth naught.

Affiant

SWORN TO AND SUBSCRIBED before me on this the 27~ay of tna.y. , 201d

Pubiic, State of Texas

J. P. POLLARD Notary Public STATE OF TEXAS

My Comm. Exp. Deo. 22, 2015 My commission expires: /2 ~22-16 .

'

CoPY

j(J

0 Homicide Dsoo 0 Sexual Assault Q Fraud~Other·:~;c·~-3 Property

C"0 Evidenc~ 0 Recovered GJ Pending Seizure CJ Personal Offense/Incident - --- 1

Report# I Supplement: Offense Type: Location:

'------~

I

110072200/0002 Agg. Sex. Ass/Child ' Reported Stolen on Report#: ~ency: FWPD Sul:im itted By Officer: · Unit: Date/Time:

~ 18 77 - EZELLE,B CACU 07/26/201111:29

---

'

.,.,---_ Person Summary

-~vi ~ Name ~ ~ace Sex 008 v sus I BROWN,ROBERT .5) ' 8 M

"----- ~ .-. ·. ·.·. ~~~ .i~--"· ·~':jf~m~s~.§!-!.~!!1!1~!~ . ,:~"'~;,_,;,/},!~:.~.: ._;,.....•... ;"'·. .... ·~. ' .· • ., . ... ."\!!f: ,'· '· .•. :: ·•-:-~···~ ..... ; ,. ~··. ·-·· • Item# lnvl Value Brand Desc./ Model (ARTICLf:S) Serial# Location 1 EVD Buccai taken from Richard_Brown, suspect.-~ ProperJY Room Instructions/Comments About' Evidence i S-uspect's correct name is Richard Brown, a tiiack male date of birth 12.:os-6ci} Stamp

,. •.

Property Room

.. ·.

Receilied By (Name/IDNO): Date/Time: Tag#: 110009211 IOffense #: 11 0072200

··~

...

CHAIR I s ~· EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & GENERAL COUNSEL JOAL CANNON SHERIDAN CHRISTINE E. MCKEEMAN

VICE CHAIR DEPUTY DIRECTOR/COUNSEL

MARVIN W. JONES GAYLE RILEY VICKERS

MEMBERS EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT ROBERT A. BLACK JACKIE L. TRUITT DAVIDA. CHAUMETTE THE BOARD OF DISCIPLINARY APPEALS JEANNE C. "CEZY" COLLINS JACK R. CREWS APPOINTED BY THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS RAMON L. ECHEVARRIA II GARY R. GURWITZ ROLAND K. JOHNSON DAVID N. KITNER KATHY]. OWEN November 20, 2014 GEORGE A. TAYLOR

Richard Brown #1794390, Lynaugh Unit 1098 S. Hwy. 2037 Fort Stockton, TX 79735 -.

RL Disposition of Appeal Notice Richard Brown v. George B. MacKey 20i40SS59; BOLJA case No. 55175 Dear iv'ir. Brown:

On November 20, 2014, the Board of Disciplinary Appeals appointed by the Supreme Court of Texas considered your appeal from the dismissal of the above grievance by the Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel of the State Bar of Texas. After reviewing the grievance as filed with the State Bar Chief Disciplinary Counsel's office and no other information, the Board grants the appeal, finding that the grievance alleges a poss.ible violation of the following Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct:

Rules(s) 1.03; 1.14; 1.15

The Board of Disciplinary Appeals will now return the case to the Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel for investigation and a determination whether there is just cause to believe that the attorney has committed professional misconduct. The Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel will notify both parties of each step of the process, including asking the attorney to respond to the complaint. For information concerning the handling of the case from this point forward, please contact the regional Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel in charge of your case.

Information concerning the discipline~ry system, the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, and the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure are available at www.texasbar.com. The Board's Internal Procedural Rules are available at www.txboda.org.

