IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
BRIAN WILSON, No. 86492-1-I Appellant, DIVISION ONE v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION DARRIN RAPOPORT, DDS,
Respondent.
BIRK, J. — In May 2023, Brian Wilson filed a lawsuit against his former
periodontist, Dr. Darrin Rapoport,1 alleging that he received negligent care
between August 2018 and June 2019.2 The superior court granted Dr. Rapoport’s
motion for summary judgment based on the statute of limitations. Wilson appeals,
arguing that a mediation letter he sent to Dr. Rapoport in 2021 tolled the statute of
limitations for one year, rendering the complaint timely under a continuing
negligence theory. Because Wilson does not provide admissible evidence that a
negligent act or omission occurred during the required timeline, he fails to meet his
burden of proof that tolling rendered the claim timely. Therefore, we affirm.
1 While Wilson’s complaint lists Dr. Rapoport’s first name as “Darrom,” the
record indicates that his first name is “Darrin.” 2 Wilson also alleged lack of informed consent, but does not raise this claim
separately on appeal. No. 86492-1-I/2
I
On August 6, 2018, Wilson visited Dr. Rapoport for a dental examination
after an injury to a front tooth. At some point thereafter, Dr. Rapoport or another
provider not identified in the record extracted Wilson’s tooth and placed an implant.
On November 14, 2018, after Wilson’s general dentist observed a possible issue
with the implant, Wilson returned to Dr. Rapoport. Dr. Rapoport removed the
implant and informed Wilson that he would need to wait three to six months until
he could place a new one. Dr. Rapoport’s office scheduled another appointment
with Wilson for approximately six months later. On April 16, 2019, Wilson signed
consent forms for a dental implant procedure.
About one month before the appointment was set to take place, Dr.
Rapoport’s office called Wilson to reschedule the appointment for some time in
May or June 2019. On the day of the scheduled appointment, Dr. Rapoport’s office
called to cancel the appointment again. Wilson subsequently terminated his
relationship with Dr. Rapoport’s office.
In a November 2021 letter to Dr. Rapoport, Wilson’s attorney demanded
mediation of claims relating to injuries Wilson sustained in the care of Dr. Rapoport
“beginning in August of 2018 and continuing thereafter.” On May 22, 2023, Wilson
filed a one page complaint against Dr. Rapoport alleging he had received negligent
care. Dr. Rapoport moved for summary judgment based on the statute of
limitations. The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment and
dismissed Wilson’s claims against Dr. Rapoport with prejudice. Wilson appeals.
2 No. 86492-1-I/3
II
Wilson argues the trial court erred by granting summary judgment because
the one year tolling provision of RCW 7.70.110 rendered his claim timely. We
disagree.
We review summary judgment motions de novo. Johnson v. Lake Cushman
Maint. Co., 5 Wn. App. 2d 765, 777, 425 P.3d 560 (2018). We consider all facts
and reasonable inferences from those facts in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party. Id. In a summary judgment motion, the moving party bears the
initial burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Id. Once
the moving party has met its burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to
“set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” CR 56(e).
If the opposing party fails to make a showing sufficient to establish a genuine issue
of material fact, summary judgment is appropriate. Johnson, 5 Wn. App. 2d at
778.
Here, as the defendant, Dr. Rapoport has the burden of proof of showing
that Wilson’s claims are barred by the statute of limitations. Rivas v. Overlake
Hosp. Med. Ctr., 164 Wn.2d 261, 267, 189 P.3d 753 (2008). “A plaintiff, however,
carries the burden of proof if he or she alleges that the statute was tolled and does
not bar the claim.” Id. “A malpractice claimant must, in response to a motion for
summary judgment based on the statute of limitations, present some evidence that
a negligent act or omission took place within the limitations period,” Young Soo
Kim v. Choong-Hyun Lee, 174 Wn. App. 319, 325, 300 P.3d 431 (2013), or prove
3 No. 86492-1-I/4
that a tolling provision applies to render the claim timely, Cortez-Kloehn v.
Morrison, 162 Wn. App. 166, 172, 252 P.3d 909 (2011). Mere allegations,
argumentative assertions, conclusory statements, and speculation do not raise
issues of material fact that preclude summary judgment. Greenhalgh v. Dep’t of
Corr., 160 Wn. App. 706, 714, 248 P.3d 150 (2011).
The statute of limitations for a medical malpractice claim is three years.
RCW 4.16.350(1), (3). Under a theory of continuing negligence, which Wilson
alleged in his response to Dr. Rapoport’s motion for summary judgment, the last
negligent act or omission committed by the defendant triggers the statute of
limitations for the claim. Caughell v. Grp. Health Coop. of Puget Sound, 124 Wn.2d
217, 227-28 n.2, 229, 876 P.2d 898 (1994).
