ACCEPTED 03-15-00399-CV 8021704 THIRD COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS 11/30/2015 5:12:37 PM JEFFREY D. KYLE CLERK 03-15-00399-CV & 03-15-00400-CV FILED IN 3rd COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS IN THE 11/30/2015 5:12:37 PM THIRD COURT OF APPEALS JEFFREY D. KYLE Clerk AT AUSTIN, TEXAS
Brian Dierschke and Marvin Dierschke v. Cheryl Lynn Dierschke, Dana Joy Dierschke Nezwek, and Grant Steven Dierschke
__________________________ APPELLEES’ BRIEF
JAMES DAVID WALKER P. O. Box 41 Milano, Texas 76556 SBOT 20706000 Phone: (512) 636-9520 Email: walker@2appeal.com ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES, CHERYL LYNN DIERSCHKE, DANA JOY DIERSCHKE NEZWEK, AND GRANT STEVEN DIERSCHKE IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
Appellants fail to note that Appellees Cheryl Lynn Dierschke, Dana Joy
Dierschke Nezwek, and Grant Steven Dierschke are represented in the trial court
by:
Larry W. Bale Hay, Wittenburg, Davis, Caldwell & Bale, L.L.P. P. O. Box 71 San Angelo, Texas 76902-0271 Phone: (325) 658-2728 Fax: (325) 655-2278 Email: lwb@hwdcb.com
Appellees Cheryl Lynn Dierschke, Dana Joy Dierschke Nezwek, and Grant
Steven Dierschke are represented in this Court by:
James David Walker P. O. Box 41 Milano, Texas 76556 Phone: (512) 636-9520 Email: walker@2appeal.com
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Statutes and Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
STATEMENT OF THE CASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ISSUES PRESENTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Appellees’ Cross-Point. Appellees should be awarded damages for frivolous appeal under authority of Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 45.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
STATEMENT OF FACTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ARGUMENT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Jurisdictional Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Appellants’ Issue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Appellees’ Cross-Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
PRAYER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Exhibit A. Affidavit in Support of TRAP 45 Damages for Frivolous Appeal .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Cases
Associated Tel. Directory Publishers, Inc. v. Five D's Publishing Co., 849 S.W.2d 894 (Tex.App.–Austin 1993, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Biggar v. Palmer, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 8892, 2003 WL 22361068 (Tex.App.–El Paso 2003, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Brazos River Authority v. Graham, 354 S.W.2d 99 (Tex. 1961). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Cranberg v. Wilson, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 656 (Tex.App.–Austin 2004, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Deaner v. Marchese, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 915, 2004 WL 177480 (Tex.App.–Fort Worth 2004, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Devji v. Keller, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 6322, 2003 WL 21705829 (Tex.App.–Austin 2003, no pet.).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238 (Tex. 1985). . . . . . . . . 23
Hagen v. Hagen, 282 S.W.3d 899 (Tex. 2009).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Hamilton v. Bell, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 15369, 2013 WL 6805663 (Tex.App.–Austin 2013, pet. den.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In the Interest of J.M., 396 S.W.3d 528 (Tex. 2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In the Interest of M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534 (Tex. 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Jimmie Luecke Children Partnership, Ltd. v. Pruncutz, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 10362, 2013 WL 4487541 (Tex.App.–Austin 2013, no pet.).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
JNS Enter., Inc. v. Dixie Demolition, LLC, 430 S.W.3d 444 (Tex.App.–Austin 2013, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 Joy v. Joy, 156 S.W.2d 547 (Tex.Civ.App.–Eastland 1941, writ ref’d w.o.m.). . . 25
Marshall v. Mahaffey, 974 S.W.2d 942 (Tex.App.–Beaumont 1998, pet. den.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 22
McCullough v. Scarbrough, Medlin & Assocs., 435 S.W.3d 871 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2014, pet. den.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Miller v. Armogida, 877 S.W.2d 361 (Tex.App.–Hou. [1st Dist.] 1994, writ den.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Minus v. Doyle, 170 S.W.2d 220 (Tex. 1943).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Monsanto Co. v. Davis, 25 S.W.3d 773 (Tex.App.–Waco 2000, pet. dism’d). . . 27
Norton v. Deer Creek Prop. Owners Ass'n, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 5895, 2010 WL 2867375 (Tex.App.–Austin 2010, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Oilwell Div., United States Steel Corp. v. Fryer, 493 S.W.2d 487 (Tex. 1973). . 22
Owen v. Jim Allee Imps., Inc., 380 S.W.3d 276 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2012, no pet.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Petro. Solutions, Inc. v. Head, 454 S.W.3d 482 (Tex. 2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
PNS Stores, Inc. v. Rivera, 379 S.W.3d 267 (Tex. 2012). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Raymond v. Aquarius Condominium Owners Assn., 662 S.W.2d 82 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1983, no writ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Sadler v. Duvall, 815 S.W.2d 285 (Tex.App.–Texarkana 1991, pet. den.). . . . . . 20
Salas v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 226 S.W.3d 692 (Tex.App.–El Paso 2007, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Sincerely Yours, L.P. v. NCI Bldg. Sys., L.P., 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 931, 2011 WL 446188 (Tex.App.–Amarillo 2011, pet. den.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 Steinbrecher v. Steinbrecher, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 4712, 2003 WL 21282767 (Tex.App.–Austin 2003, pet. den.), cert. den., 541 U.S. 959 (2004). . . . . . . . . . . 29
Texas Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Thomas, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 2500 (Tex.App.–Hou. [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Twenty First Century Holdings, Inc. v. Precision Geothermal Drilling, Inc., 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 4046 (Tex.App.–Austin), judgment vacated by agreement - opinion not withdrawn, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 9154 (Tex.App.–Austin 2015) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Wang v. Hsu, 899 S.W.2d 409 (Tex.App.–Hou. [14th Dist.] 1995, pet. den.). . . . 17
Williams v. Walker, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 3034, 2004 WL 691637 (Tex.App.–Waco 2004, pet. den.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5 Statutes and Rules
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 33.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 38.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 13, 27, 30
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 44.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Texas Rules of Evidence, Rule 103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 25
6 STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellees pleaded an undivided ownership interest in, and sought partition
of, several tracts of land located in Tom Green County, Texas. (CR:5)1 Appellees
also sought an accounting from, and money judgment against, Appellants for
Appellees’ share of the income Appellants received from such properties. (CR:5)
The trial court struck Appellants’ pleadings and ordered judgment by default
against Appellants on all claims and causes of action asserted by Appellees.
