Bradford v. University Civil Service Merit Board of the University Civil Service System

2025 IL App (1st) 231423-U

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: May 14, 2025
• Docket: 1-23-1423
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

2025 IL App (1st) 231423-U No. 1-23-1423 Order filed May 14, 2025 Third Division

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________ IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________ VINCENT BRADFORD, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County. ) v. ) No. 21 CH 261 ) UNIVERSITY CIVIL SERVICE MERIT BOARD OF ) THE UNIVERSITY CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM, THE ) UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO, and THE ) BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ) ILLINOIS, ) ) Defendants, ) ) (University Civil Service Merit Board of the University ) Honorable Civil Service System and The Board of Trustees of the ) Allen P. Walker, University of Illinois, Defendants-Appellees). ) Judge, presiding.

PRESIDING JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Hoffman and Martin concurred in the judgment.

ORDER No. 1-23-1423

¶1 Held: The circuit court did not err in dismissing plaintiff’s second amended complaint for administrative review where plaintiff failed to timely file his second amended complaint and join and serve a necessary party.

¶2 Plaintiff Vincent Bradford appeals pro se from the circuit court’s dismissal with prejudice

pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2022))

of his complaint for administrative review of the final decision of the University Civil Service

Merit Board of the University Civil Service System (Merit Board) terminating his employment

with the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois (Board of Trustees). Bradford argues, in

relevant part, that he properly served the University three times with the complaint although the

University was not a party before the Merit Board. We affirm. 1

¶3 We recount the proceedings only to the extent necessary to understand the issues on appeal.

¶4 Following an administrative hearing before the Merit Board, Bradford was terminated from

his position as a human resources associate with the University of Illinois at Chicago based on

findings that (1) he failed to communicate to his supervisor regarding his ability to work, (2) he

failed to respond to an order to report to work, (3) he took multiple unapproved and unexcused

absences exceeding 30 days, and (4) he failed to communicate with his supervisor during said

absences. The Merit Board issued its final decision on December 10, 2020, and mailed it to

Bradford on December 18, 2020. The Merit Board’s notice of its final decision stated that Bradford

could seek judicial review, which “shall be commenced by the filing of a complaint and the

issuance of a summons within 35 days from the date that a copy of the decision sought to be

reviewed was served upon the parties affected thereby.”

1 In adherence with the requirements of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 352(a) (eff. July 1, 2018), this appeal has been resolved without oral argument upon the entry of a separate written order.

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¶5 On January 19, 2021, Bradford filed a pro se complaint in the circuit court seeking

administrative review and reversal of the Merit Board’s decision. Bradford filed an amended

complaint on May 21, 2023. The Merit Board was the only named defendant in the complaint and

amended complaint.

¶6 On October 6, 2021, the Merit Board filed a motion requesting the court to determine that

Bradford failed to name and serve all necessary parties and allow him 35 days to amend his

complaint and serve summons accordingly. Specifically, the Merit Board argued that the Board of

Trustees, as Bradford’s employer, was a necessary party to the proceedings. On October 27, 2021,

the court allowed Bradford until November 12, 2021, to file an amended complaint “naming the

University of Illinois” as a defendant and until December 13, 2021, to serve the parties with the

¶7 On November 11, 2021, Bradford filed an amended complaint naming the Merit Board and

“The University of Illinois at Chicago” as defendants. His certificate of service shows that he

served summons to “University Legal Counsel” at the business address of an attorney who had

represented the Board of Trustees at the Merit Board proceedings.

¶8 On December 29, 2021, Bradford filed a motion for default judgment against the Board of

Trustees, arguing that it failed to file an appearance, answer, or otherwise plead. In response, the

Board of Trustees filed a motion instanter to dismiss the amended complaint for failure to name

and serve a necessary party, namely “The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.”

¶9 In January 2022, while these motions pended, the judge recused herself. In July 2022, the

case was reassigned to another judge, and the Board of Trustees renewed its motion to dismiss.

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¶ 10 On February 8, 2023, the court conducted a hearing and ruled that “the Board of Trustees

of the University of Illinois is a necessary party” and had not been named as a defendant. The court

again granted Bradford leave to name and serve that necessary party within 35 days.

