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5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 9 10 MYRON G. BRANDON, CASE NO. 3:21-CV-5417-JCC-DWC 11 Plaintiff, ORDER TO FILE AMENDED 12 v. COMPLAINT 13 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, et al., 14 Defendants. 15
The District Court referred this action to United States Magistrate Judge David W. 16 Christel. Plaintiff Myron G. Brandon, proceeding pro se, filed this civil rights complaint under 17 42 U.S.C. § 1983.1 Having reviewed and screened Plaintiff’s proposed amended complaint under 18 28 U.S.C. §1915A, the Court finds Plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be 19 granted, but provides Plaintiff leave to file an amended pleading by September 24, 2021, to cure 20 the deficiencies identified herein. 21 22
23 1 Plaintiff filed a Motion for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. Dkt. 8. However, the Court declines to 24 rule on the request to proceed in forma pauperis until Plaintiff has filed an amended complaint. 1 I. Background 2 In the proposed amended complaint, Plaintiff, an inmate housed in the Monroe 3 Correctional Complex, alleges Defendants the State of Washington, Mark Wentworth, and Joan 4 Palmer provided Plaintiff with negligent medical care causing him to suffer a heart attack. Dkt.
5 10. 6 II. Discussion 7 Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Court is required to screen 8 complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or 9 employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court must “dismiss the 10 complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint: (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to 11 state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant 12 who is immune from such relief.” Id. at (b); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see Barren v. Harrington, 13 152 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 1998). 14 To state a claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must show: (1) he suffered a
15 violation of rights protected by the Constitution or created by federal statute, and (2) the 16 violation was proximately caused by a person acting under color of state law. See Crumpton v. 17 Gates, 947 F.2d 1418, 1420 (9th Cir. 1991). The first step in a § 1983 claim is therefore to 18 identify the specific constitutional right allegedly infringed. Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 271 19 (1994). 20 To satisfy the second prong, a plaintiff must allege facts showing how individually 21 named defendants caused, or personally participated in causing, the harm alleged in the 22 complaint. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988); Arnold v. IBM, 637 F.2d 1350, 23 1355 (9th Cir. 1981). A person subjects another to a deprivation of a constitutional right when
24 1 committing an affirmative act, participating in another’s affirmative act, or omitting to perform an 2 act which is legally required. Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Sweeping 3 conclusory allegations against an official are insufficient to state a claim for relief. Leer, 844 F.2d 4 at 633. Further, a § 1983 suit cannot be based on vicarious liability alone, but must allege the
5 defendant’s own conduct violated the plaintiff’s civil rights. City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 6 378, 385-90 (1989). 7 Plaintiff’s proposed amended complaint suffers from deficiencies that require dismissal if 8 not corrected in an amended complaint. 9 A. Deliberate Indifference 10 Plaintiff alleges Defendants acted with deliberate indifference to his serious medical need 11 when they failed to examine him for a year. Dkt. 10. Deliberate indifference to serious medical 12 needs of prisoners constitutes the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.” Estelle v. Gamble, 13 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976) (internal citation omitted); see Hudson v. McMillan, 503 U.S. 1, 6 14 (1992). An Eighth Amendment medical claim has two elements: (1) “the seriousness of the
15 prisoner’s medical need and [(2)] the nature of the defendant’s response to that need.” McGuckin 16 v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir.1991), overruled on other grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. 17 v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir.1997) (en banc). 18 A medical need is serious “if the failure to treat the prisoner’s condition could result in 19 further significant injury or the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.’” McGuckin, 974 20 F.2d at 1059 (quoting Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104). “The existence of an injury that a reasonable 21 doctor or patient would find important and worthy of comment or treatment; the presence of a 22 medical condition that significantly affects an individual’s daily activities; or the existence of 23
24 1 chronic and substantial pain are examples of indications that a prisoner has a ‘serious’ need for 2 medical treatment.” Id. at 1059-1060. 3 If a plaintiff shows he suffered from a serious medical need, he must then show the 4 prison officials responded to the need with deliberate indifference. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834.
5 Deliberate indifference to a prisoner’s serious medical need requires “a purposeful act or failure 6 to act on the part of the defendant.” McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1060. In other words, “[a] defendant 7 must purposefully ignore or fail to respond to a prisoner’s pain or possible medical need.” Id. A 8 prison official, accordingly, will not be found deliberately indifferent to a prisoner’s serious 9 medical needs “unless the official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or 10 safety.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. “[T]he official must both be aware of facts from which the 11 inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the 12 inference.” Id. 13 Plaintiff alleges he had a heart attack in 2016. Dkt. 10. In November 2017, non-party Dr. 14 Lisa Abraham ordered Plaintiff to have his heart examined within six months. Id. Plaintiff was
15 transferred to Washington Corrections Center from Washington State Penitentiary and did not 16 receive a physical nor was his heart examined from November 2017 through November 2018. Id. 17 On February 8, 2019, Plaintiff had a second heart attack. Id. Plaintiff alleges Defendants 18 Wentworth and Palmer failed to follow Dr. Abraham’s orders and provide Plaintiff with the 19 necessary medical examinations from November 2017 through November 2018. Id. 20 First, Plaintiff has not alleged facts sufficient to show Defendants Wentworth and Palmer 21 were aware of Plaintiff’s condition and the orders from Dr. Abraham.