(CR:116,210; RR2:51-52,58)
After a bench trial, the 340th Judicial District Court on June 1, 2015 signed a
Decree which determined ownership of the tracts, determined tracts which are
susceptible to partition, appointed commissioners to make the partition, and
awarded Appellees a money judgment against Appellants. (CR:50) On June 10,
2015 Appellants filed a document captioned “Motion to Appeal Due to Fraud”
(CR:55) which motion apparently has been treated as a notice of appeal and
docketed in this Court as Case No. 03-15-00399-CV.
On June 16, 2015 the 340th Judicial District Court signed a First Amended
Decree which provides that the June 1st Decree is "set aside and held to be of no
1 This brief addresses both Case No. 03-15-00399-CV & Case No. 03-15-00400. The cases share a common reporter’s record. Although each case has its own clerk’s record, these clerk’s records are identical except for the clerk certification dates listed on page 211 of each.
7 further force or effect." (CR:116) By the First Amended Decree the trial court
again determined ownership of the tracts, determined tracts which are susceptible
to partition, appointed commissioners to make the partition, and awarded
Appellees a money judgment against Appellants. (CR:116) On June 25, 2015
Appellants filed a document captioned “Motion to Appeal the June 16th Judge’s
Orders Due to Fraud” (CR:120) which motion apparently has been treated as a
notice of appeal and docketed in this Court as Case No. 03-15-00400-CV.
Appellees object to Appellants’ “Statement of the Case” on the ground that
Appellants’ Statement of the Case contains a recitation of facts - which facts are
supported by neither record references nor evidence. See Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure, Rule 38.1(d) (statement of the case should discuss nature of case,
course of proceedings, and trial court’s disposition - should be supported by
record references - should not discuss the facts). These unsupported facts are
disputed and will be further addressed in Appellees’ Statement of Facts and in
Appellees’ Argument.
8 ISSUES PRESENTED
Appellees’ Cross-Point. Appellees should be awarded damages for frivolous
appeal under authority of Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 45.
9 STATEMENT OF FACTS
Appellant/Defendant Marvin Dierschke (Marvin) and Marvin’s former wife,
the late Carmelita Schwertner Dierschke (Carmelita), had five children:
Appellee/Plaintiff Cheryl Lynn Dierschke Appellee/Plaintiff Dana Joy Dierschke Nezwek Appellee/Plaintiff Grant Steven Dierschke Appellant/Defendant Brian Dierschke and Defendant Christy Ann Dierschke (did not appeal).
(RR3:PlExh;PlExh6)
In 1979 Marvin and Carmelita entered into a trust agreement (the Trust
Agreement) whereby Carmelita (as trustor) transferred to Marvin (as trustee)
certain real property to be held and used for the benefit of Carmelita and their
children. (RR2:40; RR3:PlExh3;PlExh4) This transfer of real property was
effectuated by a deed whereby Carmelita conveyed the real property to trustee
Marvin (the Carmelita Deed). (RR2:42; RR3:PlExh4)
Thereafter, a guardianship was initiated on Carmelita’s behalf (because she
suffered from schizophrenia). (RR2:36,42-43; RR3:PlExh5,PlExh6) Carmelita
(acting through her guardian) and Marvin were divorced by decree dated June 30,
1981 (the Divorce Decree). (RR2:44; RR3:PlExh6) The Divorce Decree approved
and incorporated an agreement incident to divorce (the Agreement Incident to
10 Divorce) – by which agreement Carmelita acquired ownership of real and personal
property held in the Trust, such property to remain in trust in accordance with the
Trust Agreement. (RR2:44; RR3:PlExh5;PlExh6)
At some point Marvin was removed or resigned from his position as trustee.
(Appellants’Brief,p.6; RR2:46; RR3:PlExh1) The Trust Agreement designated
Central National Bank to serve as successor trustee in the event that Marvin
resigned or became unable to serve as trustee. (RR3:PlExh3,p.10) Central National
Bank was appointed successor trustee and it eventually became Wells Fargo Bank.
