Brockway v. State

853 S.W.2d 174, 1993 WL 122780
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJune 3, 1993
Docket13-92-327-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 853 S.W.2d 174 (Brockway v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brockway v. State, 853 S.W.2d 174, 1993 WL 122780 (Tex. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

OPINION

NYE, Chief Judge.

A jury found appellant guilty of aggravated robbery, and the trial court, after finding that appellant had one prior felony conviction, assessed punishment at 48 years in prison. We affirm.

At approximately 1:00 a.m. on August 1, 1991, appellant entered a convenience store, held a knife to the clerk’s throat, and' threatened to cut it. During the robbery, the clerk, Rayford Fields, actually suffered a tiny skin puncture to his throat. Appellant cut the store’s telephone line and took about $40 from the cash register, which was rigged with a silent alarm. As appellant then searched the office area for more money, Fields ran from the store, just as several police cars arrived. Appellant fled *176 the store, got into a nearby car, and sped away. During the ensuing high-speed chase, one of the pursuing officers saw appellant throw an object from his car in the 2600 block of Walnut. Soon thereafter, appellant crashed his car. A short time later, police searched the 2600 block of Walnut and found a pocket knife along the curbside. No one could positively identify that knife as the knife used to threaten Fields or as the object thrown from appellant’s car. Marked dollar bills taken from the convenience store’s cash register’s “bait trap” were found on the ground where appellant’s vehicle crashed.

Appellant’s counsel raises seven points of error, and appellant himself raises two additional points. We will address counsel’s points first. By counsel’s first point of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred in “overruling” his objection that the prosecutor injected his personal opinion in his opening statement. Appellant complained of the comment, “Ladies and gentlemen, not only at the conclusion of this case will you have no reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant, you won’t have any doubt at all.” Appellant’s contention is not supported by the record. Contrary to his allegation that the trial court “overruled” his objection, the record shows that the trial court, in response to his objection, implicitly sustained the objection by instructing the jury to disregard the prosecutor’s comment. The trial court then denied appellant’s motion for mistrial.

To constitute reversible error, the prosecutor’s comment would have to be so egregious that its prejudicial effect could not be cured by instruction to disregard. See Williams v. State, 712 S.W.2d 835, 839 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1986, no pet.). The Code of Criminal Procedure provides that, “The State’s attorney shall state to the jury the nature of the accusation and the facts which are expected to be proved by the State in support thereof.” Tex.Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 36.01(a)(3) (Vernon Supp.1993). Although the prosecutor’s statement went beyond the proper scope of the opening statement, we cannot find that the statement was so improper as to be incurable. Appellant’s first point is overruled.

By counsel’s point two, appellant contends that the trial court erred in allowing the admission of evidence concerning other robberies. In this regard, the State introduced evidence that Garland Police Officer Don Knebel was in charge of a covert electronics surveillance unit. Knebel explained that the police department would install an alarm and hidden camera in a business if it experienced certain crimes or a high-degree of criminal activity. As a part of this program, Knebel explained that he places marked dollar bills in “bait traps” in cash registers. When money is pulled from the bait trap, a silent alarm is sounded and a hidden camera takes one photograph a second. He explained that these devices are usually left in a place for four to six weeks. Over objection, Knebel testified that the alarm and hidden camera had been left in Fields’ convenience store for years because the store had a high degree of robberies. Appellant complains on appeal that the trial court erred in allowing this evidence. We disagree.

The testimony provided the jury with background information concerning the placement and use of the surveillance system. Specifically, Knebel’s testimony explained why the “bait trap” was in the store and illuminated the jury about how the trap worked and signaled police officers of the robbery. Generally, contextual background evidence is admissible. Mayes v. State, 816 S.W.2d 79, 85-87 (Tex.Crim.App.1991). While contextual background evidence may be inadmissible if it improperly impugns the defendant’s character, see Id., the testimony in this case did not implicate appellant in any of the prior robberies or even insinuate that appellant had any such involvement. The trial court did not err in admitting the evidence. Point two is overruled.

By counsel’s point three, appellant contends that the trial court erred in allowing the State to question the convenience store clerk about his children. The clerk testified that he had six children, ranging in ages from thirty-seven to six *177 teen. When the prosecutor asked Fields what his children did for a living, appellant objected on relevancy and bolstering grounds. The trial court overruled the objection and instructed the prosecutor to “move on.” The witness did not answer the question, and the prosecutor immediately asked a question concerning the robbery. As the question was not answered, no objectionable evidence was admitted. Furthermore, even if the question sought irrelevant or objectionable testimony, no error is shown as the asking of an improper question is generally not error. See Swallow v. State, 829 S.W.2d 223, 227 (Tex. Crim.App.1992); Gonzales v. State, 685 S.W.2d 47, 49 (Tex.Crim.App.1985). Appellant’s third point is overruled.

By counsel’s point four, appellant complains that the State failed to lay a proper predicate for the admission of twenty-three photographs taken by the hidden camera. We disagree. Officer Knebel testified that after the robbery, an officer took the film from the camera and placed it in a secure area, where he recovered it. Knebel then had the film developed in accordance with standard procedure. Knebel identified the twenty-three photographs as the prints made from the negatives taken from the convenience store’s camera. Fields was later shown the twenty-three photographs and testified that they fairly and accurately represented the events which occurred at the convenience store. When the State then offered the photographs into evidence, appellant objected, without elaboration, that, “This is improper predicate.” An objection to the admission of evidence on the ground that no proper predicate has been laid is too general to merit consideration, unless apparent from the record. Bird v. State, 692 S.W.2d 65, 70 (Tex.Crim.App.1985). The basis for appellant’s objection is not apparent from the record, and so he has failed to preserve error. Point four is overruled.

By counsel’s point five, appellant complains about the admission of hearsay evidence.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Juan Alberto Castro v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. Ct., 1st Dist. (Houston), 2026
Juan Martinez v. the State of Texas
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2023
David Lee Routt v. the State of Texas
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2023
Telavell Coleman v. the State of Texas
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2022
Michael Trejo, Jr. v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2019
Malvin Sadler v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2011
Quinton Maxwell Thompson v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2010
Terrance Lee Williams v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2009
Fred William Broussard v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2009
Ex Parte: Raymond Taylor v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2003
Valentin Ortiz v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2002
Lillard v. State
994 S.W.2d 747 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1999)
Robert Daniel Saling v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 1999
S.D.G. v. State
936 S.W.2d 371 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1996)
Herrera v. State
915 S.W.2d 94 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1996)
McElhaney v. State
899 S.W.2d 15 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
853 S.W.2d 174, 1993 WL 122780, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brockway-v-state-texapp-1993.