Bridges v. State

706 A.2d 489, 1998 Del. LEXIS 55, 1998 WL 59085
CourtSupreme Court of Delaware
DecidedFebruary 11, 1998
Docket116, 1996
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 706 A.2d 489 (Bridges v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Delaware primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bridges v. State, 706 A.2d 489, 1998 Del. LEXIS 55, 1998 WL 59085 (Del. 1998).

Opinion

WALSH, Justice:

In this appeal from the Superior Court, Appellant, Michael Bridges (“Bridges”), seeks reversal of his conviction of manslaughter. At trial, a jury acquitted Bridges of an indicted charge of second degree murder but convicted him of manslaughter in the death of his infant son. We conclude that Bridges’ failure to make a contemporaneous objection to certain character evidence precludes assertion of a claim or error on appeal and that admission of the character evidence did not create prejudice. We further conclude that Bridges was properly sentenced as an habitual offender, notwithstanding the State’s position in previous plea negotiations. Accordingly, we affirm the conviction.

I.

The evidence presented by the State at trial portrayed the following facts: On October 24, 1994, the woman with whom Bridges eo-habitated, Kimberly Peterson (“Peterson”), gave birth to their son, Michael Bridges (“Michael”). At first, Michael was a healthy baby but, at about four weeks of age, he became ill and fussy. On December 6, 1994, Bridges, who was angered by Michael’s crying, yelled at Peterson to “shut the baby up.” When Michael would not stop crying, Bridges grabbed the baby by the throat and shook him until his arms and legs were flopping. Bridges then threw Michael at Peterson, and the baby’s head forcefully struck her elbow. When Peterson picked up Michael, he was limp and not breathing. Bridges administered CPR, but Michael did not regain consciousness. Both parents rushed Michael to the hospital where he was diagnosed with Shaken Baby Syndrome. Michael died, in February, from causes stemming from those injuries.

At Bridges’ trial, the State, in its opening statement, made references to Bridges’ bad character to which defense counsel objected. The trial court permitted the references, reminding the jury that statements made during opening statements are not evidence. During its ease-in-ehief, the State introduced testimony concerning Bridges’ bad character. Defense counsel did not contemporaneously object to the introduction of this evidence. The State also introduced into evidence, over defense objection, two photographs of Michael, taken at the hospital the day after he was injured. These photographs depicted Michael’s injuries and the invasive medical treatment he was undergoing.

Peterson pleaded guilty to manslaughter and agreed to testify against Bridges. During her testimony, the State sought to elicit evidence that, in the weeks preceding Michael’s injuries, Bridges had beaten and shaken the baby and had directed Peterson not to interfere with this “discipline” of Michael on threat of physical violence. This evidence of prior bad acts by Bridges was proffered pursuant to D.R.E. 404(b). 1 . Defense counsel objected to the introduction of this evidence. The trial court, after performing a Getz 2 analysis, concluded that the proffered evidence was relevant, submitted for a proper purpose, proved by plain, clear and conclusive evidence, and that its probative value was not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. The evidence was then admitted.

*491 The State also offered evidence, through Peterson, that Bridges was not financially supportive of her and the baby, that he was generally uncaring about the baby’s condition, and that he was often absent from the home.

II.

Bridges objected both to the prosecutor’s statements made during opening remarks and to the admission of testimony concerning Michael’s prior beatings and shakings. We review the trial court’s rulings on those issues for abuse of discretion. Moorhead v. State, Del.Supr., 638 A.2d 52, 54 (1994). Bridges made no contemporaneous objection to the admission of bad character evidence in the State’s case-in-chief. We, thus, review that issue for plain error that is “so clearly prejudicial to substantial rights as to jeopardize the fairness and integrity of the trial process.” Wainwright v. State, Del.Supr., 504 A.2d 1096, 1100, cert. denied, 479 U.S. 869, 107 S.Ct. 236, 93 L.Ed.2d 161 (1986).

Bridges contends that the Superior Court erred in all of its rulings pertaining to admission of evidence of bad character and prior bad acts pursuant to D.R.E. 404. Bridges argues that the cumulative effect of the Superior Court’s error in admitting this evidence prejudiced the jury against him and interfered with his right to a fair trial.

Bridges never disputed the underlying facts upon which he was charged with second degree murder. The issue at trial was whether Bridges acted with a “recklessness [that] manifested a cruel, wicked and depraved indifference to human life.” Moorhead, 638 A.2d at 54. The jury, even after hearing the evidence of bad character and prior bad acts, found that he had not. Thus, Bridges cannot reasonably be heard to argue that he was prejudiced by the admission of evidence bearing on a state of mind reflective of “depraved indifference to human life.”

Arguably, it was error for the trial court to permit the prosecution to comment negatively on Bridges’ character in the opening statement and to permit this evidence to be introduced in the prosecution’s case-in-chief. In particular, we note our concern that the Superior Court’s “curative” ruling addressed to the State’s reference to Bridge’s bad character during opening statements was ineffectual and missed the point of the objection. When counsel, in an opening statement to the jury, refers to evidence which is of doubtful admissibility, the court should not permit such references unless an offer of proof supports admissibility. Because the mere mention of inadmissible evidence may create prejudice, it is no remedy to caution the jury that counsel’s statements are not evidence.

In view of the lack of contemporaneous objection and Bridges’ admission to the underlying conduct, however, any such error was harmless. Bridges’ confession, admitted in the State’s case without objection, in which he admitted forcefully throwing the baby, proved sufficient evidentiary basis to support a manslaughter verdict. See Howard v. State, Del.Supr., 704 A.2d 278, 282 (1998); Nelson v. State, Del.Supr, 628 A.2d 69, 77 (1993); Johnson v. State, Del.Supr, 587 A.2d 444, 451 (1991). Accordingly, the rulings of the Superior Court are affirmed.

III.

Bridges also claims error in the trial court’s admission of certain photographs depicting Michael during medical treatment. We review the Superior Court’s admission of these photographs for abuse of discretion. Young v. State, 407 A.2d 517, 522 (1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 940, 100 S.Ct. 2163, 64 L.Ed.2d 794 (1980).

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Bluebook (online)
706 A.2d 489, 1998 Del. LEXIS 55, 1998 WL 59085, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bridges-v-state-del-1998.