Boston Towing & Transportation Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue

757 N.E.2d 243, 52 Mass. App. Ct. 803, 2001 Mass. App. LEXIS 964
CourtMassachusetts Appeals Court
DecidedOctober 12, 2001
DocketNo. 98-P-1297
StatusPublished

This text of 757 N.E.2d 243 (Boston Towing & Transportation Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Appeals Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Boston Towing & Transportation Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue, 757 N.E.2d 243, 52 Mass. App. Ct. 803, 2001 Mass. App. LEXIS 964 (Mass. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

Rapoza, J.

The taxpayers, Boston Towing and Transportation Co. (Boston Towing) and Crosby Tow Boat, Inc. (Crosby), appeal from decisions of the Appellate Tax Board (board) upholding the Commissioner of Revenue’s (commissioner’s) imposition of excise taxes for use of their boats in the Commonwealth. The taxpayers argue that their boats come within the exemption from sales and use tax for “casual and isolated sales” set forth in G. L. c. 64H, § 6(c), and G. L. c. 641, § 1(b); that the use tax was not applicable to those boats that were purchased in Massachusetts; and that imposition of the tax violates the equal protection clause of the Federal and State Constitutions and the commerce clause of the Federal Constitution. We affirm.

1. Facts. Boston Towing, a Massachusetts corporation with its principal place of business in East Boston, tows tankers, barges, and other seagoing vessels engaged in interstate commerce. In 1984 and 1985, Boston Towing purchased a barge in New Jersey and a tugboat in Virginia. Both boats entered Massachusetts coastal waters within two months of their purchase.2 Five other tugboats were purchased in Boston. All seven boats were based at Boston Towing’s East Boston facility and spent a portion of their time in Massachusetts coastal waters.

After conducting a tax audit, the Department of Revenue (department) issued a notice of intent to assess a “sales/use” tax on Boston Towing for its use of all these vessels and for purchases of supplies and fuel made between April, 1984, and [805]*805March, 1987. Boston Towing unsuccessfully challenged the notice of intent to assess in the department’s appeal and review bureau, paid the assessed tax, and filed an application for abatement. The commissioner granted the application for abatement of assessed late penalties and denied the remainder of the application. Boston Towing appealed to the board in December, 1992.

Crosby, a Massachusetts corporation with a principal place of business in Barnstable, assists barges through the Cape Cod Canal and does miscellaneous offshore salvage and towing work. Crosby purchased seven tugboats for its business in the fall of 1985 and spring of 1986. Two were purchased in New York and entered Massachusetts coastal waters within six months of their purchase. The other five were purchased in Massachusetts. Crosby has used all these vessels for shipdock-ing and towing operations in Massachusetts coastal waters since the date of their purchase.

Following a tax audit, the department issued a notice of intent to assess a “sales/use” tax on Crosby for the purchase of these vessels, fuel, and supplies. After challenging the notice of intent to assess in the department’s appeal and review bureau, Crosby was assessed tax for the purchase of the vessels, but not for the fuel and supplies used in interstate commerce. Crosby paid the tax and applied for abatements, which were denied. Crosby appealed to the board on July 17, 1989. The board consolidated Boston Towing’s and Crosby’s appeals, and upheld the commissioner’s decisions.

“We do not disturb a decision of the board unless it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based on an error of law. . . . The taxpayer has the burden of proving as a matter of law its right to an abatement of the tax.” M & T Charters, Inc. v. Commissioner of Rev., 404 Mass. 137, 140 (1989).

