Bowen v. Gardner ex rel. Gardner

168 S.E.2d 47, 275 N.C. 363, 1969 N.C. LEXIS 406
CourtSupreme Court of North Carolina
DecidedJune 18, 1969
DocketNo. 35
StatusPublished

This text of 168 S.E.2d 47 (Bowen v. Gardner ex rel. Gardner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bowen v. Gardner ex rel. Gardner, 168 S.E.2d 47, 275 N.C. 363, 1969 N.C. LEXIS 406 (N.C. 1969).

Opinion

HusKins, J.

Did the Court of Appeals err in sustaining the judgment of non-suit? The answer lies in application of established rules governing motions for nonsuit. These rules may be enumerated as follows:

1. All the evidence which tends to support plaintiff’s claim must be taken as true and considered in its light most favorable to plaintiff, giving her the benefit of every reasonable inference which [366]*366legitimately may be drawn therefrom. Homes, Inc. v. Bryson, 273 N.C. 84, 159 S.E. 2d 329.

2. . Contradictions, conflicts and inconsistencies are resolved in plaintiff’s favor. Watt v. Crews, 261 N.C. 143, 134 S.E. 2d 199; Nixon v. Nixon, 260 N.C. 251, 132 S.E. 2d 590; Smith v. Corsat, 260 N.C. 92, 131 S.E. 2d 894.

3. Defendants’ evidence which contradicts that of the plaintiff, or tends to show a different state of facts is disregarded. Bundy v. Powell, 229 N.C. 707, 51 S.E. 2d 307; R. R. v. Woltz, 264 N.C. 58, 140 S.E. 2d 738; Eason v. Grimsley, 255 N.C. 494, 121 S.E. 2d 885. Only that part of it which is favorable to plaintiff can be considered. Rosser v. Smith, 260 N.C. 647, 133 S.E. 2d 499; Wall v. Bain, 222 N.C. 375, 23 S.E. 2d 330.

4. Acts of contributory negligence not alleged in the answer should be ignored. Maynor v. Pressley, 256 N.C. 483, 124 S.E. 2d 162; Rodgers v. Thompson, 256 N.C. 265, 123 S.E. 2d 785; Skinner v. Jernigan, 250 N.C. 657, 110 S.E. 2d 301.

5. When opposing inferences are permissible from plaintiff’s evidence, nonsuit on the basis of contributory negligence as a matter of law should be denied. Atwood v. Holland, 267 N.C. 722, 148 S.E. 2d 851. See 6 N.C. Index 2d, Negligence, Sec. 35.

Plaintiff’s evidence in its light most favorable to her, when subjected to these rules, would permit a jury to find the following facts:

In the City of Wilson, Downing Street runs north and south while Jordan Street runs east and west. Downing Street is thirty-two feet wide with a paved sidewalk on each side. Jordan Street is approximately the same width but has no paved sidewalks. These two streets intersect at right angles. The intersection is well lighted by a large overhead street lamp but has no traffic control signal. A view of the intersection looking north and south along Downing Street is unobstructed for 300 to 400 feet. Plaintiff, a 72-year-old woman, lived with Mrs. Etta Tyson whose home was located in the southeast corner of said intersection. On 15 November 1966 about 7:50 p.m., immediately before plaintiff’s injury, several ladies had met at Mrs. Tyson’s house to go from there to a Sunday school class meeting. Plaintiff intended to go with them. One of the class members drove her car by Mrs. Tyson’s house to pick them up. The car stopped close to the curb beside the Tyson house and on the left side of Jordan Street facing Downing Street. When the car was loaded, there was no room for plaintiff, and she decided to go across Downing [367]*367Street and stay with her friend Mrs. Morey, whose house was on the southwest corner of the intersection, until Mrs. Tyson returned. At that time she was standing in a grassy area (where a sidewalk would have been had there been one) on the south side of Jordan Street. When she left her friends in the car, she was on “what you would call the sidewalk going to the corner.” Before stepping off the curb at the corner, she looked both ways to see if the way was clear. She didn’t see anything and started walking straight across Downing Street. Meanwhile, defendant Danny Clifton Gardner had stopped at a filling station a block away. He left there on his motorcycle riding south on Downing Street and had accelerated his speed to 30 miles per hour. There was no other traffic and the street was straight, level and dry. The weather was clear and cold. His headlight was on low beam and would render clearly visible a person ahead of him for a distance of about 100 feet. He failed to see plaintiff until he was within 20 feet of her. At that time she was in the center of Downing Street walking rapidly toward its western curb and sidewalk. He cut his motorcycle to his right and struck plaintiff when she was 6 or 8 feet from the western curb. She suffered a cerebral concussion, a broken leg and other permanent injuries. She was delirious and disoriented for several weeks and continues to incur large medical bills.