Very truly yours,

Christine E. McKeeman Executive Director & General Counsel CEM/jt cc: George B. MacKey

Laura Popps State Bar of Texas PO Box 13287 Austin, TX 78711 {512) 427-1350 {877) 953-5535 toll free

POST OFFICE BOX 12426 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711 TEL: (512) 427-1578 FAX: (512) 427-4130 WWW.TXBODA.ORG

··,

':lAME RICHARD BROWN OFFENSE SEXUAL ASLT CHILD (AGG) ADDRESS 4012 EASTOVER ST DATE 7/8/2011 Habitual FORT WORTH TX 76119 J.P. ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM RACE B SEX M AGE 50 DOB 12/8/1960 CASE NO. 1250248 DATE FILED .8112/2011 AGENCY Fort Worth PD '

CID NO. 0383978 OFFENSE NO. 11-072200 COURT Criminal District Court No. 3

INDICTMENT NO. 1250248

IN THE NAME AND BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: THE GRAND JURORS OF TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, duly elected, tried, empaneled, sworn, and charged to inquire of offenses committed in Tarrant County, in the State of Texas, upon their oaths do present in and to the

of the said County that RICHARD BROWN, herdnafter called Defendant, in the County of Tarrant and State aforesaid, on or about the 8th day of July 2011, did ......-... --·-·----- ,

fHEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE ANUS OF ANN COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM),_A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE DEFENDANT, . :

COUNT TWO: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8Jl-I_J2A.Y OF JULY, 2011, DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE ANUS OF ANN COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OFAGE,TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE DEFENDANT, .

COUNT THREE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE g::[-I=J~Y OF JULY, 2011, DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE ANUS OF ANN COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE DEFENDANT,

. COUNT FOUR: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE AN US OF ANN / COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE DEFENDANT,

COUNT FIVE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8IH DAY OF JULY, 2011, DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE MOUTH OF ANN COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE >ENIS OF THE DEFENDANT, '

COUNT SIX: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, DID THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY CAUSE THE MOUTlfOF'-A.N-N..:COLEMAN (A PSEUDONYM), A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 14 YEARS OF AGE, TO CONTACT THE PENIS OF THE DEFENDANT, 1 ....:..,.

'JAME RICHARD BROWN CASE NO. 1250248 PAGE 2 of 3

COUNT SEVEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT EIGHT: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFTARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT NINE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE GENITALS OF ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT TEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OFT ARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL ';)ESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT, ENGAGE IN SEXUAL CONTACT BY TOUCHING THE GENITALS OF · ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS,

COUNT ELEVEN: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED IN AND TO SAID COURT THAT THE DEFENDANT IN THE COUNTY OF TARRANT AND STATE AFORESAID ON OR ABOUT THE 8TH DAY OF JULY, 2011, THEN AND THERE INTENTIONALLY EXPOSE HIS PENIS TO ANN COLEMAN PSEUDONYM, A CHILD YOUNGER THAN 17 YEARS, KNOWING SAID CHILD WAS PRESENT, WITH THE INTENT TO AROUSE OR GRATIFY THE SEXUAL DESIRE OF SAID DEFENDANT,

HABITUAL OFFENDER NOTICE: AND IT IS FURTHER PRESENTED TO SAID COURT THAT PRIOR TO THE COMMISSION OF THE OFFENSE OR OFFENSES SET OUT ABOVE, THE DEFENDANT WAS FINALLY CONVICTED OF THE FELONY OFFENSE OF ROBBERY BY .XMRENI'S, IN THE 371ST DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, IN CAUSE NUMBER 0800070A, ON THE 26TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 211Ql AND, THAT PRIOR TO THE COMMISSION OF THE OFFENSE OR OFFENSES FOR WHICH THE DEFENDANT WAS CONVICTED AS SET OUT ABOVE, THE DEFENDANT WAS FINALLY CONVICTED OF THE FELONY OFFENSE OF BURGI ARY OF A MA-BIT ATION, IN THE 297TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, IN CAUSE NUMBER 0744694D, ON THE 25TH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 2000, r~- 1'"'

1

'II . . i f ~J

'

{/ .

I ~

!

ll IAME RICHARD BROWN

1

CASE NO. 1250248 PAGE 3 of 3

I )

Filed (Clerk's use only)

"'

AGAINST THE PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE.