(RR2:46; RR3:PlExh1)
Carmelita died in March of 2009. (RR2:39) As a consequence of her death,
the Trust Agreement required the trustee to give each of Carmelita’s and Marvin’s
five children an equal share of the trust estate – the youngest child having by then
attained the age of 21. (RR3:PlExh3,PlExh6)
By a deed without warranty (the Wells Fargo Deed), successor trustee Wells
Fargo Bank in July of 2009 conveyed to each of the children an undivided 1/5
interest in real property held in the Trust. (RR2:45-50; RR3:PlExh1,PlExh7) At
least some portion of this real property came into the Trust after the divorce.
(RR2:44-49)
In the proceeding below, Appellees sought partition of their undivided
11 interests conveyed by the Wells Fargo Deed. (CR:5; RR2:50;
RR3:PlExh1,PlExh7) The trial court determined the lands which are susceptible to
partition and likewise determined the interests owned by Appellees, by Appellees’
siblings (including Appellant Brian), and by their father (Appellant Marvin).
(CR:116) The trial court appointed commissioners to make the partition. (CR:116)
In the partition proceeding below, Appellees also sought an accounting to
recover their share of the income which Appellants had received from crops grown
by Appellants on the lands conveyed by the Wells Fargo Deed. (CR:9) Appellants
refused to answer discovery requests about the income they had received so the
trial court struck Appellants’ pleadings and ordered judgment by default against
Appellants on all claims and causes of action asserted by Appellees. (CR:116,210;
RR2:51-52,58)
In order to determine the income received by Appellants from crops grown
by Appellants on the lands, Appellees subpoenaed records from various entities.
(RR2:52-57; RR3:PlExh8-15) Appellees used these records along with estimates
to prepare spread sheets which summarize both crop proceeds and production
expenses. (RR2:57-79; RR3:PlExh16-20)
The financial estimates were provided by Appellee Grant Steven
Dierschke - who had farmed the lands in the late 1990's while his father and
12 brother (Appellants Marvin and Brian) served prison sentences for bankruptcy
fraud. (RR2:35-38,58) After Appellants were released from prison, they prevented
Appellees’ use of the lands. (RR2:38-39)
The total moneys which should have been paid by Appellants to Appellees
totaled $264,724.13. (RR2:78-79) The trial court ordered that Appellees recover
that sum from Appellants. (CR:116)
Appellees object to Appellants' “Statement of Facts,” Appellants’
"Statement of the Case," and Appellants’ entire brief on the ground that such
contains a recitation of facts supported by neither record references nor evidence.
See e.g. Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 38.1(d) (statement of the case
must be supported by record references), Rule 38.1(g) (statement of facts must be
supported by record references), and Rule 38.1(i) (argument must include citations
to the record).
Appellants’ Brief contains a rambling narrative which blends assertions of
fact and assertions of law and, as a consequence, specific denials would essentially
require a verbatim recitation of a large portion of such brief. Except to the extent
that a fact is herein expressly admitted, Appellees dispute every “fact” asserted by
Appellants. Some of Appellants’ unsupported assertions of fact will be further
addressed in the Argument section of this brief.
13 Similarly, Appellees object to Appellants’ Brief on the ground that it makes
reference to documents which were neither offered nor admitted into evidence.
Some such documents may be the documents attached to Appellants’ "Motion to
Appeal Due to Fraud" (CR:55) or the documents attached to Appellants’ "Motion
to Appeal the June 16th Judge's Orders Due to Fraud" (CR:120) but, in any event,
the documents were not admitted into evidence (RR3:ExhibitsIndex). Some of
these documents will be further addressed in the Argument section of this brief.
14 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellants have asserted facts and referenced documents which are
supported by neither record references nor evidence - for the purpose of assigning
error which is not preserved, which is not established by the record, which is not
supported by relevant authority, and which is not shown to have caused harm.
Moreover, Appellees’ claims were established by default.
An award of damages for frivolous appeal would be especially appropriate
in this case because Appellants are proceeding pro se while Appellees necessarily
retained and agreed to compensate counsel to counter Appellants’ frivolous
complaints. It would be appropriate to shift to Appellants the cost of responding to
Appellants’ frivolous appeal.
15 ARGUMENT
Jurisdictional Considerations
There are jurisdictional considerations. This case has been docketed under
two case numbers, being Case No. 03-15-00399-CV (herein Case 399) and Case
No. 03-15-00400-CV (herein Case 400). Apparently one case concerns the decree
signed June 1, 2015 and the other case concerns the decree signed on June 16,
2015. Appellants’ Brief bears both case numbers so Appellees have assigned both
case numbers to this brief.
The trial court’s original decree was signed on June 1, 2015. (CR:50) On
June 10, 2015 Appellants filed a document captioned "Motion to Appeal Due to
Fraud" (CR:55) which motion apparently was treated as a notice of appeal. The
motion, addressed to the trial court and seeking reversal of the judgment, ends as
follows: “We pray that you will review these documents and possibly reverse your
decision or grant us an appeal where we can show this fraud to the circuit court.”