Evidence unfavorable to plaintiff tended to show she was running across Downing Street at an angle and that the collision occurred at a point 60 feet south of the intersection and 7 or 8 feet from the west curb. This evidence is contained in the adverse examination of Danny Gardner which was offered by plaintiff. On motion to nonsuit, however, this testimony is ignored.

The Court of Appeals held the evidence sufficient to support a finding of actionable negligence on the part of Danny Gardner, and we concur. Even in the absence of statutory requirements, “[I]t-is a general rule of law that the operator of a motor vehicle must exercise ordinary care, that is, that degree of care which an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. And in the exercise of such duty it is incumbent upon the operator of a motor vehicle to keep same under control, and to keep a reasonably careful lookout, so as to avoid collision with persons and vehicles upon the highway. This duty also requires that the operator must be reasonably vigilant, and that he must anticipate and expect the presence of others.” Adams v. Service Co., 237 N.C. 136, 141, 74 S.E. 2d 332, 336. It is the duty of a driver not merely to look but to keep a lookout in the direction of travel; “and he is held to the duty of seeing what he ought to have seen.” Wall v. Bain, 222 N.C. 375, 379, 23 S.E. 2d 330, 333. Such duty requires increased vigilance when [368]*368the danger is increased by darkness or other conditions obscuring his view. Chesson v. Teer Co., 236 N.C. 203, 72 S.E. 2d 407; Bradham v. Trucking Co., 243 N.C. 708, 91 S.E. 2d 891.

Manifestly, defendant Danny Gardner’s alleged failure to keep a proper lookout is supported by evidence sufficient to go to the jury on the negligence issue. We put aside further discussion of the evidence bearing on his negligence.

The Court of Appeals sustained a judgment of nonsuit on the premise that plaintiff was contributorily negligent as a matter of law. Nonsuit on that ground is proper only if plaintiff’s evidence, considered in the light most favorable to her, so clearly establishes her own negligence as one of the proximate causes of her injury that no other reasonable inference may be drawn therefrom. Anderson v. Carter, 272 N.C. 426, 158 S.E. 2d 607; Black v. Wilkinson, 269 N.C. 689, 153 S.E. 2d 333; Raper v. Byrum, 265 N.C. 269, 144 S.E. 2d 38; Pruett v. Inman, 252 N.C. 520, 114 S.E. 2d 360. Let us look at the evidence. In the light most favorable to plaintiff it tends to show that she looked both ways before leaving the curb; that she kept looking as she was crossing; that she started straight across the street from the corner; that the motorcycle was moving at 30 miles per hour or 44 feet per second; that she was struck after walking 24 to 26 feet and before she ever saw it. The evidence fails to show where the motorcycle was when she left the curb. It would have traveled over 300 feet in 7 seconds. How long it took her to walk 26 feet is unknown.

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Bluebook (online)
168 S.E.2d 47, 275 N.C. 363, 1969 N.C. LEXIS 406, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bowen-v-gardner-ex-rel-gardner-nc-1969.