Brian Kerzetski v. Julio Calderin, et al.

Opinion

1 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 4 Brian Kerzetski, Case No. 2:24-cv-02423-CDS-BNW

5 Plaintiff Order Granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Extend Time and Emergency Motion for 6 v. Preliminary Injunction

7 Julio Calderin, et al., [ECF Nos. 17, 24] 8 Defendants

9 10 Plaintiff Brian Kerzetski filed an emergency motion for a preliminary injunction ordering 11 the defendants to serve him vegan meals on most Wednesdays and Fridays, and non-vegan 12 meals on the other days. Mot. for prelim. inj., ECF No. 17.1 Right now, Kerzetski receives vegan 13 meals every day of the week. See Kerzetski Aff., Pl.’s Ex. 2, ECF No. 17 at 31. He argues that this 14 violates his free exercise rights because he is not receiving non-vegan meals on “non-abstinence 15 days”—that is, Sundays, Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Id. at 2. He also filed a 16 motion to extend time to respond to the defendants’ opposition. Mot. extend time, ECF No. 24. 17 For the reasons set forth below, I grant Kerzetski’s motion for preliminary injunction and 18 motion to extend time. 19 I. Background 20 Kerzetski states that he is a “practicing member of the Byzantine Rite of the Catholic 21 Church.” ECF No. 17 at 2. As part of his religion, Kerzetski seeks to receive vegan meals only on 22 Wednesdays and Fridays; he is to receive non-vegan meals on all other days. Id. This diet is 23 consistent with the Orthodox Catholic diet that the Nevada Department of Corrections 24 (NDOC) offers. See Admin. Reg. 810, Def.’s Ex. B, ECF No. 22-2 at 16. Despite numerous requests 25 to receive the Orthodox Catholic diet, Kerzetski continues to receive vegan meals every day of 26

1 The motion is fully briefed. Resp., ECF No. 22; Reply, ECF No. 23. 1 the week. ECF No. 17 at 2; see also, e.g., Request for Accommodation of Religious Practices, Pl.’s 2 Ex. 6, ECF No., 23 at 14–19 (February 14, 2024 religious diet accommodation request); Informal 3 Grievance 20063166503, Pl.’s Ex. 7, ECF No. 23 at 20–23 (May 2, 2024 informal grievance 4 regarding religious dietary needs); Informal Grievance 20063167425, Pl.’s Ex. 8, ECF No. 23 at 5 24–27 (June 14, 2024 informal grievance regarding lack of response to the February 14th 6 request). 7 The defendants argue that a preliminary injunction is not appropriate because Kerzetski 8 is a Roman Catholic, so he does not require the Orthodox Catholic diet. ECF No. 22. In support 9 of that argument, the defendants submit NDOC records classifying Kerzetski as a Roman 10 Catholic. See Religion History, Defs.’ Ex. A, ECF No. 22-1. They also submit Administrative 11 Regulation 810, which describes the Roman Catholic diet as follows: “meatless entrée or 12 alternative meatless diet on Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, and the Fridays during lent, by 13 personal choice.” Admin. Reg. 810, Defs.’ Ex. B, ECF No. 22-2. And they further argue that “[i]f 14 Kerzetski wanted to ask for additional fasting or meatless days for Roman Catholics, he could 15 submit Document 3529 to request for recognized holiday service.” ECF No. 22 at 2. 16 Because Kerzetski’s requests for the Orthodox Catholic diet have not been heeded, he 17 now seeks injunctive relief with this court to receive the diet from June 29, 2026, through July 18 31, 2026. Id. at 5. 19 II. Legal standard 20 A party seeking an injunction must prove that (1) he is likely to succeed on the merits, 21 (2) that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, (3) that the 22 balance of equities tips in his favor, and (4) that an injunction is in the public interest. Stormans, 23 Inc. v. Selecky, 586 F.3d 1109, 1127 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. 7, 22 24 (2008)). The Ninth Circuit also recognizes an additional standard: “if a plaintiff can only show 25 that there are ‘serious questions going to the merits’—a lesser showing than likelihood of 26 success on the merits—then a preliminary injunction may still issue if the ‘balance of hardships 1 tips sharply in the plaintiff’s favor, and the other two Winter factors are satisfied.’” Shell Offshore, Inc. 2 v. Greenpeace, Inc., 709 F.3d 1281, 1291 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 3 632 F.3d 1127, 1135 (9th Cir. 2011)). 4 Civil injunctive relief in the prison context “must be narrowly drawn, extend no further 5 than necessary to correct the harm the court finds requires preliminary relief, and be the least 6 intrusive means necessary to correct that harm.” 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(2). I must give “substantial 7 weight to any adverse impact on public safety or the operation of a criminal justice system 8 caused by the preliminary relief and shall respect the principles of comity set out” in 18 U.S.C. 9 § 3626(a)(1)(B). Id. A preliminary injunction is “an extraordinary and drastic remedy, one that 10 should not be granted unless the movant, by a clear showing, carries the burden of persuasion.” 11 Mazurek v. Armstrong, 520 U.S. 968, 972 (1997) (citation modified). And when a party seeks a 12 mandatory injunction ordering the “responsible party to take action,” I must “deny such relief 13 unless the facts and law clearly favor the moving party.” Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733, 740 14 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) (citation modified). 15 III. Discussion 16 At the outset, having found excusable neglect, I grant Kerzetski’s motion to extend time 17 to file a response. See Local Rule IA 6-1(a). Having reviewed the emergency motion and its 18 attached exhibits, I find that the Winter factors weigh in favor of granting the plaintiff’s request 19 for a preliminary injunction.2 20 To succeed on a First Amendment free exercise claim, a plaintiff must first show that 21 their religious exercise rises out of sincerely held beliefs and is rooted in religious belief. Jones v. 22 Slade, 23 F.4th 1124, 1144 (9th Cir. 2022). Next, the plaintiff must show that the challenged 23 government action substantially burdens his free exercise of religion. Id. at 1139, 1144. Finally, the 24