Criminal District Attorney Foreman of the Grand Jury Tarrant County, Texas Tl\Tr'ITrT~Ift=l,.TT f"\Dlr!Tl\1 AT

F~\LE'D"· TARRAHT COUNTY

·· · · NO. 1250248D

20\~ JUN 20· PM: \t·OO

STATE . § IN TliE CRIMINAL DISTRICT THOMAS A. W\LOER § V. 0\STR\CT CLERK ·§ COURT NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

STATE'S PROPOSED MEMORANDUM, FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

The State proposes the follo:wing :tyfemQrandum, Findings of Fact .and

Conclusions of Law regarding Defendanf~ Motion for Appointment of Counsel.

MEMORANDUM

The defendant, RICHARD BROWN ("Defendant"), requests appointment of

counsel for filing a motion for DNA testing. See Motion for Appointment of Counsel

("Motion"), p. 1.

In light of the evidence presented, the Court should consider the following

proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law.

FINDINGS OF FACT

General Facts

1. Defendant pled guilty, pursuant-to a plea agree~ent, to the second degree felony · offense of indecency. with a child by contact on June 20, 2012. See State's Reply, A~---1-,.,....,-- ... ~- _•'T_.-tg·---t ... tl\:-J.t , 1\T.~

.rl..Lta.\..:.:..u..J..l~J..l~ ~~· u~ 1 121;:/V'IAOn. "~'-'· .1 ... u.......,.

_~v

.

~~ · ·-2. In accordance with the plea ·agreement, the trial court sentenced Defendant to eleven years confinement in. the Texas Department of Criminal -Justice - Institutional Division. See Attachment A.

'·

3. Defendant did not appeal his conviction: See Criminal Docket Sheet, No.

1250248D.

No Relevant Evidence Exists

4. Pursuant to art. 64.02 of the Texas Code of Criminal procedure, the State denies that evidence exists that might contain relevant biological material. See State's '

·t

Reply, Attachment B: Stimpson Affidavit; State's Reply, Attachment C: Arthurs Affidavit; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 64.02(2)(B).

5. The only evidence that exists is Defendant's buccal swab which contains.

biological material but is irrelevant to this offense ..

6. There is no evidence containing relevant biological material to test in this case,.

Appointment of Counsel

7. Because there is no relevant evidence to test, there are no reasonable grounds for a motion for DNA testing.

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

Appointment of Counsel

Defendant filed his request for appointment of counsel on July 16, 2103. See Request, p. 1.

2. Counsel is only required to be appointed "if the person informs the court that the person wishes to submit a motion under this chapter, the court finds reasonable -grounds for a motion to be filed, and the court determines that the person is indigent." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.01(c).

3. Defendant's buccal swab is not evidence that might contain relevant biological evidence to this offense.

4. Because no evidence exists that might contain relevant biological evidence, there are no reasonable grounds for a motion to be filed.

5. No appointment of counsel is required. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.

64.01(c).

6. Defendant's Motion for Appointment of Counsel is DENIED.

WHEREFORE, the State prays that this Court adopt these Proposed Findings of

Fact a.Pd Conclusions of Law and DENY the Defendant's Request for DNA testing.

Respectfully submitted,

JOE SHANNON, JR. Criminal District Attorney Tarrant County r-----.. Andrea Jacobs Assistant District Attorney State Bar No. 24037596 40 1 West Belknap Fort Worth, TX 76196-0201 Phone: 817/884-1687 Facsimile: 817/884-1672

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

A true copy of the above has been mailed to Defendant, Mr. Richard Brown,

TDCJ-ID# 01794390, Lynaugh Unit, 1098 S. Highway 2037, Fort Stockton, Texas 79735

on or before the 20th day of June, 2014.

Andrea Jacobs

NO. 1250248D

STATE § I~ THE CRIMINAL DISTRICT §

v. § COURT NUMBER THREE OF §

RICHARD BROWN § TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS

ORDER

The Court adopts the State's Memorandum, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

and DENIES the Request for Appointment of Counsel ofRICHARD BROWN, because there are no reasonable grounds for a motion for DNA testing as no evidence containing relevant

biological material exists in a condition making DNA testing possible. See Tex. Code Crim.

