SIMPSON, J.
This is an action of detinue by the. appellant against the appellee for “one English hand wheel paper cutter, rebuilt,” and other printer’s material, set out in the complaint. The defendant interposed a plea of the general issue and a special plea, which will be set out in the statement of the case by the reporter. The defendant admitted that he was in possession of the property sued for.
The salient facts of the case are that on August 10, 1906, one W. B. Howard was on the application of M. [81]*81Tucker appointed ‘receiver of all the property assets, effects, real, personal, and mixed, wheresoever situated, now belonging to the said partnership, composed of M. Tucker and H. Y. Brooke, * * * including all books, papers, accounts, documents, printing presses used in the job office or publication of the Crenshaw County Critic,’ etc. The defendant claims by virtue of a sale made by said receiver on August. 5, 1907, at which sale one L. M. Johnson became the purchaser and said Johnson afterwards sold to the defendant; but it is alleged and proven that said sale has not yet been confirmed by the court. The contention of the plaintiff (appellant) is that said property sued for never belonged to said firm, but is his individual property, bought and paid for by his own money. His evidence establishes this fact, and no evidence was introduced to controvert it. The court gave the general charge m favor of the defendant, and the insistence of the appellee is that, as the order of sale has never been confirmed, this property is still in the custody of the court, and that the plaintiff has no standing in court, because the suit was brought without leave granted by the chancery court. While this suit was brought without leave, yet, since the commencement of this case, said chancery court has granted leave to plaintiff to continue to prosecute this case (which order will be set out in the statement of the case by the reporter).
Whether the title of the defendant has been perfected by the confirmation of the sale or not, the fact remains that the defendant is in possession of the property, claiming it as his own, and the only issue raised by the suit is whether the plaintiff or defendant has the better right to the possession of the property. The receiver, not being a party to the case, would' not be bound by the judgment. It is difficult to see how this [82]*82can be a suit against the receiver. It is a matter, at any rate, resting entirely in the discretion of the court appointing the receiver to determine whether it will allow a suit to be prosecuted against the receiver, and if said court, after the suit has been commenced, grants an order permitting its continuance, it necessarily waives the contempt and registers the decree of the court that this is a proper subject to he determined by an independent proceeding. The court may allow a case to proceed after suit brought.—23 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 1125; Angel v. Smith, 9 Ves. Jr., 335, 340; Anonymous, 6 Ves. Jr., 287; Hills v. Parker. 111 Mass. 508, 15 Am. Rep. 65. It is axiomatic, also, that if a receiver does something outside of his duties as receiver, or takes possession of property which the court has not authorized him to take possession of, he cannot claim the protection of the court against a suit brought against him on account of the same. The only object in committing this power and discretion to the court is in order that it may have full control of the property which it has taken possession of through its receiver, and not to protect the receiver in traveling beyond the line marked out for him by the court, and interfering with the property rights of individuals. Accordingly it is held that, if the receiver takes possession of property which is not embraced in the receivership, the protection of the court appointing the receiver will not be accorded to him. As to such he may be sued without leave of the court.—Beach on Receivers, § 257; High on Receivers (Alderson’s Ed.) § 307, pp. 311, 652, 653, 654; Hills v. Parker, 111 Mass. 508, 15 Am. Rep. 65; Gutsch v. McIlhargey et al., 69 Mich. 377-379, 37 N. W. 303; Kenney v. Ranney, 96 Mich. 617, 55 N. W. 982.
This principle is not involved, nor is it discussed, in the case of Gay, Hardie & Co. v. Brierfield C. & I. Co., [83]*8394 Ala. 303, 11 South. 353, 16 L. R. A. 564, 33 Am. St. Rep. 122, cited by counsel for appellee. In that case the federal court had rendered a decree of foreclosure of a mortgage securing bonds of a corporation, and a hill was filed in the state court by creditors of the corporation assailing the bonds for fraud, • etc., and this court held that the state court had a right to proceed in the trial and determination of that question, hut that it would so mold its decree as not to interfere with property Avhich was lawfully in the hands of the trustee or receiver, of the United States court. In the case of Montgomery, Trustee, v. Enslen, Receiver, a petition was filed by the receiver to enjoin an action of trover brought by Montgomery. The case did not go off on the question of the right of a third person to sue in trover for property of his in the hands of the receiver, hut, pn the contrary, the court entered into a discussion of the question as to whether, as a matter of fact, the property in question ever had been conveyed by the original corporation to Montgomery, and arrived at the conclusion that Montogmery had not acquired any title to the property, and, for that reason, enjoined his action. The court says in summing up: “The bank nor being bound by the terms of the resolution, Montgomery acquired no title to the property; therefore no right "to its possession. It folloAvs that Enslen, in obeying the order of the court, in taking possession of it and selling it, did nothing more than he should have done. And he is entitled to be protected in the discharge of his duties as an officer, complying, as he did, with the mandates of the court with respect to this property.”—Montgomery, Trustee, v. Enslen, Receiver, 126 Ala. 654, 669, 28 South. 626, 631.