¶ 11 According to the record, Bradford was incarcerated in Taylorville Correctional Center at

the time he filed a second amended complaint naming the Merit Board, the University of Illinois

at Chicago, and “The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.” The amended complaint

shows a file-stamp date of March 17, 2023. Bradford’s affidavit, dated February 23, 2023, was

submitted with his complaint and lists the addresses of the three named defendants. The envelope

reflects a postage meter stamp bearing a date of March 6, 2023, and a filed stamp date of March

17, 2023. Bradford did not include a certificate of service pursuant to section 1-109 of the Code

(735 ILCS 5/1-109 (West 2022)). Ill. S. Ct. R. 12(b)(6) (eff. July 1, 2017).

¶ 12 Following a status hearing on March 24, 2023, the court entered an order noting that “[t]he

Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois has not been named and served and this Court

previously determined that the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois is a necessary party.”

The court set a briefing schedule to allow the Merit Board and “[n]on-party the Board of Trustees

of the University of Illinois” to file motions to dismiss, and Bradford to respond.

¶ 13 The Merit Board moved to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619(5) of the Code (735 ILCS

5/2-619(5) (West 2022)), noting that on February 8, 2023, the circuit court granted Bradford leave

to file an amended complaint within 35 days. Bradford, however, filed his amended complaint 37

days later and therefore did not timely join and serve all necessary parties. The Board of Trustees

moved to dismiss for failure to join and serve a necessary party pursuant to section 2-619(9) of the

Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619(9) (West 2022)).

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¶ 14 On July 7, 2023, the court granted both motions and dismissed the case with prejudice. The

court noted that Bradford “failed to name and serve the Board of Trustees of the University of

Illinois within 35 days from the date of the Court’s determination that the [Board of Trustees] was

a necessary party of record to the administrative proceedings.”

¶ 15 On appeal, Bradford challenges the dismissal of his complaint seeking administrative

review.

¶ 16 Section 2-619 motions to dismiss admit the legal sufficiency of the pleading but contend

that an affirmative matter precludes the claim. In re Marriage of Andrew, 2023 IL App (1st)

221039, ¶ 36. A section 2-619 motion to dismiss is a proper method to attack a complaint seeking

administrative review for failure to comply with filing and issuance of summons requirements.

See, e.g., Ocampo v. Illinois Civil Service Comm’n, 2024 IL App (1st) 230667-U, ¶ 25. 2 We

review dismissals under section 2-619 de novo. Id.

¶ 17 “The provisions of the Administrative Review Law *** apply to and govern all

proceedings for the judicial review of final administrative decisions of the Merit Board.” 110 ILCS

70/36(e) (West 2022).

¶ 18 Administrative review involves the exercise of “special statutory jurisdiction.” ESG Watts,

Inc. v. Pollution Control Board, 191 Ill. 2d 26, 30 (2000). Under the Administrative Review Law

(735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2022)), “[u]nless review is sought of an administrative decision

within the time and in the manner herein provided, the parties to the proceeding before the

administrative agency shall be barred from obtaining judicial review of such administrative

2 Cited as persuasive authority under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(e)(1) (eff. Feb. 1, 2023) (nonprecedential orders entered under Rule 23(b) on or after January 1, 2021, may be cited for persuasive purposes).

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decision.” Id. § 3-102. Judicial review of a final administrative decision is commenced by filing a

complaint and issuing the summons within 35 days from the date that a copy of the decision was

served to the party seeking review. Id. § 3-103. The summons “shall be served by registered or

certified mail on the administrative agency and on each of the other defendants.” Id. § 3-105. If

the court determines that an agency or a party of record to the administrative proceedings was not

made a defendant as required, then the court shall grant the plaintiff 35 days from the date of the

determination to join and serve the unnamed agency or party as a defendant. Id. § 3-107(a).

¶ 19 In this case, the circuit court did not err when it dismissed the administrative review

complaint pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code where Bradford failed to join and serve a

necessary party. Bradford’s initial complaint only named the Merit Board as defendant. The court

determined, on two occasions, that the Board of Trustees was a necessary party. We agree with

that determination, given that the Board of Trustees was Bradford’s employer and a party to the

proceedings before the Merit Board. Id. Bradford was required to name and serve the Board of

Trustees within 35 days of service of the Merit Board’s final order. Palos Bank & Trust Co. v.

