Botten v. Melamed

2026 IL App (1st) 251201-U

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: February 19, 2026
• Docket: 1-25-1201
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

2026 IL App (1st) 251201-U

FOURTH DIVISION Order filed: February 19, 2026

No. 1-25-1201

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________

ROBERT CHARLES BOTTEN, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County. ) v. ) No. 24 M1 123665 ) MITCHELL JAY MELAMED, ) Honorable ) Michael James Zink, Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, presiding.

JUSTICE QUISH delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Navarro and Justice Lyle concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶1 Held: Circuit court’s order granting defendant’s motion for a directed verdict and entering judgment in favor of defendant is affirmed, as the appellant did not provide a report of proceedings or an acceptable substitute to allow review of appellant’s claims of error.

¶2 Plaintiff Robert Charles Botten (“Botten”), pro se, appeals from the order of the circuit

court of Cook County granting the motion for a directed verdict filed by defendant Mitchell Jay

Melamed (“Melamed”) and entering judgment in favor of Melamed. For the following reasons,

we affirm. No. 1-25-1201

¶3 The record on appeal consists of a single volume of the common law record, with no report

of proceedings. The following background is derived from that record.

¶4 Botten filed a pro se complaint against Melamed, an attorney, alleging a violation of the

False Claims Act, 740 ILCS 175/3 (West 2024). The complaint related to Melamed’s alleged

misconduct in relation to his legal representation of Botten. Attached to the complaint were

documents which provide background of Melamed’s representation of Botten.

¶5 In September 2023, the Illinois State Bar Association referred Botten to Melamed for

purposes of probate and estate planning. Shortly afterwards, Botten wrote a letter to Melamed

asking for assistance in drafting a will. Melamed responded by acknowledging receipt of Botten’s

letter and asking for additional information. Melamed’s response also provided the terms of his

representation, which stated that the fee for preparing the will was $2,500 and that any payment

was due within 30 days after a billing statement was received. Botten wrote back sending some of

the requested information and a check in the amount of $2,500 for Melamed’s fee. Botten also

requested an “extension” to send the remaining information, which he apparently believed was

due within 30 days. Melamed never responded. Botten sent the remaining information and wrote

letters to Melamed asking for an update in January and February of 2024, but Melamed did not

respond.

¶6 In February 2024, Botten filed a complaint about Melamed with the Illinois Attorney

Registration and Disciplinary Commission (“ARDC”), which was dismissed.

¶7 In March 2024, Melamed sent a letter to Botten terminating the attorney-client relationship

and advising Botten to contact other counsel to assist with drafting a will. Melamed also returned

the check that Botten had sent to pay Melamed’s fee.

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¶8 The matter was set for trial in May 2025. Prior to trial, Melamed filed a motion in limine

to bar any evidence of the ARDC inquiry under Supreme Court Rule 766. There is no order in the

record showing a ruling on the motion. The matter apparently proceeded to trial as scheduled,

although there is no record of any testimony taken at trial. During trial, Melamed filed a motion

for a directed verdict, arguing that Botten lacked standing to sue under the False Claims Act since

he was not a state actor and was not acting as an agent of the state, and to the extent to which

Botten alleged a legal malpractice claim, he failed to support that claim with expert testimony to

establish that Melamed breached the applicable standard of care for an attorney and failed to

provide evidence of any damages suffered as a result of any alleged malpractice. The circuit court

granted the motion and entered judgment in favor of Melamed. This appeal follows.

¶9 On appeal, Botten raises several arguments in his brief which overlap each other.

Generally, he argues that the circuit court erred by (1) granting Melamed’s motion for a directed

verdict; and (2) granting Melamed’s motion in limine to bar evidence of the ARDC inquiry.

¶ 10 Initially, we address two issues with the record on appeal. First is the parties’ attempts to

supplement the record. Both parties filed motions to supplement the record on appeal, and attached

proposed supplemental records to their motions. Both motions were granted, and the parties were

instructed to file their supplement to the record. Neither party did so. As no supplemental record

was filed, we cannot consider the proposed supplements attached to the parties’ motions. See Ill.

Sup. Ct. R. 329 (eff. Jul. 1, 2017) (certified supplement to the record “shall be filed in the reviewing

court upon order issued pursuant to motion.”).

¶ 11 Second and more crucial to our review, while the issues raised in this appeal relate to the

circuit court’s rulings on Melamed’s motion in limine and motion for a directed verdict at trial, we

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have no report of proceedings or other substitute under Supreme Court Rule 323. Ill. Sup. Ct. R.

323 (eff. Jul. 1, 2017). “[A]n appellant has the burden to present a sufficiently complete record of

the proceedings at trial to support a claim of error, and in the absence of such a record on appeal,

it will be presumed that the order entered by the trial court was in conformity with law and had a

sufficient factual basis.” Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92 (1984). “Any doubts which

may arise from the incompleteness of the record will be resolved against the appellant.” Id.

¶ 12 As we have no report of proceedings, we have no record of what testimony or evidence

was presented at trial in support of Botten’s claim, and we cannot evaluate his argument that the

circuit court erred by granting Melamed’s motion for a directed verdict. Therefore, we must

presume that the circuit court did not err in granting Melamed’s motion for a directed verdict. Id.;

Hye Ra Han v. Holloway, 408 Ill. App. 3d 387, 391 (2011).

¶ 13 The lack of a report of proceedings also prevents our review of Botten’s claim that the

circuit court erred by granting Melamed’s motion in limine. While the parties appear to agree that

the motion in limine was granted, we cannot make that presumption without a proper record.

Coombs v. Wisconsin National Life Insurance Co., 111 Ill. App. 3d 745, 746 (1982) (“[A]ssertions

in an appellate brief cannot serve as a substitute for a proper record.”). Without a transcript or

record of any proceedings on Melamed’s motion in limine or an order ruling on the motion, we

cannot review whether the circuit court’s ruling was an abuse of discretion. See Swick v. Liautaud,

169 Ill. 2d 504, 521 (1996) (order granting motion in limine is reviewed for an abuse of discretion).

Therefore, we cannot find that any error occurred. See Bridges v. City of Chicago, 2023 IL App

(1st) 220270-U, ¶ 16 (“[I]n light of the deferential standard of review applicable to motions in

limine and given the fact that we do not have a record of the trial court’s reasons for granting the

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City’s motion in limine, we have no basis to find that the court’s ruling was arbitrary or

unreasonable.”).

¶ 14 Even if we considered the documents that each party attached to their motions to

supplement the record, it would not change our analysis. Neither proposed supplement includes a

report of proceedings or an acceptable substitute under Rule 323 or any order granting or denying

Melamed’s motion in limine.

¶ 15 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the circuit court.

¶ 16 Affirmed.

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