Proc. Ann. arts. 64.01(c); 64.03(a)(1)(A)(West 2011). The Court further orders and directs:

The Clerk of this Court to furnish a copy of this Order to Defendant, Mr. Richard Brown,

TDCJ-ID# 01794390, Lynaugh Unit, 1098 S. Highway 2037, Fort Stockton, Texas 79735 (or to

Defendant's most recent address), and to the appellate section of the District Attorney's Office.

SIGNED AND ENTERED this _ _ day of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 2014.

JUDGE PRESIDING

"

I r-

,,..... -...

,.•

·C.JCH.t:~ _r r {S,)

·'

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARJ:5 BROWN, § Petitioner, § §

V. § Civil Action No.4: 14-CV-839-0 §

WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, 1 § Texas Department of Criminal Justice, § Correctional Institutions Division, § · Respondent. §

91~J!J}:R ~~~l'1l1~IlNG~PRGCEED!N'; 1N ~i:HE'.DI~TRICTCOTJR::;~,-., · · " and · · · ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE, NOTICE, AND INSTRUCTIONS TO PARTIES

( ) A filing fee in the amount of $5.00 has been tendered.

(X) Petitioner's Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 is GRANTED.

It is therefore ORDERED that the parties shall comply with the followip.g directives and the clerk of Court shall takethe action indicated below: :.

You will take notice that a "Petition For a Writ of Habeas Corpus by~~·Per~·an in State Custody," numbered ~-- and styled as above, has been filed in this Court pursuant to the provisions of28 u.·s.c. §§ 2241, et seq. Pleadings and briefs are required or permitted as follows:

RESPONDENT'S ANSWER. Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section2254 Cases in the United States District Courts, Respondent is directed to file an answer to this petition within 60 days of the date of this order, answering in _accordance with Rule 5 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts. If Respondent believes the petition is wholly barred by a failure to exhaust state remedies, a procedural bar, !!.9_J?..:I~!I9..'!~!jvit_y,..,g.Uh~:?.t?t.!!lt~_9.f limj_tations, he. ~11~y_ fi~.i!__orel_ip1inary ans\y~..r_~ss~_rting ai_!Y_such baL_Pii_9r to answeri'ii.g on 'tlie :rntJi'ts:' ;, " ; ' . . . . . . . . .. ·~ - .. -- -~c . . :- • ' .- - -

REPLY. Pursuant to Rule 5( e) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, Petitioner may file a reply within 30 days from the date of service of Respondent's answer, motion, or other pleading.

BRIEFS. Briefs, as required or permitted by the provisions of this paragraph, should comply with the 25-

~ limitation under Local Rule 7.2(c) and should be submitted on letter size paper and double spaced. Each argument with supporting citations advanced in the brief should clearly specify the specific ground of the motion or numbered paragraph of the pleading it seeks to support or oppose. B1iefs are required or permitted as follows:

1. Respondent's brief. Respondent may file such brief as he may deem appropriate. 2. Reply brief. A reply brief is not required. However, in any case in which Respondent has filed a brief, a reply brief limited to 10 pages may be filed by Petitioner, should he wish to do so, within a period

1

Petitioner misspells RespoQdent Stephens last name as "Stevenson." The clerk of Court is directed to docket and change the last name of Respondent to reflect the correct spelling. .. .. :.

of 30 days following service of Respondent's brief. Each paragraph of such reply brief must specify the precise paragraph or part of Respondent's brief to which reply is being made, and must be limited to a reply to Respondent's argument. Under no circumstances will any statement or argument s777et forth in an original or reply brief be considered as a part of the pleadings so as to advance new grounds for relief or to supplement any grounds or supporting facts set out in the petition.

In every case a copy of the petition, pending motions, and any orders shall be served on the Attorney General, counsel for the State of Texas, by electronic means. 2 N.D. Tex. L. Civ. R. 5.l(e). In every case a copy of any brief, pleading, motion or order shall be mailed to Petitioner, if pro se, or served electronically on counsel for Petitioner. !d.