Dr. Rapoport bears the burden to show that Wilson’s continuing negligence
claim is time-barred. Johnson, 5 Wn. App. 2d at 777. To do so, Dr. Rapoport must
show that Wilson did not commence his claim within three years of Dr. Rapoport’s
last negligent act or omission. RCW 4.16.350(3); Caughell, 124 Wn.2d at 227-28
n.2. Thus, the last negligent act or omission must have occurred on or after May
22, 2020—within three years of the complaint’s filing on May 22, 2023. Wilson
alleges in his complaint that he “received dental services beginning in August,
2018 and continuing through June of 2019.” Furthermore, an e-mail from Wilson’s
attorney to Dr. Rapoport’s attorney states that the last contact between Wilson and
Dr. Rapoport (or his office) occurred within 10 months after November 2018.
Neither allows for the possibility that a negligent act or omission occurred within
4 No. 86492-1-I/5
three years of the filing of the complaint. Dr. Rapoport met his initial burden of
showing that, absent tolling, Wilson did not file his complaint within the statute of
limitations period.
This shifted the burden to Wilson to show by admissible evidence that tolling
applies and that such tolling renders the claim timely. Cortez-Kloehn, 162 Wn.
App. at 172. As grounds for tolling, Wilson relies solely3 upon RCW 7.70.110.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
BRIAN WILSON, No. 86492-1-I Appellant, DIVISION ONE v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION DARRIN RAPOPORT, DDS,
Respondent.
BIRK, J. — In May 2023, Brian Wilson filed a lawsuit against his former
periodontist, Dr. Darrin Rapoport,1 alleging that he received negligent care
between August 2018 and June 2019.2 The superior court granted Dr. Rapoport’s
motion for summary judgment based on the statute of limitations. Wilson appeals,
arguing that a mediation letter he sent to Dr. Rapoport in 2021 tolled the statute of
limitations for one year, rendering the complaint timely under a continuing
negligence theory. Because Wilson does not provide admissible evidence that a
negligent act or omission occurred during the required timeline, he fails to meet his
burden of proof that tolling rendered the claim timely. Therefore, we affirm.
1 While Wilson’s complaint lists Dr. Rapoport’s first name as “Darrom,” the
record indicates that his first name is “Darrin.” 2 Wilson also alleged lack of informed consent, but does not raise this claim
separately on appeal. No. 86492-1-I/2
I
On August 6, 2018, Wilson visited Dr. Rapoport for a dental examination
after an injury to a front tooth. At some point thereafter, Dr. Rapoport or another
provider not identified in the record extracted Wilson’s tooth and placed an implant.
On November 14, 2018, after Wilson’s general dentist observed a possible issue
with the implant, Wilson returned to Dr. Rapoport. Dr. Rapoport removed the
implant and informed Wilson that he would need to wait three to six months until
he could place a new one. Dr. Rapoport’s office scheduled another appointment
with Wilson for approximately six months later. On April 16, 2019, Wilson signed
consent forms for a dental implant procedure.
About one month before the appointment was set to take place, Dr.
Rapoport’s office called Wilson to reschedule the appointment for some time in
May or June 2019. On the day of the scheduled appointment, Dr. Rapoport’s office
called to cancel the appointment again. Wilson subsequently terminated his
relationship with Dr. Rapoport’s office.
In a November 2021 letter to Dr. Rapoport, Wilson’s attorney demanded
mediation of claims relating to injuries Wilson sustained in the care of Dr. Rapoport
“beginning in August of 2018 and continuing thereafter.” On May 22, 2023, Wilson
filed a one page complaint against Dr. Rapoport alleging he had received negligent
care. Dr. Rapoport moved for summary judgment based on the statute of
limitations. The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment and
dismissed Wilson’s claims against Dr. Rapoport with prejudice. Wilson appeals.
2 No. 86492-1-I/3
II
Wilson argues the trial court erred by granting summary judgment because
the one year tolling provision of RCW 7.70.110 rendered his claim timely. We
disagree.
We review summary judgment motions de novo. Johnson v. Lake Cushman
Maint. Co., 5 Wn. App. 2d 765, 777, 425 P.3d 560 (2018). We consider all facts
and reasonable inferences from those facts in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party. Id. In a summary judgment motion, the moving party bears the
initial burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Id. Once
the moving party has met its burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to
“set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” CR 56(e).
If the opposing party fails to make a showing sufficient to establish a genuine issue
of material fact, summary judgment is appropriate. Johnson, 5 Wn. App. 2d at
778.
Here, as the defendant, Dr. Rapoport has the burden of proof of showing
that Wilson’s claims are barred by the statute of limitations. Rivas v. Overlake
Hosp. Med. Ctr., 164 Wn.2d 261, 267, 189 P.3d 753 (2008). “A plaintiff, however,
carries the burden of proof if he or she alleges that the statute was tolled and does
not bar the claim.” Id. “A malpractice claimant must, in response to a motion for
summary judgment based on the statute of limitations, present some evidence that
a negligent act or omission took place within the limitations period,” Young Soo
Kim v. Choong-Hyun Lee, 174 Wn. App. 319, 325, 300 P.3d 431 (2013), or prove
3 No. 86492-1-I/4
that a tolling provision applies to render the claim timely, Cortez-Kloehn v.
