July 16 2013
DA 13-0029
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2013 MT 198N
BRANDON BURNS,
Petitioner/Defendant and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent/Plaintiff and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 08-0701 Honorable Gregory R. Todd, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Brandon James Burns, self-represented litigant; Deer Lodge, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General; C. Mark Fowler, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: June 19, 2013
Decided: July 16, 2013
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not
serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this
Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana
Reports.
¶2 Brandon Burns entered a guilty plea on March 22, 2010, in the Thirteenth Judicial
District Court to operating or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle with
blood alcohol level of .08 or more, a felony, in violation of § 61-8-406, MCA. The terms
of the parties’ nonbinding plea agreement required the State to recommend a fifteen-year
prison sentence with five years suspended. The agreement contained no provisions
regarding recommendation or imposition of a fine. The subsequent presentence
investigation report, however, recommended a $5,000 fine in addition to the prison
sentence recommended by the State. On June 22, 2010, the District Court sentenced
Burns to the prison term the State recommended and imposed a fine of $5,000. Burns did
not object to the fine at the time of sentencing, nor did he raise the issue on direct appeal.
State v. Burns, 2011 MT 167, ¶¶ 2-6, 361 Mont. 191, 256 P.3d 944 (Burns I).
¶3 Burns filed a motion with the sentencing court in September 2011, seeking to
withdraw his plea on the ground that the State’s recommended imposition of a $5,000
fine violated the plea agreement. The District Court denied Burns’s motion and this
Court affirmed. State v. Burns, 2012 MT 97, 365 Mont. 27, 278 P.3d 452 (Burns II). We 2 held that Burns had not shown good cause for withdrawing his plea where he failed to
object either when the fine was recommended in the PSI report, when the State
recommended it at sentencing, or on appeal, but waited nearly a year after imposition of
sentence to raise any concern. Burns II, ¶¶ 16-18.
¶4 Burns filed in November 2012 a petition with the District Court for postconviction
relief, raising two claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. First, Burns claimed that
his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to cross-examine the investigating police
officers on the police dispatch reports during the pre-trial hearing on Burns’s motion to
suppress. Second, Burns claimed that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to
appeal the recommendation of the fine as a violation of the plea agreement. In addition
to these postconviction claims, Burns moved for recusal of the District Court judge on the
ground that the judge was biased against him. In support of this claim, Burns alleged that
the judge had entered numerous rulings against Burns and had allegedly coached the
prosecutor during the pretrial motions hearing.1 The District Court denied both the
postconviction petition and the motion for recusal in a single order on January 7, 2013.
Burns appeals.
¶5 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to
determine whether its findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether its legal
1 Neither Burns’s Motion for Recusal nor his Petition for Postconviction Relief is contained in the District Court file, nor does the file reflect a docket entry for either pleading. Burns has attached copies of both to his brief on appeal and we refer to those documents in discussing the issues and arguments raised in the District Court. 3 conclusions are correct. Rukes v. State, 2013 MT 56, ¶ 8, 369 Mont. 215, 297 P.3d 1195.
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of trial or appellate counsel, a petitioner
must show that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense. Rogers v. State, 2011 MT 105, ¶¶ 15, 37, 360 Mont. 334, 253
P.3d 889 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984)). A
district court’s determination of its jurisdiction is a conclusion of law that this Court
reviews to determine whether the interpretation of law is correct. City of Dillon v.
Warner, 2012 MT 17, ¶ 5, 363 Mont. 383, 272 P.3d 41.
¶6 We first address the motion for recusal of the presiding judge. Section 3-1-805(1),
MCA, requires a party seeking disqualification for cause to “file an affidavit alleging
facts showing personal bias or prejudice of the presiding judge.” Section 3-1-805(1)(b),
MCA, provides that an affidavit for disqualification will be deemed not to have been
made in good faith if it is based solely on rulings in the case that can be addressed in an
appeal from the final judgment. Burns’s Motion to Request Judge’s Recusal contained
nothing more than conclusory allegations that the District Judge was biased against him
due to the numerous rulings he had made against Burns and that the Judge “had a vested
interest in seeing his former rulings upheld.” Burns included no affidavit with his
motion.
¶7 As the District Court correctly observed, Montana law specifically contemplates
that “postconviction proceedings occur in front of the same judge who presided over
sentencing.” Patrick v. State, 2011 MT 169, ¶ 16, 361 Mont. 204, 257 P.3d 365. Absent 4 an affidavit with facts supporting a claim of personal bias or prejudice, Burns’s motion
did not meet the threshold requirements of the statute and the District Court did not err in
denying it summarily and proceeding to exercise jurisdiction over the postconviction
proceeding.