In the case of So. Granite Co. v. Wadsworth, 115 Ala. 570, 22 South. 157, the suit in detinue Avas brought [84]*84against Wadsworth “as receiver,” and in the progress of the trial was amended by striking out the words' “as receiver.” The plaintiff claimed that certain specifically described pieces of granite belonged to it, and not to C. R. & Co., whose property had been placed in the hands of the receiver by decree of the United States court, and the claim of the plaintiff was that under the federal statute authorizing suit against receivers in respect to acts and transactions as such receiver in carrying on the business its suit was properly brought without leave. This court treated it as an action against AY. “as receiver,” bedding that said statute did not cover it, and continuing held that the “United States court had certainly assumed control of this property, and at the commencement of this action it was in its custody by its receiver. It had ordered it to be sold,” etc.; and affirmed the judgment of the court below in favor.of the defendant. In the case now under consideration, the testimony on the part of the plaintiff tends to show that the court had not taken possession of the property in question through its receiver. In the case of Turrentine v. Blackwood, 125 Ala. 436, 28 South. 95, 82 Am. St. Rep.
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SIMPSON, J.
This is an action of detinue by the. appellant against the appellee for “one English hand wheel paper cutter, rebuilt,” and other printer’s material, set out in the complaint. The defendant interposed a plea of the general issue and a special plea, which will be set out in the statement of the case by the reporter. The defendant admitted that he was in possession of the property sued for.
The salient facts of the case are that on August 10, 1906, one W. B. Howard was on the application of M. [81]*81Tucker appointed ‘receiver of all the property assets, effects, real, personal, and mixed, wheresoever situated, now belonging to the said partnership, composed of M. Tucker and H. Y. Brooke, * * * including all books, papers, accounts, documents, printing presses used in the job office or publication of the Crenshaw County Critic,’ etc. The defendant claims by virtue of a sale made by said receiver on August. 5, 1907, at which sale one L. M. Johnson became the purchaser and said Johnson afterwards sold to the defendant; but it is alleged and proven that said sale has not yet been confirmed by the court. The contention of the plaintiff (appellant) is that said property sued for never belonged to said firm, but is his individual property, bought and paid for by his own money. His evidence establishes this fact, and no evidence was introduced to controvert it. The court gave the general charge m favor of the defendant, and the insistence of the appellee is that, as the order of sale has never been confirmed, this property is still in the custody of the court, and that the plaintiff has no standing in court, because the suit was brought without leave granted by the chancery court. While this suit was brought without leave, yet, since the commencement of this case, said chancery court has granted leave to plaintiff to continue to prosecute this case (which order will be set out in the statement of the case by the reporter).
Whether the title of the defendant has been perfected by the confirmation of the sale or not, the fact remains that the defendant is in possession of the property, claiming it as his own, and the only issue raised by the suit is whether the plaintiff or defendant has the better right to the possession of the property. The receiver, not being a party to the case, would' not be bound by the judgment. It is difficult to see how this [82]*82can be a suit against the receiver. It is a matter, at any rate, resting entirely in the discretion of the court appointing the receiver to determine whether it will allow a suit to be prosecuted against the receiver, and if said court, after the suit has been commenced, grants an order permitting its continuance, it necessarily waives the contempt and registers the decree of the court that this is a proper subject to he determined by an independent proceeding. The court may allow a case to proceed after suit brought.—23 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 1125; Angel v. Smith, 9 Ves. Jr., 335, 340; Anonymous, 6 Ves. Jr., 287; Hills v. Parker. 111 Mass. 508, 15 Am. Rep. 65. It is axiomatic, also, that if a receiver does something outside of his duties as receiver, or takes possession of property which the court has not authorized him to take possession of, he cannot claim the protection of the court against a suit brought against him on account of the same. The only object in committing this power and discretion to the court is in order that it may have full control of the property which it has taken possession of through its receiver, and not to protect the receiver in traveling beyond the line marked out for him by the court, and interfering with the property rights of individuals. Accordingly it is held that, if the receiver takes possession of property which is not embraced in the receivership, the protection of the court appointing the receiver will not be accorded to him. As to such he may be sued without leave of the court.—Beach on Receivers, § 257; High on Receivers (Alderson’s Ed.) § 307, pp. 311, 652, 653, 654; Hills v. Parker, 111 Mass. 508, 15 Am. Rep. 65; Gutsch v. McIlhargey et al., 69 Mich. 377-379, 37 N. W. 303; Kenney v. Ranney, 96 Mich. 617, 55 N. W. 982.