(CR:56)
On June 16, 2015 the trial court signed a First Amended Decree which
provides that the June 1st Decree is "set aside and held to be of no further force or
effect." (CR:116) On June 25, 2015 Appellants filed a document captioned
"Motion to Appeal the June 16th Judge's Orders Due to Fraud" (CR:120) which
16 motion apparently was treated as a new, distinct notice of appeal. The motion,
addressed to the trial court and seeking reversal of the judgment, ends as follows:
“We pray that we will be able to appeal these points to a higher level if not
reversed.” (CR:122)
Apparently, each of Appellants’ two motions (to appeal) were transmitted to
the Court of Appeals with its own clerk’s record - the record for each being
identical but for the record’s certification date. Apparently, each such motion was
assigned a unique appellate case number (Case 399 and Case 400). The cases
share a common reporter’s record.
However, a judgment which is set aside cannot be appealed.
If a judgment is modified, corrected, or reformed in any respect, the time for appeal runs from the correction date. A second judgment becomes "the judgment" in a case; it is as if the first judgment was never entered.
***
The plenary power to "vacate" includes setting aside a judgment. When a judgment has been set aside, it is as if there was no judgment. Once the second judgment is signed, the first judgment is "dead," and is not a final judgment from which an appeal can be taken.
Wang v. Hsu, 899 S.W.2d 409, 411 (Tex.App.–Hou. [14th Dist.] 1995, pet. den.)
(authority omitted).
Consequently, at least one of the cases (Case 399 or Case 400) should be
17 dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Because Case 399 was docketed before Case
400 (the former bearing a lower case number), it seems likely that Case 399
concerns the motion challenging the decree which was set aside - being the June
1st decree. In any event, any appeal of the June 1st decree should be dismissed for
lack of jurisdiction.
Additionally, unless Appellants’ motions can be deemed filed in a bona fide
attempt to invoke the appellate court’s jurisdiction, then both cases (Case 399 and
Case 400) should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. See In the Interest of J.M.,
396 S.W.3d 528, 530 (Tex. 2013) (hybrid document treated as notice of appeal
because motion states that appellant wanted to appeal the case to the court of
appeals); Hamilton v. Bell, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 15369, *3, 2013 WL 6805663
(Tex.App.–Austin 2013, pet. den.) (lack of appellate jurisdiction cannot be
waived); Salas v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 226 S.W.3d 692, 695
(Tex.App.–El Paso 2007, no pet.) (appellate court will inquire into its own
jurisdiction).
Appellants’ Issue
As a predicate to this argument, some attention should be given to the
special nature of a partition action. The June 16th Decree is a final, appealable
judgment - because the trial court thereby determined ownership of the tracts,
18 determined tracts which are susceptible to partition, appointed commissioners to
make the partition, and awarded Appellees a money judgment against Appellants
(an accounting for profits). (CR:116)
Two judgments are rendered in a partition suit. Griffin v. Wolfe, 610 S.W.2d 466, 466 (Tex. 1980) (per curiam). The first judgment, sometimes referred to as an interlocutory decree, determines the interest of each of the joint owners and whether the property is susceptible to partition. Tex. R. Civ. P. 760, 761; see also Snow v. Donelson, 242 S.W.3d 570, 572 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, no pet.); Carson v. Hagaman, 884 S.W.2d 194, 195 n.1 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1994, no writ). If the property is susceptible to partition, the trial court will appoint commissioners to partition the property in accordance with the respective interests of the joint owners. Tex. R. Civ. P. 761. The commissioners then will issue a report partitioning the land in accordance with the interlocutory decree and the requirements of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 769. Tex. R. Civ. P. 769. Within thirty days of the date the commissioners' report is filed, either party to the suit may file objections to the report. Tex. R. Civ. P. 771. The party objecting to the commissioners' report has the burden of proving that the report is materially erroneous or that it unequally and unjustly partitions the property. Id.; Ellis v. First City Nat'l Bank, 864 S.W.2d 555, 557 (Tex. App.–Tyler 1993, no writ).
The second judgment, sometimes referred to as the final decree, approves the report of the commissioners and partitions the property. Snow, 242 S.W.3d at 572; Marmion v. Wells, 246 S.W.2d 704, 705 (Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1952, writ ref'd). If the trial court finds the report to be "erroneous in any material respect, or unequal and unjust," the trial court must reject the report and appoint other commissioners to partition the land. Tex. R. Civ. P. 771; see also Snow, 242 S.W.3d at 572. Although the first judgment is often characterized as preliminary or interlocutory, both judgments are final for purposes of appeal. Marmion, 246 S.W.2d at 705. Matters decided in the interlocutory decree cannot be reviewed in an appeal from the
19 final decree. Id.
Jimmie Luecke Children Partnership, Ltd. v. Pruncutz, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS
10362, *6-8, 2013 WL 4487541 (Tex.App.–Austin 2013, no pet.); see Minus v.
Doyle, 170 S.W.2d 220, 224 (Tex. 1943) (holding that a cotenant's action for
accounting is included in the equities which should be tried with the partition
action); Sadler v. Duvall, 815 S.W.2d 285, 289 (Tex.App.–Texarkana 1991, pet.
den.) (an accounting is an incident of a partition suit).
Appellants’ only issue raises evidentiary complaints, to-wit: “Did the trial
court err by allowing forgery, perjury and false documents into the trial?”