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5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 9 10 MYRON G. BRANDON, CASE NO. 3:21-CV-5417-JCC-DWC 11 Plaintiff, ORDER TO FILE AMENDED 12 v. COMPLAINT 13 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, et al., 14 Defendants. 15
The District Court referred this action to United States Magistrate Judge David W. 16 Christel. Plaintiff Myron G. Brandon, proceeding pro se, filed this civil rights complaint under 17 42 U.S.C. § 1983.1 Having reviewed and screened Plaintiff’s proposed amended complaint under 18 28 U.S.C. §1915A, the Court finds Plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be 19 granted, but provides Plaintiff leave to file an amended pleading by September 24, 2021, to cure 20 the deficiencies identified herein. 21 22
23 1 Plaintiff filed a Motion for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis. Dkt. 8. However, the Court declines to 24 rule on the request to proceed in forma pauperis until Plaintiff has filed an amended complaint. 1 I. Background 2 In the proposed amended complaint, Plaintiff, an inmate housed in the Monroe 3 Correctional Complex, alleges Defendants the State of Washington, Mark Wentworth, and Joan 4 Palmer provided Plaintiff with negligent medical care causing him to suffer a heart attack. Dkt.
5 10. 6 II. Discussion 7 Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Court is required to screen 8 complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or 9 employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The Court must “dismiss the 10 complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint: (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to 11 state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant 12 who is immune from such relief.” Id. at (b); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see Barren v. Harrington, 13 152 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 1998). 14 To state a claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must show: (1) he suffered a
15 violation of rights protected by the Constitution or created by federal statute, and (2) the 16 violation was proximately caused by a person acting under color of state law. See Crumpton v. 17 Gates, 947 F.2d 1418, 1420 (9th Cir. 1991). The first step in a § 1983 claim is therefore to 18 identify the specific constitutional right allegedly infringed. Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 271 19 (1994). 20 To satisfy the second prong, a plaintiff must allege facts showing how individually 21 named defendants caused, or personally participated in causing, the harm alleged in the 22 complaint. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988); Arnold v. IBM, 637 F.2d 1350, 23 1355 (9th Cir. 1981). A person subjects another to a deprivation of a constitutional right when
24 1 committing an affirmative act, participating in another’s affirmative act, or omitting to perform an 2 act which is legally required. Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Sweeping 3 conclusory allegations against an official are insufficient to state a claim for relief. Leer, 844 F.2d 4 at 633. Further, a § 1983 suit cannot be based on vicarious liability alone, but must allege the
5 defendant’s own conduct violated the plaintiff’s civil rights. City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 6 378, 385-90 (1989). 7 Plaintiff’s proposed amended complaint suffers from deficiencies that require dismissal if 8 not corrected in an amended complaint. 9 A. Deliberate Indifference 10 Plaintiff alleges Defendants acted with deliberate indifference to his serious medical need 11 when they failed to examine him for a year. Dkt. 10. Deliberate indifference to serious medical 12 needs of prisoners constitutes the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.” Estelle v. Gamble, 13 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976) (internal citation omitted); see Hudson v. McMillan, 503 U.S. 1, 6 14 (1992). An Eighth Amendment medical claim has two elements: (1) “the seriousness of the
15 prisoner’s medical need and [(2)] the nature of the defendant’s response to that need.” McGuckin 16 v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir.1991), overruled on other grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. 17 v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir.1997) (en banc). 18 A medical need is serious “if the failure to treat the prisoner’s condition could result in 19 further significant injury or the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.’” McGuckin, 974 20 F.2d at 1059 (quoting Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104). “The existence of an injury that a reasonable 21 doctor or patient would find important and worthy of comment or treatment; the presence of a 22 medical condition that significantly affects an individual’s daily activities; or the existence of 23
24 1 chronic and substantial pain are examples of indications that a prisoner has a ‘serious’ need for 2 medical treatment.” Id. at 1059-1060. 3 If a plaintiff shows he suffered from a serious medical need, he must then show the 4 prison officials responded to the need with deliberate indifference. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834.