This principle is not involved, nor is it discussed, in the case of Gay, Hardie & Co. v. Brierfield C. & I. Co., [83]*8394 Ala. 303, 11 South. 353, 16 L. R. A. 564, 33 Am. St. Rep. 122, cited by counsel for appellee. In that case the federal court had rendered a decree of foreclosure of a mortgage securing bonds of a corporation, and a hill was filed in the state court by creditors of the corporation assailing the bonds for fraud, • etc., and this court held that the state court had a right to proceed in the trial and determination of that question, hut that it would so mold its decree as not to interfere with property Avhich was lawfully in the hands of the trustee or receiver, of the United States court. In the case of Montgomery, Trustee, v. Enslen, Receiver, a petition was filed by the receiver to enjoin an action of trover brought by Montgomery. The case did not go off on the question of the right of a third person to sue in trover for property of his in the hands of the receiver, hut, pn the contrary, the court entered into a discussion of the question as to whether, as a matter of fact, the property in question ever had been conveyed by the original corporation to Montgomery, and arrived at the conclusion that Montogmery had not acquired any title to the property, and, for that reason, enjoined his action. The court says in summing up: “The bank nor being bound by the terms of the resolution, Montgomery acquired no title to the property; therefore no right "to its possession. It folloAvs that Enslen, in obeying the order of the court, in taking possession of it and selling it, did nothing more than he should have done. And he is entitled to be protected in the discharge of his duties as an officer, complying, as he did, with the mandates of the court with respect to this property.”—Montgomery, Trustee, v. Enslen, Receiver, 126 Ala. 654, 669, 28 South. 626, 631.
In the case of So. Granite Co. v. Wadsworth, 115 Ala. 570, 22 South. 157, the suit in detinue Avas brought [84]*84against Wadsworth “as receiver,” and in the progress of the trial was amended by striking out the words' “as receiver.” The plaintiff claimed that certain specifically described pieces of granite belonged to it, and not to C. R. & Co., whose property had been placed in the hands of the receiver by decree of the United States court, and the claim of the plaintiff was that under the federal statute authorizing suit against receivers in respect to acts and transactions as such receiver in carrying on the business its suit was properly brought without leave. This court treated it as an action against AY. “as receiver,” bedding that said statute did not cover it, and continuing held that the “United States court had certainly assumed control of this property, and at the commencement of this action it was in its custody by its receiver. It had ordered it to be sold,” etc.; and affirmed the judgment of the court below in favor.of the defendant. In the case now under consideration, the testimony on the part of the plaintiff tends to show that the court had not taken possession of the property in question through its receiver. In the case of Turrentine v. Blackwood, 125 Ala. 436, 28 South. 95, 82 Am. St. Rep. 254, the defendant was a trustee in bankruptcy, and the powers of the United States court in bankruptcy proceedings are far more extensive than those of a chancery court appointing a receiver. It'is also shown in the statement of the case that the property which was taken possession of by the trustee was “set forth in said petition of bankruptcy,” and the order of the court, directed the trustee to take possession of that property, and the opinion states that the facts “show the rightful possession of said property” by the trustee.
Plea 2 states that the receiver was appointed to taice charge of all the property of .said “Crenshaw County [85]*85Critic;” that the receiver took charge of the same; that the petition and order of sale referred to the property of the “Crenshaw County Critic,” hut it nowhere alleged that the property in controversy ivas a part of the property of the “Crenshaw County Critic.” From what has been said it results that the demurrer to said plea should have been sustained, as among other reasons it fails to show that the order of court authorized the receiver to take possession of the property in controversy. And, for like reasons, the demurrers to the replications should have been overruled.
The application for the order permitting the plaintiff to proceed with the case cannot be taken as an admission of the legality of the possession of the receiver of the property in question, as the very basis of the order is that the plaintiff claims the property as his individually, and that he has brought suit and applies for this order because the circuit court requires it a.s a condition for the further prosecution of the case. The fact that the sale of the property has not yet been confirmed only strengthens the position that the court in granting permission to proceed with this case and holding up the order of confirmation deemed it best that this matter should be decided in the circuit court before the final orders in the case.
It results from what has been said that the court erred in giving the general charge in favor of the defendant; and, as most of the errors in regard to the admission of testimony are based upon a different view of the law of the case from that hereinbefore announced, it does not seem to be necessary to consider them all in detail. The defendant was entitled to have admitted all legal evidence tending to show that the property in question is his individual property; that it was never included in the partnership property; that it was not [86]*86included in the property delivered to the receiver, when he was appointed; that it is not included in any of the orders of court, was not advertised, and was not sold. It was his right also to prove that, when the sale was made, he made the statement to the public that this particular property was not included in the sale. This not for the purpose of proving his title to the property, but for the purpose of rebutting the presumption which might otherwise be indulged, if this property was sold, that he stood by and saw his property sold, without objection, and was thereby estopped from questioning the authority to sell it. The question to the receiver as a witness as to whether he did not take charge of the property in question not as receiver, but under, an agreement with the plaintiff to pay rent for it should have been admitted, as it bore upon the question as to how he held the property.
The judgment of the-court is reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
Dowdell, C. J., and McClellan and Mayfield, JJ., concur.