(Appellants’Brief,p.8) Appellants specifically complain (Appellants’Brief,p.9)
that the following “are false or forged”: the Beesley Affidavit (RR3:PlExh1); the
Carmelita Deed (RR3:PlExh4); the Agreement Incident to Divorce (RR3:PlExh5);
the Divorce Decree (RR3:PlExh6); and, the Wells Fargo Deed (RR3:PlExh7).
However, Appellants failed to preserve their evidentiary complaints. Indeed,
Appellants waived complaint - because they failed to object when the documents
were offered into evidence.
Appellants were present during the trial. (RR2:2). However, they did not
object when the documents were offered into evidence. (RR2:6,42-44,50). In fact,
during the course of the trial Appellants never spoke. (RR2)
20 A party may claim error in a ruling to admit evidence only if the party
timely and specifically objects or moves to strike.
(a) Preserving a Claim of Error. --A party may claim error in a ruling to admit or exclude evidence only if the error affects a substantial right of the party and:
(1) if the ruling admits evidence, a party, on the record: (A) timely objects or moves to strike; and (B) states the specific ground, unless it was apparent from the context . . . .
***
Texas Rules of Evidence, Rule 103(a); see also Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure, Rule 33.1 (as prerequisite to presenting complaint for appellate
review, the record must show that the complaint was made by a timely motion
request, objection, or motion that states grounds for ruling with sufficient
specificity and which complies with the requirement of the Texas Rules of
Evidence and, additionally, the record must show that the court ruled or refused to
rule on same).
A party opposing the admission of evidence must specifically object at the
time it is offered to lay a predicate for appellate review of the trial court's action.
Marshall v. Mahaffey, 974 S.W.2d 942, 950 (Tex.App.–Beaumont 1998, pet.
den.). An objection to the introduction of the evidence if not timely made is
21 waived. Id.; see Texas Dep't of Pub. Safety v. Thomas, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS
2500, *7 (Tex.App.–Hou. [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (an objection is generally not
timely if made after the evidence has been admitted).
Appellants’ evidentiary complaints were waived because the challenged
evidence was admitted without objection. See Marshall, 974 S.W.2d at 950 (an
objection made after the evidence has been admitted is too late); cf. Biggar v.
Palmer, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 8892, *27, 2003 WL 22361068 (Tex.App.–El
Paso 2003, no pet.) (there is no judicially efficient way to cure a complaint
regarding the admission of evidence, when the complaint is raised for the first time
after judgment has been rendered).
Furthermore, Appellants’ claims of forgery, perjury and false documents
constitute affirmative defenses which are not supported by the pleadings.
Affirmative defenses are waived if not pleaded. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 94 (in pleading
to a preceding pleading, a party shall set forth affirmatively fraud, illegality, and
any other matter constituting an avoidance or affirmative defense); Brazos River
Authority v. Graham, 354 S.W.2d 99, 111 (Tex. 1961) (affirmative defense is
waived if not pleaded); Oilwell Div., United States Steel Corp. v. Fryer, 493
S.W.2d 487, 490 (Tex. 1973) (fraud is an affirmative defense); Williams v. Walker,
2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 3034, *11, 2004 WL 691637 (Tex.App.–Waco 2004, pet.
22 den.) (forgery is an affirmative defense).
In this regard, the trial court struck Appellants’ pleadings and granted
judgment by default against them on all of the claims and causes of action asserted
by Appellees. (CR116) Appellants have not assigned error to either the striking of
pleadings or the entry of default. Their brief makes no reference to either the
striking of pleadings or the entry of default.
Because Appellants’ pleadings were struck, Appellants had no pleading and
consequently cannot in this Court rely on affirmative defenses. See Petro.
Solutions, Inc. v. Head, 454 S.W.3d 482, 490 n.7 (Tex. 2014) (because the trial
court struck the defense before trial, even if the court did so erroneously, it would
be improper to render judgment on limitations grounds on appeal of the final
judgment); Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 243 (Tex.
1985) (answer had been struck and default judgment rendered as to liability - thus
defendant had no pleading to support the affirmative defense of contributory
negligence); cf. Associated Tel. Directory Publishers, Inc. v. Five D's Publishing
Co., 849 S.W.2d 894, 899 (Tex.App.–Austin 1993, no pet.) (because ATD failed
to plead the affirmative defense of fraud, it may not raise the defense on appeal).
Moreover, Appellants’ complaints about the Divorce Decree, the Agreement
Incident to Divorce, and the Carmelita Deed constitute an impermissible collateral
23 attack on a judgment.
As with other final, unappealed judgments which are regular on their face, divorce decrees and judgments are not vulnerable to collateral attack. The decree must be void, not voidable, for a collateral attack to be permitted. Errors other than lack of jurisdiction over the parties or the subject matter render the judgment voidable and may be corrected only through a direct appeal.
Hagen v. Hagen, 282 S.W.3d 899, 902 (Tex. 2009) (authority omitted).
Appellants failed to rebut the presumption of the Divorce Decree’s validity.
