This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-0613
Brett Thomas Green, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed January 5, 2015 Affirmed Smith, Judge
Isanti County District Court File No. 30-CR-08-1174
Brett Thomas Green, Rush City, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Jeffrey R. Edblad, Isanti County Attorney, Cambridge, Minnesota, Scott A. Hersey, Special Assistant County Attorney, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and Smith,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SMITH, Judge
We affirm the district court’s denial of appellant’s petitions for postconviction
relief because the record substantially supports the district court’s conclusions that the issues appellant raised were Knaffla-barred1 and that appellant provided no factual or
legal basis for the relief requested.
FACTS
In 2010, appellant Brett Green was convicted of criminal sexual conduct in the
first, third, and fourth degrees. The district court sentenced Green 153 months’
incarceration and a lifetime period of conditional release. Green appealed on several
grounds, and we affirmed.2 Since his appeal, Green has filed numerous petitions for
postconviction relief, which were all denied.
Most recently, Green filed two petitions for postconviction relief, the first
claiming new evidence and the second claiming insufficient evidence, among other
theories. The district court denied the petitions, finding that all of the claims raised by
appellant’s petitions “were previously addressed on direct appeal or in previous
postconviction motions.” The district court also ruled that Green’s claims are Knaffla-
barred and that none of the Knaffla-exceptions is applicable. It concluded that Green had
“provided no legal or factual basis for the relief he is requesting” or “any additional
information warranting an evidentiary hearing.”
DECISION
Green argues that the district court erred by summarily denying postconviction
relief. We review a summary denial of a postconviction petition for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Nicks, 831 N.W.2d 493, 503 (Minn. 2013). In making this
1 State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 243 N.W.2d 737 (1976). 2 See State v. Green, No. A11-850, 2012 WL 1470164 (Minn. App. Apr. 30, 2012).
2 determination, we review issues of law de novo, but we review factual findings only for
sufficiency of the evidence supporting them. Id.
“A petition for postconviction relief after a direct appeal has been completed may
not be based on grounds that could have been raised on direct appeal of the conviction or
sentence.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). “[W]here direct appeal has once been
taken, all matters raised therein, and all claims known but not raised, will not be
considered upon a subsequent petition for postconviction relief.” Knaffla, 309 Minn. at
252, 243 N.W.2d at 741. “There are two exceptions to the Knaffla rule: (1) if a novel
legal issue is presented, or (2) if the interests of justice require review.” Taylor v. State,
691 N.W.2d 78, 79 (Minn. 2005). An evidentiary hearing is required when “the
petitioner alleges such facts which, if proved by a fair preponderance of the evidence,
would entitle him or her to the requested relief.” Roby v. State, 547 N.W.2d 354, 356
(Minn. 1996). The claims made within the petition “must be more than argumentative
assertions without factual support.” Hodgson v. State, 540 N.W.2d 515, 517 (Minn.
1995) (quotation omitted).
Green based his motions for postconviction relief upon a range of claims—
insufficient evidence, ineffective assistance of trial counsel, witness credibility,
prosecutorial misconduct, errors in admitting evidence, and constitutional violations. He
also argues that his claims are not time-barred based on equitable tolling, mitigating
circumstances, and the interests of justice. He further asserts that his claims are not
Knaffla-barred because he has not yet received effective assistance of counsel, a full and
fair hearing, or relief to which he is entitled.
3 To be entitled to relief, Green must show one of the following: he raised an issue
unavailable to him on direct appeal; he presents a novel legal issue; the interests of justice
require review; or he is entitled to equitable tolling. See Sanchez v. State, 816 N.W.2d
550, 560 (Minn. 2012); Taylor, 691 N.W.2d at 79; Knaffla, 309 Minn. at 252, 243
N.W.2d at 741.
Green generally asserts that he advances novel issues. To fall under this
exception, “a claim must be so novel that its legal basis was not reasonably available to
petitioner at the time the direct appeal was taken.” Powers v. State, 695 N.W.2d 371, 374
(Minn. 2005). But the issues Green raises—including insufficient evidence, ineffective
assistance of trial counsel, the sufficiency of the state’s evidence, cruel and unusual
punishment, and other constitutional claims—are not novel. Because Green raises no
novel legal issues, we decline to grant relief on this ground.
With one exception, discussed below, Green also raises issues that were available
to him on direct appeal. The following issues were available on direct appeal:
insufficient evidence, ineffective assistance of trial counsel, witness credibility,
prosecutorial misconduct, errors in admitting evidence, and constitutional violations.