SO ORDERED on this 3rd day of December, 2014.

~a~ eehcoi'J UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

2 Based upon communication with the Texas Attorney General's Office, this Court will not serve copies of the petition, attachments, pending motions, and orders upon Director Stephens. Instead, copies of the petition, attachments, pending motions and orders will be served electronically upon the Texas Attorney General, counsel for the Director, and will be directed to the attention of Elizabeth Goettert, Assistant Attorney General, Postconviction Litigation Division, P. 0. Box 12548, Austin, TX 7871 i-2548. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b )(2)(E).

··.

a:ItJJJ.kio l!>iWwJ:J . ~ ·..· ~ ,, .. ..

~~- ·.·~

~ '

Pi11 'f!Gi.lttl

vs.

WHlfilffl Sf£ flHENS

UHI~f'il)l).Tr

NOw C. tii¥ifS /lJCHJ\RO dQ'Vw /.1 HCIL£1..1-!1)({({2 Lfft.O.J)..fO /(; AS Plr:J((ta.tfR. J N 11(( J\I'!.JM tiVJ1fttUL"O /1 tf ,·j ··\'7 I f ·., AioiO '5f'/l iD {.ii')'l rJfl(-5t !-((5 'fH(S PiC LA~ li11bH F'(il~ Et-i~/!r tlf' O(:'A\(.)t.T/

fijf ( oull"l f!lfS A f.l D 12.t-:-ctJP. D.S tlfl2£rli S f1r;fAI TkJ\ f' 7t(e' RfSJlt1J..i0f.'/.i T wA .-; CitiOt £1£.0 G~~ C..WP I ro A~wttlTt.Kt PtT11Ufi.((tl5 WW" ~"<'--':C. 11JIUC.AS' CoPPvs e'f'IIr~ t1'ff·r2J'P5., · , .. -·

~t:~Pt!Ht£Hf Fl'l...£1) F'f!BT rl-1of'J.a~ (vii £ Y(f#I.Tc. t( ·Of TJ!IIf 1 5Al I) t Ylf'llllC.ff fflF rnFI ~-· W.'II'S 7(? lt-ILlUOV·K> rt'U f)NI; 1tlAI2C:t-l b, '201~ 1:.0 ffL£ Rts Po~~s.r:vc PL£Ao.r;.s(1, .

J'l1o~f IHOl 11' Dt..VS t1JWftLAPSED 5If.IC( THe Oliff. ~H WtiJtH Rr$foONOt:.t-IT j,VA.5

bUDfllED HI iltsroND 1 1i!t':' i2f'EfloJ.lDfl-lf AS (At:L.ED 10 lft-:15u-tR cr< OTH£il.W!-Sf OfrfNO A') 10 PtTJ7:{t)fi./ft~~~ f(TITJi;~f P<ii~~IJ/Ittr·q·'J:J5Lf 1 Oil, -;;tll.iiE A <:t;;rJ•/ Clf' /ltiY' A._(~~~t~ (.iiJ IINV 0£Ft·tqC£ Wfllcff rt tn1'c)ffr H~vt. HAD,

Rt 5-Pvi-IUHli 1':., ~v(..'f :;iff ri!e .r/1.1.U:.[A ·. .

(ly .

"Sf(lr!~[

.... .

AHD IS i-lt/1 II"' Ttlflft-lf ?'~ !11/J (C'InPtffT, ~ '

- - .:.~ .. .

<!o.rr~rcLH'f or:· SflivJ.-cF r nrctV\tJ.D iiJ.0'.4ll-l , 01J 1-worBv c n2n F-Y -1 J-Ji\'1 A Tttvt- t\ND c ~flrt a r c.o.Pv ~f n1t FtiLf4ar.·,.t:.> fiA~ t~£Lt"-l 5t:'Ui I!:H v.s. UC:411Lil n. r1'1ArL f..\0f)I2CS1'FO /1) Ft7L'.l.t1;f'')! ·.

SvjAN ~J\fJ tfl!41.H:er ftSSf. ATf; <) ({Hi .l L (~I\ Q MO, ;J 1foTr i-f ;2 S f}O,~~YI;/'5t-ff5t (AtJITAt. ,SrJ\Ttvij · Avsn~N~TtYA~· 9&711

.::.