See PNS Stores, Inc. v. Rivera, 379 S.W.3d 267, 273 (Tex. 2012) (when attacked
collaterally, a judgment is presumed valid). The Divorce Decree approved and
incorporated the Agreement Incident to Divorce, which agreement awarded
Carmelita assets held in the Trust - such assets having been placed in trust by the
Carmelita Deed. (RR2:44; RR3:PlExh5;PlExh6) Thus, neither the Divorce Decree
nor these documents upon which it relies can be collaterally attacked.
Appellants complain that the Agreement Incident to Divorce was signed by
John Schwartz as Carmelita’s guardian. They argue that Schwartz can’t sign for
Carmelita because (it is further argued) Carmelita was never adjudged
incapacitated. Appellants conclude that Schwartz as a consequence forged the
Agreement Incident to Divorce.
However, this argument at best raises an issue about Schwartz’ capacity -
24 which issue had to be challenged during the divorce proceeding. See Joy v. Joy,
156 S.W.2d 547, 550 (Tex.Civ.App.–Eastland 1941, writ ref’d w.o.m.) (in the
absence of a pleading challenging capacity, there was no issue before the court as
to the guardian's legal capacity to sue and recover in her capacity as guardian).
Moreover, the complaint about Schwartz’ capacity was waived in the
underlying partition proceeding because Appellants failed to object to testimony
about the guardianship. See Texas Rules of Evidence, Rule 103(a). The evidence
established that the guardianship was initiated on Carmelita’s behalf because she
suffered from schizophrenia. (RR2:36,42-43; RR3:PlExh5,PlExh6) Indeed, at one
point in their brief Appellants admit that a guardianship was “put in place” for
Carmelita. (Appellants’Brief,p.5)
Aside from the collateral nature of the attack, Appellant Marvin invited the
trial court to enter the Divorce Decree and as a consequence he cannot now attack
either the decree or the documents upon which it relies. In this regard, Marvin’s
counsel signed the decree below the notation “Approved,” such approval not being
limited in scope. (CR:60-61) Similarly, Marvin himself signed the Agreement
Incident to Divorce - which agreement asked the trial court to approve and
incorporate the agreement into a divorce decree. (CR:45) Thus, Marvin cannot
now attack the decree and the related documents. See Sincerely Yours, L.P. v. NCI
25 Bldg. Sys., L.P., 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 931, *4-5, 2011 WL 446188
(Tex.App.–Amarillo 2011, pet. den.) (having invited entry of judgment by
approving such as to form and substance, appellant may not attack the judgment).
Marvin’s son, Appellant Brian, has not shown that Brian had any interest in
the property awarded by the Divorce Decree and thus has not shown that he has
standing to attack such decree’s award of property to Carmelita. Cf. Devji v.
Keller, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 6322, *11, 2003 WL 21705829 (Tex.App.–Austin
2003, no pet.) (because appellant is a guarantor of the debt and has not paid that
debt, he lacked standing to sue for any relief concerning that debt). Moreover,
there is no evidence that Brian would have acquired any interest in the lands
which are the subject of the partition action - were it not for his interest in the
Trust.
Appellants discuss a number of documents which were neither offered nor
admitted into evidence. Some such documents may be the documents attached to
Appellants’ "Motion to Appeal Due to Fraud" (CR:55) or the documents attached
to the "Motion to Appeal the June 16th Judge's Orders Due to Fraud" (CR:120)
but - in any event - the documents were not admitted into evidence
(RR3:ExhibitsIndex)
As a general rule, documents not admitted into evidence are not considered
26 by an appellate court. Monsanto Co. v. Davis, 25 S.W.3d 773, 781
(Tex.App.–Waco 2000, pet. dism’d). The documents which are discussed by
Appellants but not admitted into evidence appear to be real property conveyances -
such as deeds and deeds of trust. See e.g. Appellants’ Brief, pp.4-7,10. However,
the Carmelita Deed and the Wells Fargo Deed are the only conveyances admitted
into evidence. (RR3:ExhibitsIndex)
Appellants’ Brief contains repeated references to the term “Superior Title.”
The meaning and relevance of the references are not clear. The references seem to
depend on documents not admitted into evidence. See Appellants’Brief,pp.10-11.
Appellants’ Brief contains a recitation of facts which are supported by
neither record references nor evidence - with no effort to demonstrate relevance.
For example, allegations about a deed made in 2003 by Grant Dierschke. Other
examples include rambling allegations about Otto Dierschke, Annie Dierschke,
Curt Steib, George Finley, James Carter, Gerald Ratliff, John Sutton, Steve Holt,
Lester Ocker, John Hay, Jr., Charles Wittenburg, Cynthia Caldwell, Larry Bale,
and Larry Bale’s relatives. These unsupported allegations do not establish error.
See e.g. Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 38.1(d) (statement of the case
must be supported by record references), Rule 38.1(g) (statement of facts must be
supported by record references), and Rule 38.1(i) (argument must include citations
27 to the record).
For example, Appellants allege without record reference that Carter talked
Marvin into putting a tract of land into a trust “so it would be buried and not
found.” (Appellants’Brief,p.9) There is no evidence to support this allegation.
Additionally, Appellants have not demonstrated that they were harmed by
any admission of evidence. An appellant has the burden to prove that the appellant
was harmed by an erroneous admission of evidence. See Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure, Rule 44.1(a) (no judgment shall be reversed on appeal unless error
probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment or probably prevented
proper presentation of case on appeal); In the Interest of M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534,
538 (Tex. 2003) (it was appellant’s burden to show that she was prejudiced by the
erroneously admitted orders).