Thus, he is not entitled to relief on the basis of these issues.
Green raises, for the first time, an ineffective-assistance-of-appellate-counsel
claim, arguing that the attorney that represented him in his direct appeal failed to raise
various issues. Ineffective-assistance-of appellate-counsel claims are properly raised in a
postconviction petition because an appellant cannot know about that claim at the time of
a direct appeal. Wright v. State, 765 N.W.2d 85, 90-91 (Minn. 2009). “To establish
4 ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, the petitioner bears the burden of showing
both that counsel’s performance was not objectively reasonable and, but for counsel’s
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 91. “[C]ounsel is
under a duty to raise only meritorious claims” and “does not act unreasonably by not
asserting claims that counsel could have legitimately concluded would not prevail.” Id.
“The petitioner must overcome the presumption that counsel’s performance fell within a
wide range of reasonable representation.” Id. (quotation omitted).
Green argues that his appellate counsel should have raised constitutional claims,
novel issues, evidence of innocence, prosecutorial misconduct, contradictions in the
record, and credibility of the witnesses. But Green fails to demonstrate how any of these
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-0613
Brett Thomas Green, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed January 5, 2015 Affirmed Smith, Judge
Isanti County District Court File No. 30-CR-08-1174
Brett Thomas Green, Rush City, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Jeffrey R. Edblad, Isanti County Attorney, Cambridge, Minnesota, Scott A. Hersey, Special Assistant County Attorney, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and Smith,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SMITH, Judge
We affirm the district court’s denial of appellant’s petitions for postconviction
relief because the record substantially supports the district court’s conclusions that the issues appellant raised were Knaffla-barred1 and that appellant provided no factual or
legal basis for the relief requested.
FACTS
In 2010, appellant Brett Green was convicted of criminal sexual conduct in the
first, third, and fourth degrees. The district court sentenced Green 153 months’
incarceration and a lifetime period of conditional release. Green appealed on several
grounds, and we affirmed.2 Since his appeal, Green has filed numerous petitions for
postconviction relief, which were all denied.
Most recently, Green filed two petitions for postconviction relief, the first
claiming new evidence and the second claiming insufficient evidence, among other
theories. The district court denied the petitions, finding that all of the claims raised by
appellant’s petitions “were previously addressed on direct appeal or in previous
postconviction motions.” The district court also ruled that Green’s claims are Knaffla-
barred and that none of the Knaffla-exceptions is applicable. It concluded that Green had
“provided no legal or factual basis for the relief he is requesting” or “any additional
information warranting an evidentiary hearing.”
DECISION
Green argues that the district court erred by summarily denying postconviction
relief. We review a summary denial of a postconviction petition for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Nicks, 831 N.W.2d 493, 503 (Minn. 2013). In making this
1 State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 243 N.W.2d 737 (1976). 2 See State v. Green, No. A11-850, 2012 WL 1470164 (Minn. App. Apr. 30, 2012).
2 determination, we review issues of law de novo, but we review factual findings only for
sufficiency of the evidence supporting them. Id.
“A petition for postconviction relief after a direct appeal has been completed may
not be based on grounds that could have been raised on direct appeal of the conviction or
sentence.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). “[W]here direct appeal has once been
taken, all matters raised therein, and all claims known but not raised, will not be
considered upon a subsequent petition for postconviction relief.” Knaffla, 309 Minn. at
252, 243 N.W.2d at 741. “There are two exceptions to the Knaffla rule: (1) if a novel
legal issue is presented, or (2) if the interests of justice require review.” Taylor v. State,
691 N.W.2d 78, 79 (Minn. 2005). An evidentiary hearing is required when “the
petitioner alleges such facts which, if proved by a fair preponderance of the evidence,
would entitle him or her to the requested relief.” Roby v. State, 547 N.W.2d 354, 356
(Minn. 1996). The claims made within the petition “must be more than argumentative
assertions without factual support.” Hodgson v. State, 540 N.W.2d 515, 517 (Minn.
1995) (quotation omitted).
Green based his motions for postconviction relief upon a range of claims—
insufficient evidence, ineffective assistance of trial counsel, witness credibility,
prosecutorial misconduct, errors in admitting evidence, and constitutional violations. He
also argues that his claims are not time-barred based on equitable tolling, mitigating
circumstances, and the interests of justice. He further asserts that his claims are not
Knaffla-barred because he has not yet received effective assistance of counsel, a full and
fair hearing, or relief to which he is entitled.