Illinois Property Tax Appeal Board, 2015 IL App (1st) 143324, ¶ 11. Bradford received two

opportunities, over a year apart, to amend his complaint to properly name and serve the Board of

Trustees. He failed to do so both times.

¶ 20 The first time, in October 2021, Bradford named “the University of Illinois at Chicago” as

defendant and served an attorney for the Board of Trustees, but not the Board of Trustees. As a

result, the Board of Trustees was not joined or served at that time. See Gunther v. State of Illinois

Civil Service Comm’n, 344 Ill. App. 3d 912, 915 (2003) (service on counsel for an agency did not

meet service requirements). After the case was reassigned to a different judge, Bradford received

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a second opportunity, on February 8, 2023, to name and serve the Board of Trustees. The court

noted that Bradford was to name “the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois” and again

granted him 35 days to amend his complaint. 735 ILCS 5/3-107 (West 2022).

¶ 21 Bradford’s amended complaint was stamped filed on March 17, 2023, 37 days after the

court granted him leave to amend and serve the parties on February 8, 2023. Bradford did not

provide a certificate of service pursuant to section 1-109 of the Code, establishing the date of

mailing. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 12(b)(6) (eff. July 1, 2017). As such, March 17, 2023, must be taken as

the filing date. People v. Shunick, 2024 IL 129244, ¶ 12 (invoking the prison mailbox rule to

overcome an untimely filed stamp requires adherence to Rule 12(b)(6) proof of service

requirements). Because the amended complaint naming all necessary parties was not filed within

35 days of the court’s order granting Bradford an extension of time to file and serve summons, his

amended complaint was untimely filed. 735 ILCS 5/3-103 (West 2022). As Bradford did not file

the amended complaint naming necessary parties within 35 days of the court’s order granting him

leave to amend, it follows that service of the summons on the Board of Trustees as a newly named

defendant was not executed within the requisite time. The Board of Trustees, a necessary party to

the proceedings, was therefore not properly named and served. Id. § 3-107(a).

¶ 22 Failing to join a necessary party to an administrative proceeding requires dismissal of the

review proceeding. McGaughy v. Illinois Human Rights Comm’n, 165 Ill. 2d 1, 12 (1995). Because

Bradford failed to comply with the filing and service requirements of the administrative review

law, the court properly dismissed his complaint for administrative review pursuant to section 2-

619 of the Code. Gunther, 344 Ill. App. 3d at 914; see Palos Bank & Trust Co., 2015 IL App (1st)

143324, ¶ 19 (failure to timely issue a summons provided grounds for dismissal).

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¶ 23 Bradford contends that he served the University three times, but the record shows no

evidence the Board of Trustees was served prior to March 2023. Bradford also contends that the

Board of Trustees was not a party of record before the Merit Board. As stated, however, the Board

of Trustees was his employer and a necessary party of record to this action. Bradford further

contends that his mistake in naming the Board of Trustees as “the University of Illinois at Chicago”

was a “misnomer” and the circuit court had the power to correct the misnomer. This argument fails

for several reasons, including forfeiture because Bradford did not raise any such contention before

the circuit court. See Gunnison Commons, LLC v. Alvarez, 2024 IL App (1st) 232176, ¶ 23

(“arguments not raised in the circuit court are forfeited and cannot be raised for the first time on

appeal”). Forfeiture aside, in cases where a misnomer occurs, the court will not dismiss an action

where the parties have been correctly joined and served but misnamed. 735 ILCS 5/2-401 (West

2022); Campos v. Campos, 342 Ill. App. 3d 1053, 1067-68 (2003). Here, Bradford failed to

properly join and serve the Board of Trustees, even under an incorrect name. In sum, Bradford’s

failure to adhere to the filing and service requirements necessitated dismissal of his action seeking

administrative review and precludes judicial review of the underlying administrative decision on

the merits. 735 ILCS 5/3-102 (West 2022); Gunther, 344 Ill. App. 3d at 914.

¶ 24 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.

¶ 25 Affirmed.

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