MIME-Version:l.O From:ecf_txnd®txnd.uscourts.gov To:Courtmail®txnddb.txnd.circ5.dcn

Message-Id:<8607456®txnd.uscourts.gov> Subject:Activity in Case 4:14-cv-00839-0 Brown v. Stephens, Director TDCJ-CID Judgment Content-Type: text/plain This is an automatic e-mail message generated by the CM/ECF system. Please DO NOT RESPOND to this e-mail because the mail box is unattended. ***NOTE TO PUBLIC ACCESS USERS*** Judicial Conference of the United States policy_permits attorneys o'f record and parties in a case (including prose litigants) to receive one free electronic copy of all documents filed electronically, if receipt is required by law or directed by the filer. PACER access fees apply to all other users. To avoid later charges, download a copy of each document during this first viewing. However, if the referenced document is a transcript, the free copy and 30 page limit do not apply.

U.S. District Court Northern District of Texas '

Notice of Electronic Filing The following transaction was entered on 7/29/2015 9:35AM CDT and filed on 7/29/2015

Case Name: Brown v. Stephens, Director TDCJ-CID Case Number: 4:14-cv-00839-0 https://ecf.txnd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?252696

Filer: WARNING: CASE CLOSED on 07/29/2015

Document Number: 19

Copy the URL address from the line below into the location bar of your Web browser to view the document: Document: https://ecf.txnd.uscourts.gov/docl/17719164305?caseid=252696&de_seq_num=56&magic _num=MAGIC

Docket Text: FINAL JUDGMENT: In accordance with its opinion and order signed this day, the Court DISMISSES the petition of Richard Brown pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ? 2254 in the above-captioned action as time-barred. (Ordered by Judge Reed C O'Connor on 7/29/2015) (ewd)

4:14-cv-00839-0 Notice has been electronically mailed to: Susan San Miguel susan.sanmiguel®oag.state.tx.us, laura.haney®oag.state.tx.us - -~"'

:Y /

'i:)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ·FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARD BROWN, § Petitioner, § §

VS. § Civil Action No. 4:14-CV-839-0 §

WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, § Texas Department of Criminal Justice, § Correctional Institutions Division, § Respondent. §

FINAL JUDGMENT

In accordance with its opinion and order signed this day, the Court DISMISSES the petition

of Richard Brown pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the above-captioned action as time-barred.

SO ORDERED on this 28th day of July, 2015.

~a~ eeriicofi~J UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH DIVISION

RICHARD BROWN, § §

Petitioner, § §

v. § Civil Action No.4: 14-CV-839-0 §

WILLIAM STEPHENS, Director, § Texas Department of Criminal Justice, § . Correctional Institutions Division, § §

Respondent. §

OPINION AND ORDER

Before the Court is a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 filed

by Petitioner, Richard Brown, a state prisoner confined in the Correctional Institutions Division of

the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), against William Stephens, Director of TDCJ,

Respondent. After considering the pleadings and relief sought by Petitioner, the Court has concluded \

that the petition should be dismissed as time-barred.

I. BACKGROUND

In September 2011 Petitioner was charged in a multi-count indictment with aggravated sexual

assault of a child and indecency v:ith a child by contact·in the Criminal District Court Number Three

of Tarrant County, Texas. Admin. R., SH2 93-94, ECF No. 12-2. The indictment also included a

habitual-offender notice alleging two prior Tarrant County felony convictions in cause numbers

0800070A and 0744694D. ld. On June 20, 2012, Petitioner's trial commenced, however, after a

jury had been selected and sworn, Petitioner decided to waive his right to a jury trial and plead guilty

to one count of indecency with a child. In exchange, the state agreed to waive the remaining counts ' ••• • 1 - - - - ·

and t~e habitual count, s.o .long as Petitioner pleaded true to the prior felony convictionjn cause