5 Deliberate indifference to a prisoner’s serious medical need requires “a purposeful act or failure 6 to act on the part of the defendant.” McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1060. In other words, “[a] defendant 7 must purposefully ignore or fail to respond to a prisoner’s pain or possible medical need.” Id. A 8 prison official, accordingly, will not be found deliberately indifferent to a prisoner’s serious 9 medical needs “unless the official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or 10 safety.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. “[T]he official must both be aware of facts from which the 11 inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the 12 inference.” Id. 13 Plaintiff alleges he had a heart attack in 2016. Dkt. 10. In November 2017, non-party Dr. 14 Lisa Abraham ordered Plaintiff to have his heart examined within six months. Id. Plaintiff was
15 transferred to Washington Corrections Center from Washington State Penitentiary and did not 16 receive a physical nor was his heart examined from November 2017 through November 2018. Id. 17 On February 8, 2019, Plaintiff had a second heart attack. Id. Plaintiff alleges Defendants 18 Wentworth and Palmer failed to follow Dr. Abraham’s orders and provide Plaintiff with the 19 necessary medical examinations from November 2017 through November 2018. Id. 20 First, Plaintiff has not alleged facts sufficient to show Defendants Wentworth and Palmer 21 were aware of Plaintiff’s condition and the orders from Dr. Abraham. As Plaintiff has not alleged 22 Defendants Wentworth and Palmer had knowledge of Plaintiff’s serious medical needs, he has 23 not alleged facts sufficient to show Defendants Wentworth and Palmer acted with deliberate indifference to Plaintiff’s serious medical needs. 24 1 Second, Plaintiff has failed to allege facts sufficient to show Defendants Wentworth and 2 Palmer violated Plaintiff’s constitutional rights. At most, Plaintiff has alleged Defendants 3 Wentworth and Palmer did not provide the treatment recommended by a different medical 4 professional, which is insufficient to state a §1983 claim. See Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051,
5 1058 (9th Cir. 2004) (finding mere differences of opinion between a prisoner and prison medical 6 staff or between medical professionals regarding the proper course of treatment does not give 7 rise to a § 1983 claim); Hutchinson v. U.S., 838 F.2d 390, 394 (9th Cir. 1988) (“[m]ere 8 negligence in diagnosing or treating a medical condition, without more, does not violate a 9 prisoner’s Eighth Amendment rights.”). 10 For the above stated reasons, the Court finds Plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon 11 which relief can be granted as to Defendants Wentworth and Palmer. If Plaintiff wishes to pursue 12 a claim against Defendants Wentworth and Palmer for deliberate indifference to a serious 13 medical need, he must provide a short, plain statement explaining exactly what Defendants 14 Wentworth and Palmer did or failed to do and how the actions violated Plaintiff’s constitutional
15 rights and caused him harm. 16 B. Improper Defendant 17 Plaintiff names the State of Washington as a Defendant. Dkt. 10. Section 1983 applies to 18 the actions of “persons” acting under the color of state law. The State of Washington is not a 19 “person” for purposes of a §1983 civil rights action. See Will v. Michigan Dep’t. of State Police, 20 491 U.S. 58, 65, 71 (1989). Additionally, there is no evidence the State of Washington has 21 waived its Eleventh Amendment immunity in federal courts. Therefore, the State of Washington 22 cannot be sued under §1983 and should not be named in this lawsuit. 23
24 1 III. Instruction to Plaintiff and the Clerk 2 Due to the deficiencies described above, if Plaintiff intends to pursue a § 1983 civil rights 3 action in this Court, he must file an amended complaint and within the amended complaint, he 4 must write a short, plain statement telling the Court: (1) the constitutional right Plaintiff believes
5 was violated; (2) the name of the person who violated the right; (3) exactly what the individual 6 did or failed to do; (4) how the action or inaction of the individual is connected to the violation 7 of Plaintiff’s constitutional rights; and (5) what specific injury Plaintiff suffered because of the 8 individual’s conduct. See Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 371–72, 377 (1976). 9 Plaintiff shall present the amended complaint on the form provided by the Court. The 10 amended complaint must be legibly rewritten or retyped in its entirety, it should be an original 11 and not a copy, it should contain the same case number, and it may not incorporate any part of 12 the original complaint by reference. The amended complaint will act as a complete substitute for 13 the original Complaint, and not as a supplement. An amended complaint supersedes the original 14 complaint. Forsyth v. Humana, Inc., 114 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 1997) overruled in part on
15 other grounds, Lacey v. Maricopa County,693 F.3d 896 (9th Cir. 2012). Therefore, the amended 16 complaint must be complete in itself and all facts and causes of action alleged in the original 17 Complaint that are not alleged in the amended complaint are waived. Forsyth, 114 F.3d at 1474. 18 The Court will screen the amended complaint to determine whether it contains factual allegations 19 linking each Defendant to the alleged violations of Plaintiff’s rights. The Court will not authorize 20 service of the amended complaint on any Defendant who is not specifically linked to a violation 21 of Plaintiff’s rights. 22 23
24 1 If Plaintiff fails to file an amended complaint or fails to adequately respond to the issues 2 raised herein on or before September 24, 2021, the undersigned will recommend dismissal of this 3 action. 4 The Clerk is directed to send Plaintiff copies of this Order and the appropriate forms for
5 filing a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights complaint and for service. The Clerk is also directed to re- 6 note Plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. 8) for September 24, 2021. 7 Dated this 23rd day of August, 2021. 8 A 9 David W. Christel United States Magistrate Judge 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24