2. Statutory claims.

a. The “casual sale” exemption. The taxpayers argue that, contrary to the ruling of the board, they are entitled to the exemptions from the complementary sales and use taxes set forth in G. L. c. 64H, § 6(c), and G. L. c. 641, § 7(b), respectively. The first statute exempts casual and isolated sales from the sales tax, but includes a proviso preserving the taxabil[806]*806ity of such sales of certain motor vehicles or trailers, boats and airplanes under the use tax statute.3 The use tax exemption, in turn, reiterates the proviso of the sales tax exemption as to motor vehicles, trailers, boats and airplanes, and applies the use tax to those purchases unless the buyer is closely related to the seller.4 The commissioner found that the purchases of the boats at issue here were casual and isolated sales for the purpose of the sales tax exemption, but that the use tax was applicable.

The taxpayers argue that neither the sales nor use tax is applicable to their vessels because they are not “boats” within the meaning of the statutes. They contend that the Legislature intended the statutory term “boat” to refer only to noncommercial vessels. They rest their argument primarily on the absence of a definition of the word “boat” in the General Laws, and the fact that the terms “vessel” and “ship” are used in various statutes to refer to commercial watercraft. The board rejected this contention.

Absent a statutory definition of a term, “we first look to the usual and accepted meaning of that word. We derive such meaning ‘from sources presumably known to the statute’s enactors, such as their use in other legal contexts and dictionary definitions.’ ” Commonwealth v. Davie, 46 Mass. App. Ct. 25, 28 (1998), quoting from Commonwealth v. Zone Book, Inc., 372 Mass. 366, 369 (1977).

Two relevant definitions of “boat” appeared in Webster’s [807]*807Third Inti. Dictionary (1961): (1) “a small vessel with or without a deck propelled by oars or paddles or by sail or power”; and (2) “ship.” Neither definition limits the term “boat” to noncommercial vessels.5 Further, the term “boat” appears in the General Laws referring specifically to commercial watercraft6 and to watercraft collectively.7

Nothing in the provisos in G. L. c. 64H, § 6(c), or c. 641, § 7(6), supports the taxpayers’ assertion that the Legislature intended to exclude commercial vehicles. By their terms the statutes apply to broad categories of vehicles: motor vehicles and trailers as defined in G. L. c. 90, and boats and airplanes. The definitions of “motor vehicles” and “trailer” in G. L. c. 90, § 1, include both commercial and noncommercial vehicles; the term “airplane” indicates no intent to distinguish between commercial and noncommercial aircraft. Moreover, the words “boat” and “airplane” are preceded by the adjective “any” in the proviso appearing in the use tax statute, see note 4, supra, indicating that each of those terms applies to an entire class of vehicles.

We agree with the board that the statute does not distinguish between commercial and noncommercial watercraft and that the taxpayers have not demonstrated “that for purposes of this exemption the Legislature intended to make such a distinction and neglected to say so.”

b. Assessment of use tax for boats purchased in Massachusetts. The taxpayers contend that, with regard to the [808]*808boats purchased in Massachusetts, the commissioner improperly imposed a use tax rather than a sales tax. This contention has no merit.

The use tax is applicable to the boats purchased in Massachusetts because their purchase was followed by their use in Massachusetts. The use tax is “an excise . . . imposed upon the storage, use or other consumption in the commonwealth of tangible personal property or services purchased from any vendor

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Boston Tow Boat Co. v. State Tax Commission
319 N.E.2d 908 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1974)
M & T CHARTERS, INC. v. Commissioner of Revenue
533 N.E.2d 1359 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
Seiler Corp. v. Commissioner of Revenue
429 N.E.2d 11 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1981)
Commonwealth v. Zone Book, Inc.
361 N.E.2d 1239 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1977)
Perini Corp v. Commissioner of Revenue
419 Mass. 763 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1995)
New York Times Co. v. Commissioner of Revenue
693 N.E.2d 682 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1998)
Commonwealth v. Davie
703 N.E.2d 236 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1998)
Adams v. Perini Corp.
516 U.S. 822 (Supreme Court, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
757 N.E.2d 243, 52 Mass. App. Ct. 803, 2001 Mass. App. LEXIS 964, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/boston-towing-transportation-co-v-commissioner-of-revenue-massappct-2001.