2

number 0800070A, and recommend an 11-year sentence. !d. at 96. Petitioner signed the written

admonishments concerning his rights, waivers and the consequences of his guilty plea, including the

fact that he faced the range of imprisonment for a "second degree felony enhanced" of 5 to 99 years,

and the trial court sentenced him according to the plea agreement. !d. 96-106. Having waived his

right to appeal, Petitioner did not directly appeal his conviction or sentence. Pet. 3, ECF No. 1. On

May 14, 2014, Petitioner filed a state habeas application challenging his conviction and sentence,

which was denied by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals without written order on the findings of

the trial court.' Admin. R., SH1, ECF No. 12-1. This federal petition for habeas relief challenging

his conviction and sentence was filed on October 10, 2014. 2 Pet. 10, ECF No. 1.

Petitioner raises six grounds for relief, wherein he claims his plea was coerced and he is

actually innocent ofthe offense (grounds one and three); he received ineffective assistance of trial

counsel (ground three); the indictment was defective (ground four); there is no evidence to support

his conviction (ground five); and the trial court abused its discretion by accepting his plea agreement

when there was no evidence ofhis guilt (ground six). Pet. at 6-7, ECF No.1; Pet'r's Mem. 4-24,

ECF No. 2. Respondent asserts the petition is time-barred under the federal statute of limitations.

II. DISCUSSION

Title 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) imposes a one-year statute ofliniitations on federal petitions for

writ of habeas corpus filed by state prisoners. Section 2244(d) provides:

'Petitioner's state habeas application is deemed filed when placed in the prison mailing system. Richards v.

Thaler, 710 F.3d 573, 578-79 (5th Cir. 2013). The application does not state the date Petitioner placed the document in the prison mailing system, however the "Inmate's Declaration" was signed by Petitioner on October 10, 20 14; thus, the Court deems the application filed on that date.

2 Likewise, a federal habeas petition filed by an inmate is deemed filed when the petition is placed in the prison mail system for mailing. Spotville v. Cain, 149 F.3d 3 74, 377 (5th Cir. 1998).

( 1) A 1-year period of limitations shall apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to ~he judgment of a State court. The limitations period shall run from the latest of-

(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review;

(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by such State action;

(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Comt and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or

(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.

(2) The time during which a properly filed application for State postconvicti 9n or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitations under this subsection.

7~ 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(l)-(2). ~· In an apparent attempt to trigger subsection (B) or (D), Petitioner asserts that his efforts to

seek postconviction relief were "impeded" by the state's failure to provide him with copies of the

state court records and that he obtained "new evidence"-i.e., a copy of the trial court's judgment of

conviction-after his state habeas proceeding reflecting that he was convicted of indecency with a

child, which is a third-degree felony carrying a range of imprisonment of 2 to 10 years. Pet'r's

file:: the stat~:-_c.o.urtrecor4:in a- habeas,corptls .proceedingmor;doe'~~~fi?risoner~lfav·e"'aconstitutional."

right to free copies of records or transcripts for the purpose of preparing a collateral attack on his

conviction or sentence. Furthermore, the trial court's judgment is not "new evidence." Petitioner

pleaded true to a prior felony conviction in cause number 0800070A as part of the plea agreement.

With one prior felony conviction, petitioner became classified as a repeat offender, and the range of

punishment was increased from that applicable for a third-degree felony to punishment applicable

for a second-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.§ _12;42(a) (West Supp. 2014). As a repeat

offender with one prior felony, the range of imprisonment Petitioner then faced was 2 to 20 years.

ld. § 12.42(a) (3). Petitioner only received 11 years' confinement upon his guilty plea, which was

within the statutory guidelines. Contrary to Petitioner's contention, the sentence did not exceed the

maximum punishment allowed· by law.

Because Petitioner fails to invoke subsections (B) or (D) or to raise a claim of newly

recognized rights under subsection (C), the general provision under subsection (A) applies to his

case. Under subsection (A), the limitations period began to run on the date on which the judgment

of conviction became final by the expiration of the time for seeking direct review. For purposes of ·•;:~~--·

this provision, the judgment of conviction became final and the one-year limitations period began

to run upon expiration of the time Petitioner had for filing a timely notice of appeal on July 20,2012,

and closed one year later on Monday, July 22,2013, absent any applicable tolling. 3 TEX. R. APP. P.