¶8 Turning to the merits of his petition, Burns argues that his first trial counsel
provided ineffective assistance by failing to bring to light certain entries in the police
dispatch reports that would have demonstrated pretext in the State’s claim that the
investigating officers initiated their contact with Burns pursuant to the “community
caretaker doctrine.” Burns takes issue with the District Court’s description of the entries
as “relatively insignificant.” The incident reports, which Burns claims not to have seen
until months later when he demanded a copy of all discovery, included references to
“DUI” and “Drunk” in the “Incident Type” descriptions of the form. Burns claims that
had these reports been brought out during the suppression hearing, it would have
demonstrated that the officers were lying when they testified that they responded to a
request for a welfare check.
¶9 The reports indicate that the caller reported that a man was “passed out in front of
[the] address” reported, that his vehicle was running, and that the complainant did not
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July 16 2013
DA 13-0029
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2013 MT 198N
BRANDON BURNS,
Petitioner/Defendant and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent/Plaintiff and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District, In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 08-0701 Honorable Gregory R. Todd, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Brandon James Burns, self-represented litigant; Deer Lodge, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General; C. Mark Fowler, Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: June 19, 2013
Decided: July 16, 2013
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not
serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this
Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana
Reports.
¶2 Brandon Burns entered a guilty plea on March 22, 2010, in the Thirteenth Judicial
District Court to operating or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle with
blood alcohol level of .08 or more, a felony, in violation of § 61-8-406, MCA. The terms
of the parties’ nonbinding plea agreement required the State to recommend a fifteen-year
prison sentence with five years suspended. The agreement contained no provisions
regarding recommendation or imposition of a fine. The subsequent presentence
investigation report, however, recommended a $5,000 fine in addition to the prison
sentence recommended by the State. On June 22, 2010, the District Court sentenced
Burns to the prison term the State recommended and imposed a fine of $5,000. Burns did
not object to the fine at the time of sentencing, nor did he raise the issue on direct appeal.
State v. Burns, 2011 MT 167, ¶¶ 2-6, 361 Mont. 191, 256 P.3d 944 (Burns I).
¶3 Burns filed a motion with the sentencing court in September 2011, seeking to
withdraw his plea on the ground that the State’s recommended imposition of a $5,000
fine violated the plea agreement. The District Court denied Burns’s motion and this
Court affirmed. State v. Burns, 2012 MT 97, 365 Mont. 27, 278 P.3d 452 (Burns II). We 2 held that Burns had not shown good cause for withdrawing his plea where he failed to
object either when the fine was recommended in the PSI report, when the State
recommended it at sentencing, or on appeal, but waited nearly a year after imposition of
sentence to raise any concern. Burns II, ¶¶ 16-18.
¶4 Burns filed in November 2012 a petition with the District Court for postconviction
relief, raising two claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. First, Burns claimed that
his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to cross-examine the investigating police
officers on the police dispatch reports during the pre-trial hearing on Burns’s motion to
suppress. Second, Burns claimed that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to
appeal the recommendation of the fine as a violation of the plea agreement. In addition
to these postconviction claims, Burns moved for recusal of the District Court judge on the
ground that the judge was biased against him. In support of this claim, Burns alleged that
the judge had entered numerous rulings against Burns and had allegedly coached the
prosecutor during the pretrial motions hearing.1 The District Court denied both the
postconviction petition and the motion for recusal in a single order on January 7, 2013.
Burns appeals.
¶5 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to
determine whether its findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether its legal
1 Neither Burns’s Motion for Recusal nor his Petition for Postconviction Relief is contained in the District Court file, nor does the file reflect a docket entry for either pleading. Burns has attached copies of both to his brief on appeal and we refer to those documents in discussing the issues and arguments raised in the District Court. 3 conclusions are correct. Rukes v. State, 2013 MT 56, ¶ 8, 369 Mont. 215, 297 P.3d 1195.
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of trial or appellate counsel, a petitioner
must show that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense. Rogers v. State, 2011 MT 105, ¶¶ 15, 37, 360 Mont. 334, 253
P.3d 889 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984)). A
district court’s determination of its jurisdiction is a conclusion of law that this Court
reviews to determine whether the interpretation of law is correct. City of Dillon v.
Warner, 2012 MT 17, ¶ 5, 363 Mont. 383, 272 P.3d 41.
