B&R Produce v. A&H Farms

2014 DNH 116

• Court: District Court, D. New Hampshire
• Decided: May 27, 2014
• Docket: 13-cv-367-JD
• Status: Published

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

B&R Produce Packing Co., Inc. et al.

v. Civil No. 13-cv-367-JD Opinion No. 2014 DNH 116 A & H Farms, Inc. et al.

O R D E R

B & R Produce Packing Company, Inc., Grant Stanton Produce

Company, Inc., Gregg Dziama, Inc., J. Bonafede Company, Inc., S.

Strock & Company, Inc., and State Garden, Inc., who are all

sellers of produce, brought suit to recover amounts owed to them

by A & H Farms, Inc. d/b/a Coll’s Farm, Lori Coll, and Mark Coll.

Following a hearing, default judgment was entered on February 12,

2014, against the defendants on the plaintiffs’ claims. The

defendants now move to strike the default judgment and to reopen

the case. The plaintiffs object.

Background

A & H Farms, Inc. did business as Coll’s Farm and Coll’s

Farm Sugar House in Jaffrey, New Hampshire. Mark and Lori Coll

were principals of A & H Farms and operated Coll’s Farm and

ordered produce from the plaintiffs for Coll’s Farm. In 2012,

the Colls ordered produce from the plaintiffs but did not pay for

the produce supplied to them.

The plaintiffs brought suit on August 14, 2013, alleging

claims for “Goods Sold and Delivered,” breach of contract, violation of the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act

(“PACA”), 7 U.S.C. § 499a. et seq., and violation of the

Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act, Massachusetts General Laws

Annotated (“M.G.L.A.”) ch. 93A, § 11. Mark and Lori Coll and A

& H Farms were properly served. When the defendants failed to

respond within the time allowed under Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 12, default was entered against Mark and Lori Coll on

October 17, 2013, and against A & H Farms on October 28, 2013.

Notice of the entry of default was sent to the defendants.

The plaintiffs moved for default judgment on December 16,

2013. A hearing was scheduled on the motion for January 16,

2014, and notice of the hearing was sent by mail to the

defendants at their last known address. The notices were

returned because no mail receptacle was found at that address.

The hearing was held on January 16, 2014, as scheduled. The

defendants did not attend. The plaintiffs testified and

presented documentary evidence to support their claims and the

damages they sought. The court granted the motion for default

judgment in favor of the plaintiffs on February 11, 2014, and

default judgment was entered on February 12, 2014.

On February 18, 2014, the clerk’s office received a letter

from Mark Coll, dated February 15, 2014, in which he stated that

he and his wife, Lori Coll, were unaware of the hearing held on

January 16, 2014. He further stated that the bank had foreclosed

on Coll’s Farm and taken the Farm’s remaining assets and that “A

& H Farms which was also a corporation [was] put into resolution

2 effective December 31, 2013.” He also represented that he and

Lori understood that they were not personally liable for the

debts of A & H Farms.

In response, the Chief Deputy Clerk explained that to the

extent Mark Coll was seeking relief from the court, he would have

to file a petition or motion seeking that relief and that his

letter would not be presented to a judge for ruling. The Chief

Deputy Clerk enclosed a copy of the default judgment order.

On March 11, 2014, Lori Coll filed a motion to vacate the

default judgment, purporting to represent both herself and Mark

Coll. The court issued a procedural order on March 18, 2014,

explaining that to participate in the case, Lori Coll would have

to have an attorney enter an appearance on her behalf or file an

appearance pro se and that she could not represent Mark Coll or A

& H Farms. The court further explained that if Mark Coll

intended to participate in the case he would have to have an

attorney file an appearance on his behalf or file an appearance

pro se. Because A & H Farms could not participate pro se, an

attorney would have to file an appearance on its behalf.

Peter S. Wright, Jr., Esq. filed an appearance on behalf of

A & H Farms and Lori and Mark Coll on April 4, 2014. Wright

filed a motion to strike the default judgment the same day.

Standard of Review The court may set aside a default judgment as provided by

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b). Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(c).

3 Under Rule 60(b), the court may relieve a party from a final

judgment because of “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or

excusable neglect;” “newly discovered evidence;” “fraud (whether

previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or

misconduct by an opposing party;” “the judgment is void;” “the

judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged;” or “any

other reason that justifies relief.”