26.2; Flanagan v. Johnson, 154 F.3d 196, 200-02 (5th Cir. 1998).

t•- Petitioner's state habeas application, filed on May 14, 2014, after limitations had already

expired, did not operate to toll the limitations period under the statutory provision. 28 U.S.C. §

2244(d)(2); Scott v. Johnson, 227 F.3d 260, 263 (5th Cir. 2000). Nor has Petitioner alleged or

3 July 20,2013, was a Saturday.

demonstrated rare ,~nd exceptional circumstances that would justify tolling as a matter of equity.;

Equitable tolling is permitted only in rare and exceptional circumstances when an extraordinary

factor beyond the petitioner's control prevents him from filing in a timely manner or he can make

a convincing showing that he is actually innocent of the crime for which he was convicted.

McQuiggin v. Perkins, -U.S. - , 133 S. Ct. 1924, 1928 (2013) (referencing 28 U .S.C. §

2244(d)(1)); Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631 , 649 (2010). Petitioner concedes that his petition is

untimely but urges that his untimeliness is due to his indigent and pro se status and difficulty

obtaining records and to his trial counsel's failure to respond to his request for certain documents.

Pet'r's Rebuttal 1-3, ECF No. 15; Pet'r's Mem. of Law, Ex. 6, ECF No. 2. It is well settled,

however, that a petitioner's prose status, indigence, lack of knowledge of the law, and difficulty

obtaining records, all common problems of inmates who are trying to pursue postconviction habeas

relief, do not warrant equitable tolling of the limitations period. Felder v. Johnson, 204 F.3d 168,

171-72 (5th Cir. 2000); Turner v. Johnson, 177 F .3d 390, 391 (5th Cir. 1999). Moreover,

Petitioner's claim that counsel did not respond to his request is conclusory, and, even if Petitioner

could show that counsel ignored his request, the letter is dated August 13,2014, well after the one-

year limitations period had already expired.

Finally, a petitioner attempting to overcome the expiration of the statute of limitations by

showing actual innocence is required to produce "new reliable evidence-whether it be exculpatory

scientific evidence, trustworthy eyewitness accounts, or critical physical evidence"-sufficient to

persuade the district court that "no juror, acting reason.ably, would have voted to find him guilty

beyond a reasonable doubt." McQuiggin, 133 S. Ct. at 1928 (quoting Schup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298,

329 (1995)). Petitioner argues that, despite his guilty plea, he is actually innocent of the offense

6

because there is no evidence corroborating his plea. Although actual innocence, if proved, can

overcome the statute of limitations, Petitioner waived his claim by entering a voluntary and knowing

guilty plea to the offense. 4 McQuiggin, 133 S. Ct. at 1928. See also United States v. Vanchaik-

Molinar, 195 Fed. Appx. 262, 2006 WL 2474048, at* 1 (5th Cir. 2006) ("A voluntary guilty plea

waives all non-jurisdictional defects that occurred prior to the plea and precludes consideration of

a claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence."). As a matter of federal constitutional law, a

voluntary and knowing guilty plea is sufficient evidence, standing alone, to support a conviction.

Smith v. McCotter, 786 F.2d 697, 702 (5th Cir. 1986).

In summary, Petitioner's federal petition was due on or before July 22,2013. Therefore, his

petition filed on February 18,2014, was filed beyond the limitations period and is untimely.

III. CONCLUSION

For the reasons discussed herein, the petition of petitioner for a writ of habeas corpus

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 is DISMISSED as time-barred. Further, for the reasons discussed

herein, a certificate of appealability is DENIED. All motions not previously ruled upon are

DENIED.

SO ORDERED on this 28th day of July, 2015.

~a~ eeiico~)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

4 In Petitioner's state habeas application, the state court detennined that Petitioner's guilty plea was knowingly, freely and voluntarily made. Admin. R., SH2 84, ECF No. 12-2. Absent clear and convincing evidence in rebuttal, this Court must defer to the state court's findings in this regard. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(l).