¶6 We first address the motion for recusal of the presiding judge. Section 3-1-805(1),
MCA, requires a party seeking disqualification for cause to “file an affidavit alleging
facts showing personal bias or prejudice of the presiding judge.” Section 3-1-805(1)(b),
MCA, provides that an affidavit for disqualification will be deemed not to have been
made in good faith if it is based solely on rulings in the case that can be addressed in an
appeal from the final judgment. Burns’s Motion to Request Judge’s Recusal contained
nothing more than conclusory allegations that the District Judge was biased against him
due to the numerous rulings he had made against Burns and that the Judge “had a vested
interest in seeing his former rulings upheld.” Burns included no affidavit with his
motion.
¶7 As the District Court correctly observed, Montana law specifically contemplates
that “postconviction proceedings occur in front of the same judge who presided over
sentencing.” Patrick v. State, 2011 MT 169, ¶ 16, 361 Mont. 204, 257 P.3d 365. Absent 4 an affidavit with facts supporting a claim of personal bias or prejudice, Burns’s motion
did not meet the threshold requirements of the statute and the District Court did not err in
denying it summarily and proceeding to exercise jurisdiction over the postconviction
proceeding.
¶8 Turning to the merits of his petition, Burns argues that his first trial counsel
provided ineffective assistance by failing to bring to light certain entries in the police
dispatch reports that would have demonstrated pretext in the State’s claim that the
investigating officers initiated their contact with Burns pursuant to the “community
caretaker doctrine.” Burns takes issue with the District Court’s description of the entries
as “relatively insignificant.” The incident reports, which Burns claims not to have seen
until months later when he demanded a copy of all discovery, included references to
“DUI” and “Drunk” in the “Incident Type” descriptions of the form. Burns claims that
had these reports been brought out during the suppression hearing, it would have
demonstrated that the officers were lying when they testified that they responded to a
request for a welfare check.
¶9 The reports indicate that the caller reported that a man was “passed out in front of
[the] address” reported, that his vehicle was running, and that the complainant did not
“feel comfortable going up to the veh[icle].” The information contained in the reports is
not at odds with the officers’ testimony. During the suppression hearing, “[Officer]
Jensen testified that he was directed to go to Avenue C for a welfare check on a
suspicious vehicle with a male occupant passed out in the driver’s seat. [Officer] 5 Lawrence testified that he remembered being dispatched to a possible drunk driver passed
out in a vehicle.” Burns I, ¶ 8. The evidence on which Burns relies is as consistent with
an investigation to check on the welfare of the driver as it is with a DUI investigation.
We agree with the District Court that the deficiency prong of Strickland need not be
addressed because Burns has not demonstrated prejudice by showing a reasonable
likelihood that the outcome of the proceeding would have been different had the reports
been admitted.
¶10 Burns next argues that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise on
direct appeal the prosecutor’s alleged breach of the plea agreement. He represents that
his counsel told him the breach could be dealt with by means other than direct appeal,
through a later motion to withdraw the plea. The State counters that appellate counsel
reasonably did not raise the issue on appeal, since there had been no objection. Burns
protests the unfairness of the State’s position, arguing that this Court ruled previously that
the claim should have been brought on direct appeal and thus there is no avenue to
address the wrong. Burns claims that he would have gone to trial had he believed that the
plea agreement allowed the State to argue for a fine.
¶11 Since Burns’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim arises out of a challenge to
his guilty plea, Burns “must establish prejudice by showing ‘there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would
have insisted on going to trial.’” Hardin v. State, 2006 MT 272, ¶ 18, 334 Mont. 204,
146 P.3d 746 (citations omitted). The postconviction pleading requirements demand that 6 a petitioner “bring forward more evidence than a ‘self-serving statement.’” Kelly v. State,
2013 MT 21, ¶ 10, 368 Mont. 309, 300 P.3d 120 (citation omitted). Burns was facing a
minimum sentence of five years and a maximum sentence of 100 years as a Persistent
Felony Offender. The recommended fifteen-year sentence, with five years suspended,
was a favorable offer for Burns, especially in light of the rejection of his pretrial motions.
Burns acknowledged that the court was not bound by the parties’ plea agreement
regarding sentencing. He raised no objection to the fine after it appeared as a
recommendation in the PSI report and voiced no concern over the fine for nearly a year—
as we observed previously, “a time period that corresponds with his receipt of a gift of
money from a family member.” Burns II, ¶ 16. We are not persuaded by Burns’s
conclusory statement that he would not have pleaded guilty had he known he would lose
his right to later challenge the alleged breach of the plea agreement or the imposition of a
fine.
¶12 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of
our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable memorandum opinions. The
District Court correctly denied Burns’s petition for postconviction relief.
¶13 Affirmed.
/S/ BETH BAKER We concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH /S/ BRIAN MORRIS /S/ PATRICIA COTTER /S/ LAURIE McKINNON 7