Even if some of the complained-of evidence had been erroneously admitted,
it would be presumed that the trial court disregarded such evidence. It is a rule of
long standing that trial judges are presumed to disregard evidence which is
nonprobative, prejudicial or otherwise unfit. Raymond v. Aquarius Condominium
Owners Assn., 662 S.W.2d 82, 92 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1983, no writ).
Therefore, even if there was error, it was harmless. See id.
Moreover, Appellants have not identified an issue on which Appellants
28 were adversely affected by an improper admission of evidence. Appellants have
not assigned error to the money judgment. Appellants likewise have not assigned
error to the determination that lands are subject to partition. Thus, any error in the
admission of evidence on these issues would be harmless.
Similarly, Appellants have not assigned error to the trial court’s
determination of ownership in the lands. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 760 (upon the hearing
of the cause, the court shall determine the share or interest of each of the joint
owners or claimants in the real estate sought to be divided). Appellants make no
effort to demonstrate how the ownership would have differed - had the complained
of evidence been disregarded.
Even more significantly, ownership of such lands was not a contested issue.
As was noted, the trial court struck Appellants' pleadings and granted judgment by
default against them on all of the claims and causes of action asserted by
Appellees. (CR116) Appellants have not assigned error to the striking of pleadings
or to the entry of default.
As a consequence of the default, the ownership interests pleaded by
Appellees were established as a matter of law. Cf. Steinbrecher v. Steinbrecher,
2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 4712, *6, 2003 WL 21282767 (Tex.App.–Austin 2003,
pet. den.) (because default judgment was rendered in partition action, the pleaded
29 facts and liability are deemed admitted), cert. den., 541 U.S. 959 (2004).
The ownership which was pleaded is the same ownership which was
adjudicated. (CR:7-8,116-117; RR3:PlExh.1) Because such ownership was
established as a matter of law, any error in the admission of evidence on such issue
would be harmless.
Similarly, as a consequence of the default - liability on the accounting
(failure to pay Appellees their share of income) was established as a matter of law.
(CR:9-10) For this additional reason, any error in the admission of evidence on
such issue would be harmless.
Appellants failed to cite authority relevant to either overcoming entry of
default or otherwise establishing harmful error. As a consequence, complaint is
waived. The failure to adequately brief an issue by failing to specifically argue and
analyze one's position waives any error on appeal. McCullough v. Scarbrough,
Medlin & Assocs., 435 S.W.3d 871, 911-912 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2014, pet. den.);
see TRAP 38.1(i) (brief must contain argument for contentions made, with citation
to authorities).
Appellees’ Cross-Point
By cross-point, Appellees seek an award of damages for frivolous appeal.
The applicable rule provides as follows:
30 If the court of appeals determines that an appeal is frivolous, it may - on motion of any party or on its own initiative, after notice and a reasonable opportunity for response - award each prevailing party just damages. In determining whether to award damages, the court must not consider any matter that does not appear in the record, briefs, or other papers filed in the court of appeals.
Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 45.
Imposition of Rule 45 sanctions is within the court's discretion. Cranberg v.
Wilson, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 656, *8, 2004 WL 101794 (Tex.App.–Austin
2004, no pet.). An appellant proceeding pro se is held to the same standards as
licensed attorneys. Id.
To determine if an appeal is frivolous, the court applies an objective test,
reviews the record from the appellant's point of view, and decides whether the
appellant had reasonable grounds to believe the judgment could be reversed.
Twenty First Century Holdings, Inc. v. Precision Geothermal Drilling, Inc., 2015
Tex. App. LEXIS 4046, *20 (Tex.App.–Austin), judgment vacated by agreement -
opinion not withdrawn, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 9154 (Tex.App.–Austin 2015).
A showing of bad faith is not necessary to impose sanctions under rule 45.
Cranberg, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 656, *7.
Here, Appellants had no reasonable grounds to believe the judgment could
be reversed. As was demonstrated, Appellants have filed a brief which
31 demonstrates neither preservation, nor error, nor harm. Appellants rely on
assertions of fact which are supported by neither record references nor evidence.
Appellants rely on documents which were not admitted into evidence. Appellants
don’t even mention the fact that the trial judge had struck their pleadings and
ordered judgment by default. Appellants’ appeal is frivolous. See Norton v. Deer
Creek Prop. Owners Ass'n, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 5895, *28, 2010 WL 2867375
(Tex.App.–Austin 2010, no pet.) (a poorly written brief raising no arguable points
of error is a circumstance that tends to indicate that an appeal is frivolous).
In determining whether to award damages for a frivolous appeal, the Court
can consider the fact that Appellants disregarded court rules and court orders in
the trial court. See Deaner v. Marchese, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 915, *5, 2004 WL
177480 (Tex.App.–Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) (in awarding Rule 45 damages, court
considered appellant’s pattern of vexatious litigation in both the appellate
proceeding and prior actions). As was noted, Appellants had refused to answer
discovery requests about the income they had received (relevant to the accounting
claim) so the trial court struck Appellants' pleadings and ordered judgment by
default against Appellants on all claims and causes of action asserted by
Appellees. (CR:116,210; RR2:51-52,58)
In determining whether to award damages for a frivolous appeal, the Court
32 can also consider the fact that Appellants are proceeding pro se while Appellees
necessarily had to retain counsel. It takes little effort to shotgun a multitude of
complaints not supported by the record. However, formulating a meaningful
response requires time and expertise.