3 To be entitled to relief, Green must show one of the following: he raised an issue
unavailable to him on direct appeal; he presents a novel legal issue; the interests of justice
require review; or he is entitled to equitable tolling. See Sanchez v. State, 816 N.W.2d
550, 560 (Minn. 2012); Taylor, 691 N.W.2d at 79; Knaffla, 309 Minn. at 252, 243
N.W.2d at 741.
Green generally asserts that he advances novel issues. To fall under this
exception, “a claim must be so novel that its legal basis was not reasonably available to
petitioner at the time the direct appeal was taken.” Powers v. State, 695 N.W.2d 371, 374
(Minn. 2005). But the issues Green raises—including insufficient evidence, ineffective
assistance of trial counsel, the sufficiency of the state’s evidence, cruel and unusual
punishment, and other constitutional claims—are not novel. Because Green raises no
novel legal issues, we decline to grant relief on this ground.
With one exception, discussed below, Green also raises issues that were available
to him on direct appeal. The following issues were available on direct appeal:
insufficient evidence, ineffective assistance of trial counsel, witness credibility,
prosecutorial misconduct, errors in admitting evidence, and constitutional violations.
Thus, he is not entitled to relief on the basis of these issues.
Green raises, for the first time, an ineffective-assistance-of-appellate-counsel
claim, arguing that the attorney that represented him in his direct appeal failed to raise
various issues. Ineffective-assistance-of appellate-counsel claims are properly raised in a
postconviction petition because an appellant cannot know about that claim at the time of
a direct appeal. Wright v. State, 765 N.W.2d 85, 90-91 (Minn. 2009). “To establish
4 ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, the petitioner bears the burden of showing
both that counsel’s performance was not objectively reasonable and, but for counsel’s
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 91. “[C]ounsel is
under a duty to raise only meritorious claims” and “does not act unreasonably by not
asserting claims that counsel could have legitimately concluded would not prevail.” Id.
“The petitioner must overcome the presumption that counsel’s performance fell within a
wide range of reasonable representation.” Id. (quotation omitted).
Green argues that his appellate counsel should have raised constitutional claims,
novel issues, evidence of innocence, prosecutorial misconduct, contradictions in the
record, and credibility of the witnesses. But Green fails to demonstrate how any of these
claims had merit or would have altered the outcome of his direct appeal. His claim
therefore is a mere “argumentative assertion” without factual support, making summary
denial of his petition appropriate. See Leake v. State, 737 N.W.2d 531, 535 (Minn.
2007).
Green next claims that the interests of justice warrant granting his petition. For a
claim to be heard under this exception, an appellant “must not have deliberately and
inexcusably failed to raise the issue on direct appeal,” and his claims must have
“substantive merit.” Powers, 695 N.W.2d at 374 (quotation omitted). On direct appeal,
Green filed supplemental pro se briefs. But he offers no reason as to why he failed to
raise the issues contained in his postconviction petitions in his pro se briefs. Even if he
had compelling reason for this oversight, his claims lack substantive merit. The interests
of justice thus did not require the district court to hear Green’s claims.
5 Additionally, Green argues that his claims should not be barred because the
doctrine of equitable tolling applies. “The doctrine of equitable tolling allows a court to
consider the merits of a claim when it would otherwise be barred by a statute of
limitations.” Sanchez, 816 N.W.2d at 560. For this doctrine to apply, an appellant must
demonstrate that “he was diligently trying to pursue relief on his claim during the
limitations period and that a state actor or some other paramount authority prevented him
from doing so.” Id. at 562 (quotation omitted). Green claims that the state actor who
prevented him from pursuing his claims was his appellate attorney. We are doubtful that
an appellant’s own attorney qualifies as a state actor or paramount authority for purposes
of the equitable-tolling doctrine. See Polk Cnty. v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 325, 102 S. Ct.
445, 453 (1981) (holding that “a public defender does not act under color of state law
when performing a lawyer’s traditional functions as counsel to a defendant in a criminal
proceeding”). More importantly, Green’s pro se appellate brief demonstrates that no state
actor prevented him from raising issues on his own. Therefore, the doctrine of equitable
tolling does not apply here.
The district court did not abuse its discretion by summarily denying Green’s
postconviction petition because the record substantially supports the conclusions that the
issues raised by Green are Knaffla-barred and that Green provided no factual or legal
basis for the relief requested. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s
decision.
Affirmed.