25 2 As a threshold matter, I strike the emergency designation in the plaintiff’s motion, as the plaintiff did not comply with the local rules. See Local Rule 7-4(a). That is, there was no declaration attached to the 26 motion. Kerzetski is advised he is required to comply with all court rules and orders, to include the Local Rules. 1 burden shifts to the defendants to show that the burden to the plaintiff is reasonably related to 2 legitimate penological interests. See id. at 1144. 3 Here, Kerzetski has shown a likelihood of success on his free exercise claim. Kerzetski 4 states that he is a practicing Catholic who “for decades has held to the beliefs of the Catholic 5 church, some of which are the dietary traditions of abstaining from meat, dairy eggs, fish, oil, and 6 wine on most Wednesdays and Fridays during the year and partaking such foods on non- 7 abstinence days.” ECF No. 17 at 4; see also Kerzetski Aff., Pl.’s Ex. 2, ECF No. 17 at 31. This 8 assertion is supported by his declaration and his numerous requests to receive the religious diet 9 that accommodates Byzantine Catholic beliefs. By failing to respond to his requests or 10 accommodate his religious dietary needs, the defendants have substantially burdened 11 Kerzetski’s free exercise rights. And they have failed to show how this deprivation is reasonably 12 related to a penological interest. In fact, the diet which Kerzetski seeks is one that the NDOC 13 already makes available to inmates. As such, I find that Kerzetski has shown a likelihood of 14 success on the merits of his free exercise claim. 15 Next, Kerzetski’s free exercise rights will be substantially burdened if the preliminary 16 injunction is not granted. Kerzetski argues that the defendants have substantially burdened his 17 beliefs by denying him meals from the non-vegan menu on non-abstinence days, and that “they 18 will continue to do so from June 29, 2026 through July 31, 2026.” ECF No. 17 at 5. Per his 19 declaration, denying him the appropriate meals forces him to choose between receiving 20 appropriate nutrition or practicing his religion, “which is no choice at all.” Id. at 5–6. This is 21 sufficient to find that the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of a substantial burden upon 22 him and, in turn, weighs in favor of granting Kerzetski’s motion. See McElyea v. Babbitt, 833 F.2d 23 196 (9th Cir. 1987) (holding that inmates “have the right to be provided with food sufficient to 24 sustain them in good health that satisfies the dietary laws of their religion” and requiring that 25 reasonable alternatives be considered by the prison). 26 1 Further, the accommodation that Kerzetski seeks is something the NDOC already makes 2}| available. Id.; see also Pl.’s Ex. 1, ECF No. 17 at 18. See Shakur v. Shriro, 514 F.3d, 878, 886 (denying the plaintiff Kosher meals as an alternative to his requested Halal, where the Kosher plan already 4|| existed was a burden on the inmate’s First Amendment rights). Thus, the balance of equities 5}| tips in his favor because accommodating his religious diet is of little imposition to the defendants, especially when weighed against Kerzetski’s First Amendment right to free exercise 7|| of his religion. Indeed, the diet that Kerzetski’s seeks is already offered by the NDOC, so there is 8] little inconvenience in providing it to him. 9 Finally, granting the preliminary injunction is in the public’s interest because it promotes the First Amendment right to free exercise of religion. See Melendres v. Arpaio, 695 F.3d 990, 1002 (9th Cir. 2012) (finding it “is always in the public interest to prevent the violation of a party’s constitutional rights”). B Because Kerzetski meets all four Winter factors, I grant his request for a preliminary 14|| injunction. Conclusion 16 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the emergency designation is stricken but plaintiff's 17} motion for preliminary injunction [ECF No. 17] is GRANTED. The defendants must give the 18]| plaintiff the Orthodox Catholic diet from June 29, 2026, through July 31, 2026. 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERD that the plaintiff's mesic bo extend time to file a reply [ECE 20|| No. 24] is GRANTED. / / 21 Dated: June 29, 2026 . LZ 22 cab e—<— 33 / tod States District Judge / 24 25 26