Morrison, 162 Wn. App. 166, 172, 252 P.3d 909 (2011). Mere allegations,
argumentative assertions, conclusory statements, and speculation do not raise
issues of material fact that preclude summary judgment. Greenhalgh v. Dep’t of
Corr., 160 Wn. App. 706, 714, 248 P.3d 150 (2011).
The statute of limitations for a medical malpractice claim is three years.
RCW 4.16.350(1), (3). Under a theory of continuing negligence, which Wilson
alleged in his response to Dr. Rapoport’s motion for summary judgment, the last
negligent act or omission committed by the defendant triggers the statute of
limitations for the claim. Caughell v. Grp. Health Coop. of Puget Sound, 124 Wn.2d
217, 227-28 n.2, 229, 876 P.2d 898 (1994).
Dr. Rapoport bears the burden to show that Wilson’s continuing negligence
claim is time-barred. Johnson, 5 Wn. App. 2d at 777. To do so, Dr. Rapoport must
show that Wilson did not commence his claim within three years of Dr. Rapoport’s
last negligent act or omission. RCW 4.16.350(3); Caughell, 124 Wn.2d at 227-28
n.2. Thus, the last negligent act or omission must have occurred on or after May
22, 2020—within three years of the complaint’s filing on May 22, 2023. Wilson
alleges in his complaint that he “received dental services beginning in August,
2018 and continuing through June of 2019.” Furthermore, an e-mail from Wilson’s
attorney to Dr. Rapoport’s attorney states that the last contact between Wilson and
Dr. Rapoport (or his office) occurred within 10 months after November 2018.
Neither allows for the possibility that a negligent act or omission occurred within
4 No. 86492-1-I/5
three years of the filing of the complaint. Dr. Rapoport met his initial burden of
showing that, absent tolling, Wilson did not file his complaint within the statute of
limitations period.
This shifted the burden to Wilson to show by admissible evidence that tolling
applies and that such tolling renders the claim timely. Cortez-Kloehn, 162 Wn.
App. at 172. As grounds for tolling, Wilson relies solely3 upon RCW 7.70.110.
Under RCW 7.70.110, a good faith request for mediation of a health care claim
tolls the statute of limitations for one year. Even assuming, without deciding, that
Wilson has met the one year tolling provision, for his claim to be timely, the last
negligent act or omission must have occurred on or after May 22, 2019—within
four years of the filing of the complaint. According to Wilson’s evidence presented
at summary judgment, the only act that occurred on or after May 22, 2019 was that
Dr. Rapoport’s office cancelled Wilson’s appointment for a follow-up visit for a
second time. But Wilson presented no admissible evidence that this was a
negligent act or omission.
A health care provider acts negligently when they “fail[] to exercise that
degree of care, skill, and learning expected of a reasonably prudent health care
provider at that time in the profession or class to which [they] belong[], in the state
of Washington, acting in the same or similar circumstances.” RCW 7.70.040(1)(a).
3 In his original response to Dr. Rapoport’s motion for summary judgment,
Wilson briefly refers to the provision of RCW 4.16.350(3) which states that the statute of limitations may be tolled upon proof of “fraud or concealment.” As Wilson has not raised this argument on appeal, we do not consider whether tolling is appropriate under this provision. RAP 10.3(a)(6); State v. Wood, 89 Wn.2d 97, 99, 569 P.2d 1148 (1977).
5 No. 86492-1-I/6
To support the assertion that an appointment cancellation constituted a negligent
act or omission, Wilson supplies his own signed declaration describing the phone
call. Wilson does not provide testimony from a dental expert and instead argues
that a layperson could find that the act of cancelling the implant procedure for the
second time was a negligent act or omission without the need for expert testimony.
We disagree. Expert testimony is generally necessary to establish the standard of
care unless the medical facts of the case are “ ‘observable by [a layperson’s]
senses and describable without medical training.’ ” Harris v. Robert C. Groth,
M.D., Inc., 99 Wn.2d 438, 449, 663 P.2d 113 (1983) (alteration in original) (quoting
Bennett v. Dep’t of Lab. & Indus., 95 Wn.2d 531, 533, 627 P.2d 104 (1981)); see
Bauer v. White, 95 Wn. App. 663, 667, 976 P.2d 664 (1999) (expert testimony not
typically required when a foreign object is inadvertently left in the body of a surgical
patient). The standard of care dictating whether it is appropriate for a periodontist
to reschedule a patient’s appointment is not observable by a layperson or
describable without medical training. Without expert testimony, Wilson cannot
establish that by cancelling his appointment in this instance Dr. Rapoport deviated
from the standard of care.
Because Wilson has not shown that a negligent act occurred on or after
May 22, 2019, and so within four years of the filing of the complaint, even with the
benefit of tolling under RCW 7.70.110 he cannot sustain his burden of proof that
6 No. 86492-1-I/7
the claim was timely.4 The superior court correctly granted Dr. Rapoport’s motion
for summary judgment.
Affirmed.
WE CONCUR:
4 Wilson also suggests that medical records produced by Dr. Rapoport are
unauthenticated and therefore should not be considered. Because this argument was raised for the first time on review, we decline to consider this argument. RAP 2.5(a).