Brackney v. Combustion Engineering, Inc.

674 F.2d 812
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedApril 15, 1982
DocketNos. 80-3381, 80-3422 and 81-3201
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 674 F.2d 812 (Brackney v. Combustion Engineering, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Brackney v. Combustion Engineering, Inc., 674 F.2d 812 (9th Cir. 1982).

Opinion

KILKENNY, Circuit Judge:

The dispositive issue in this consolidated appeal is whether the Idaho Statute of Limitations bars the claim of the appellants.

FACTS

On January 3, 1961, an accident occurred at the National Reactor Testing Station near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Richard C. Legg, husband of appellant Judith Brackney and father of appellant Michael Brackney, and Richard L. McKinley, husband of appellant Caroline McKinley and father of appellants. Richard D. McKinley, Ann Marie Rowell, and John M. McKinley, were both killed in this accident.

The survivors of Richard Legg filed a wrongful death action on January 17, 1979, shortly before Michael Brackney had reached the age of majority. The survivors of Richard McKinley filed their wrongful death action on March 31, 1980.

On August 7, 1980, the action of the Brackneys was dismissed on motion of the appellees pursuant to F.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). The basis for this dismissal was that their claims were barred by the Idaho Statute of Limitations, Idaho Code 5-219. On December 10, 1980, the complaint of the McKin-leys was dismissed on motion, the court finding that its decision in Brackney disposed of their claims as well. Due to the virtual identity of the two actions, the cases were consolidated for purposes of this appeal.

ISSUES

I. Did the district court err when it dismissed ten John Doe defendants from the Brackneys’ action?

[814]*814II. Did the district court err in holding that the Idaho Statute of Limitations barred the actions of the appellants against the University of Chicago?

III. Regarding Michael Brackney, does the amendment of Idaho Code 5-230 in 1976 limit the tolling period for persons under single or co-existing disabilities to a period of six years? If it does, did this amendment deprive Michael Brackney of his due process rights?

IV. Was the appellee Combustion Engineering, Inc. entitled to raise the Statute of Limitations as a defense?

I.

. M The district court dismissed, without prejudice, ten John Doe defendants from the Brackney complaint, citing this court’s decision in Molnar v. NBC, 231 F.2d 684 (CA9 1956), as dictating the “proper course.” See also, Provience v. Valley Clerks Trust Fund, 509 F.Supp. 388, 392 (ED Cal.1981). Under the particular circumstances of this case, we find no jurisdictional defect and no error on the part of the district court.

II.

The claims of appellants Judith Brackney, Caroline McKinley, Richard D. McKinley, Ann Marie Rowell, and John McKinley against the University of Chicago are clearly barred by the Idaho Statute of Limitations.

III.

Michael Brackney was under a unique disability on the date of accrual of the cause of action for his father’s wrongful death. He had not yet been born. Idaho Code 5-230 tolled the statute of limitations because of this disability. The question now before this court is the length of time the statute of limitations was tolled.

At the time Michael Brackney’s cause of action accrued, Idaho Code 5-230 would have tolled the statute of limitations for the entire period of his minority. However, Idaho Code 5-230 was amended in 1976. It currently reads:

“5-230 Persons under disabilities — Other than for real property.
If a person entitled to bring an action, other than for the recovery of real property, be, at the time the cause of action accrued, either:
1. Within the age of majority; or,
2. Insane; or,
3. Imprisoned on a criminal charge ... the time of such disability is not a part of the time limited for the commencement of the action, provided however, that the time limited for the commencement of an action shall not be tolled for a period of more than six (6) years on account of minority, incompetency, ... [Emphasis added]
This act shall apply retroactively as respects all claims heretofore accrued and also to acts, errors or omissions heretofore or hereafter occurring. Compiler’s notes, Section 2 of S.L.1976, ch. 276. [Emphasis added]
This act shall be in full force and effect on and after September 1, 1976. Compiler’s notes, Section 3 of S.L.1976, ch. 276.” [Emphasis added]

Brackney argues that despite the clear language of retroactivity, the Idaho legislature actually intended that subsequent to September 1, 1976, no action would be tolled for more than six years. In the alternative, he argues that giving this statute retroactive effect would be unconstitutional.

The district court ruled on the first contention:

“Plaintiff’s arguments are based upon ideas of fairness and general policy consideration. Such policy making is within the province of the legislature and not the courts. This Court must defer to the judgment of the legislature.
“The clear wording of the statute exhibits a legislative intent to allow tolling for minority but to limit it to no more than six years. The limit was expressly stated to apply ‘retroactively.’ The only logical interpretation that that language can [815]*815have is that this one rule was to be applied to past cases as well as future cases. “It appears to the court that defendants’ position is well taken and that the unmistakable legislative intent must be given effect. It is more likely than not that I.C. § 5-230 was enacted with the intent to retroactively destroy any stale cause of action which had been lying idle for more than six years.... Michael Brackney had more than fifteen years to file suit under the old minority tolling statute and he had five extra months to file suit after the law was changed and before the new law became effective and extinguished his claim. Brackney sat on his remedy too long and now is barred from suing.”

An appellate court will uphold the determination of a district judge as to the law of the state in which the district court is located unless such determination is clearly wrong. Laguna Hermosa Corp. v. Martin, 643 F.2d 1376, 1380 (CA9 1981). We find that this determination of the district court is not clearly wrong and must be affirmed.

As to Brackney’s due process claim, a facts and circumstances test on this issue was established by the Supreme Court in 1890. In Wheeler v. Jackson, 137 U.S. 245, 11 S.Ct. 76, 34 L.Ed.2d 659 (1890), the Court stated:

“It is the settled doctrine of this court that the [state] legislature may prescribe a limitation for the bringing of suits where none previously existed, as well as shorten the time within which suits to enforce existing causes of action may be commenced, provided, in each case, a reasonable time, taking all the circumstances into consideration, be given by the new law for the commencement of suit before the bar takes effect.” [Emphasis added] 137 U.S. at 255, 11 S.Ct. at 78.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
674 F.2d 812, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/brackney-v-combustion-engineering-inc-ca9-1982.