For purposes of a motion to set aside a default judgment, in

this circuit, the court must also “balanc[e] the importance of

finality in litigation against the desirability of deciding cases

on the merits.” Ungar v. Palestine Liberation Org., 599 F.3d 79,

83 (1st Cir. 2010). “A variety of factors can help an inquiring

court to strike the requisite balance,” including “the timing of

the request for relief, the extent of any prejudice to the

opposing party, the existence or non-existence of meritorious

claims [or] defenses, and the presence or absence of exceptional

circumstances.” Id. The extraordinary remedy of vacating a

default judgment must be justified based on an appraisal of all

of the circumstances. Id. at 84. In the circumstance of willful

default, the defaulting party must show exceptional circumstances

that would warrant relief from judgment. Id. at 85-87.

Discussion

In support of their motion to vacate the default judgment,

the defendants state, supported by their affidavit, that they

defaulted in this case because they lacked funds to hire an

4 attorney and believed that they were not personally liable for

the claims against A & H Farms. They also believed that they

were judgment proof. They did not seek legal advice until the

plaintiffs sought an attachment on the Colls’ home. The

defendants contend that they have meritorious defenses to the

PACA claim because A & H Farms’ purchases in 2012 were below the

threshold amount that would require a PACA license and because

their suppliers regularly extended the payment term beyond ten

days.

The plaintiffs assert in their objection that the

defendants’ default was not the result of mistake, inadvertence,

surprise, or excusable neglect because they chose to default.

The plaintiffs also note that the complaint put the defendants on

notice that the Colls could be found personally liable for the

PACA and Chapter 93A claims asserted in this case. They assert

that they would be prejudiced by setting aside the judgment

because of the additional litigation expenses they would incur

and because of the delay in receiving payment.

With respect to the defendants’ defenses, the plaintiffs

note that the defendants failed to address the Chapter 93A claim.

Therefore, even if the defendants had a meritorious defense to

the PACA claim, they would be liable for the damages assessed

under the Chapter 93A claim, as found in the default judgment.

In addition, the plaintiffs dispute the merits of the

defendants’ asserted defenses to the PACA claim. The plaintiffs

correctly note that the defendants did not provide sufficient

5 evidence to show that A & H Farms was not required to have a PACA

license in 2012 based on the volume of its purchases. See 7

U.S.C. § 499c(a); 7 U.S.C. § 499a(b)(6); 7 C.F.R. § 46.3; Lerman

v. Rock City Bar & Grille, Inc., 2010 WL 319725, at *4 (N.D. Ohio

Jan. 20, 2010).

Further, and more importantly, although the defendants deny

that A & H Farms had a PACA license, the plaintiffs provided

evidence from the United States Department of Agriculture that A

& H Farms held an active PACA license that was first issued in

1999 and had an anniversary date of October 26, 2014. The

principals of A & H Farms are listed as Mark and Lori Coll. The

defendants have not responded to the plaintiffs’ evidence of the

PACA license. Therefore, the record establishes that A & H Farms

had a PACA license during the time when the defendants ordered

produce from the plaintiffs and failed to pay for the produce

supplied.

The defendants also assert that PACA does not apply because

“their suppliers frequently extended the time of payment well

beyond the 10 days required in the act and regulations.” Under

PACA, ten days is the default time for payment. 7 C.F.R. §

46.2(aa)(5). If parties choose to change the time for payment,

the agreed terms must be in writing to be enforceable under PACA.

7 C.F.R. § 46.2(aa)(11). The maximum agreed written term for

payment is thirty days, 7 C.F.R. § 46.46(e)(2), and a term longer

than thirty days will nullify rights to the PACA trust, Patterson Frozen Foods, Inc. v. Crown Foods Int’l, Inc., 307 F.3d 666, 669

6 (7th Cir. 2002); Hiller Cranberry Prods., Inc. v. Koplovsky, 165

F.3d 1, 5 (1st Cir. 1999). Any term for payment that is not

written does not affect the PACA trust. Patterson, 307 F.3d at

669; Idahoan Fresh v. Advantage Produce, Inc., 157 F.3d 197, 204

(3d Cir. 1998).

In this case, the plaintiffs did not agree in writing to any

payment period longer than thirty days. Whether the plaintiffs

or other suppliers orally agreed to allow longer periods does not

affect the plaintiffs’ rights to the PACA trust in this case.

Therefore, the defendants have not shown a meritorious defense to

the PACA claim based on an extension of the payment period.

Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, the defendants’ motions to strike

the default judgment (documents nos. 28 and 33) are denied.

SO ORDERED.

____________________________ Joseph A. DiClerico, Jr. United States District Judge

May 27, 2014

cc: Marc W. McDonald, Esq. Peter S. Wright, Jr., Esq.