Thus, it would be appropriate to shift the cost of Appellees’ response
(appellate attorney fees) to Appellants. As one court observed:
We will not permit spurious appeals, which unnecessarily burden parties and our already crowded docket, to go unpunished. Such appeals take the court's attention from appeals filed in good faith, wasting court time that could and should be devoted to those appeals. No litigant has the right to put a party to needless burden and expense or to waste a court's time that would otherwise be spent on the sacred task of adjudicating the valid disputes of Texas citizens.
Owen v. Jim Allee Imps., Inc., 380 S.W.3d 276, 291 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2012, no
pet.) (emphasis added).
In responding to Appellants’ appeal, Appellees incurred attorney’s fees in
the amount of $6,012. This is a reasonable fee for services necessarily rendered.
(See Affidavit in Support of Trap 45 Damages for Frivolous Appeal, attached
hereto as Exhibit A). Moreover, "[w]hen attorney's fees are assessed as sanctions,
no proof of necessity or reasonableness is required." Miller v. Armogida, 877
S.W.2d 361, 365 (Tex.App.–Hou. [1st Dist.] 1994, writ den.); see JNS Enter., Inc.
v. Dixie Demolition, LLC, 430 S.W.3d 444, 459 (Tex.App.–Austin 2013, no pet.)
33 (the general rules for recovery of an award of attorney's fees do not apply to
attorney fees awarded as sanctions).
34 PRAYER
Appellees pray:
1. That the appeal be dismissed or, alternatively, that the judgment be in all
matters affirmed.
2. That Appellees be awarded just damages for Appellants’ frivolous appeal.
3. That Appellees recover their costs.
4. That Appellees have such other relief as to which they have shown themselves
entitled.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES DAVID WALKER P. O. Box 41 Milano, Texas 76556 SBOT 20706000 Phone: (512) 636-9520 Email: walker@2appeal.com COUNSEL FOR APPELLEES, CHERYL LYNN DIERSCHKE, DANA JOY DIERSCHKE NEZWEK, AND GRANT STEVEN DIERSCHKE
35 CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT
I certify that this document contains 5,084 words (per WordPerfect X6).
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that on November 30, 2015, this document was forwarded to the
following via mail:
Appellant Brian W. Dierschke (appearing pro se) 8494 Hawk Ave San Angelo, TX 76904
Appellant Marvin Dierschke (appearing pro se) 8494 Hawk Ave San Angelo, TX 76904
Exhibit A. Affidavit in Support of TRAP 45 Damages for Frivolous Appeal
37 EXHIBIT A
Affidavit in Support of TRAP 45 Damages for Frivolous Appeal ----------------------------- ~~- ~---.--~--~~
03-1S-00399-CV & 03-1S-00400-CV
IN THE THIRD COURT OF APPEALS AT AUSTIN, TEXAS
Brian Dierschke and Marvin Dierschke v. Cheryl Lynn Dierschke, Dana Joy Dierschke Nezwek, and Grant Steven Dierschke
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF TRAP 45 DAMAGES FOR FRIVOLOUS APPEAL STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF ROBERTSON
BEFORE ME the undersigned Notary Public, on this day personally appeared
James David Walker, who being by me duly sworn on his oath deposed and said:
My name is James David Walker. I am of sound mind and
capable of making this affidavit, and I am personally acquainted with
the facts stated in this affidavit.
I am an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Texas. I
am a sole practitioner.
I am lead attorney for Appellees Cheryl Lynn Dierschke, Dana
Page 1 of 3 Joy Dierschke Nezwek, and Grant Steven Dierschke in the above-
referenced case (herein "this case").
I have been licensed to practice law in the State of Texas since
1983. I have been certified in Civil Appellate Law by the Texas
Board of Legal Specialization since 1992.
I am familiar with the standards for appellate practice in the
Third Court of Appeals at Austin, Texas and with the usual,
customary and reasonable attorney's fees charged for legal
representation in cases filed in such Court. The usual, customary and
reasonable hourly rate for attorney's services rendered in the Third
Court of Appeals in appeals similar to that involved in this case is
$180 per hour.
Appellees agreed to pay me, and I agreed to charge, an hourly
rate of$180. In this case I performed 33.4 hours of necessary work in
responding to the appeal filed in this case by Appellants Marvin
Dierschke and Brian Dierschke, as follows:
-preparing a notice of appearance (0.5 hr);
-preparing a response to Appellants' motion to extend time to
file an appellants' brief (1.0 hr); and,
Page 2 of 3 -preparing an appellees' brief (31.9 hr).
Consequently, Appellees have incurred attorney's fees in the
amount of$6,012. I will bill Appellees $6,012 for the above-
referenced necessary legal services. This is a reasonable fee for
services necessarily rendered.
Further, affiant sayeth not.
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME by the said James David Walker thi~L'3ay of November, 2015, to certify which witness my hand and seal of office.
Printed Name of Notary OS My Commission Expires~ doO ,'7
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