Borders v. Commissioner

1986 T.C. Memo. 466, 52 T.C.M. 617, 1986 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 148
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedSeptember 22, 1986
DocketDocket No. 30220-83.
StatusUnpublished

This text of 1986 T.C. Memo. 466 (Borders v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Borders v. Commissioner, 1986 T.C. Memo. 466, 52 T.C.M. 617, 1986 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 148 (tax 1986).

Opinion

RANDALL HARRISON BORDERS, Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent
Borders v. Commissioner
Docket No. 30220-83.
United States Tax Court
T.C. Memo 1986-466; 1986 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 148; 52 T.C.M. (CCH) 617; T.C.M. (RIA) 86466;
September 22, 1986
Randall Harrison Borders, pro se.
Mary Jansing, for the respondent.

WRIGHT

MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION

WRIGHT, Judge: Respondent determined a deficiency in petitioner's Federal income tax for taxable year 1981 in the amount of*150 $10,164 and additions to tax of $2,450 under section 6651(a); 1 $508.20 plus 50 percent of the interest due on an underpayment of $10,164 under section 6653(a)(1) and (2), respectively; and $744.01 under section 6654(a). Respondent also filed a motion for award of damages under section 6673 when this case was called for trial.

The issues for decision are: (1) whether petitioner received income in the amount of $36,154 during taxable year 1981 which should be included in his taxable income under section 61(a); (2) whether petitioner is liable for the addition to tax for failure to file a Federal income tax return under section 6651(a)(1); (3) whether petitioner is liable for the additions to tax due to negligence under section 6653(a)(1) and (2); (4) whether petitioner is liable for the addition to tax for the underpayment of estimated tax under section 6654(a); and (5) whether damages should be awarded to the United States under section 6673.

*151 FINDINGS OF FACT

At the time the petition in this case was filed, petitioner resided in Modesto, California. Petitioner did not file a Federal income tax return for taxable year 1981. He filed Forms W-4 with his employer during that year on which he claimed to be exempt from taxation. Petitioner did file Federal income tax returns for 1979 and 1980.

A substitute return was prepared for petitioner by the Internal Revenue Service from Forms 1099 and W-2 submitted to the Internal Revenue Service from petitioner's banking institutions and employers for taxable year 1981. The sum of these amounts was $36,154. On August 1, 1983, respondent issued a statutory notice of deficiency to petitioner in which he determined that petitioner was liable for Federal income tax on this amount, together with additions to tax for failure to file, negligence, and underpayment of estimated tax.

OPINION

Respondent's determinations are presumptively correct; petitioner bears the burden of proving that he is not liable for the deficiencies determined in the statutory notice. Welch v. Helvering,290 U.S. 111 (1933); Rule 142(a).

The petition which was filed in the instant case*152 did not contain clear and concise assignments of error and clear and concise statements of fact on which petitioner based assignments of error. See Rule 34(b)(4) and (5). At trial, petitioner's principal argument was that the compensation he received for his services was not paid on the basis of a percentage of profits, and consequently that respondent erred in determining that it was taxable income to him under section 61. In support of this position, petitioner cited section 1.61-2(a), Income Tax Regs. This section provides, in pertinent part:

Wages, salaries, commissions paid to salesmen, compensation for services on the basis of a percentage of profits, commissions on insurance premiums, tips, bonuses (including Christmas bonuses), termination or severence pay, rewards, jury fees, marriage fees and other contributions received by a clergyman for services, pay of persons in the military or naval forces of the United States, retirement pay of employees, pensions, and retirement allowances are income to the recipients unless excluded by law. * * *

Petitioner's position is that because the compensation he received was not based on a percentage of profits, it is not income to*153 him within the meaning of section 1.61-2(a), Income Tax Regs. Petitioner fails to note, however, that this section is written in the conjunctive rather than the disjunctive, and therefore the hourly wages which he received as reported to the Internal Revenue Service by his employers on Forms W-2, as well as the interest income reported by various banking institutions on Forms 1099 and the unemployment income received by petitioner in the year in issue constitute income within the meaning of section 61 and section 1.61-2(a), Income Tax Regs.

Petitioner further alleges that respondent erred in referring to him in the notice of deficiency as a "taxpayer." Petitioner bases this allegation on his claim that he paid no taxes during taxable year 1981 and that he does not have a taxpayer identification number. A taxpayer is defined as any person subject to any Internal Revenue tax. Sec. 7701(a)(14). During the year in issue, petitioner had income in excess of the required amount plus the zero bracket amount and was therefore subject to Federal income tax. Sec. 1. Despite his failure to pay tax that year, he fits within the definition of the term taxpayer in the Internal Revenue Code.

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Related

Welch v. Helvering
290 U.S. 111 (Supreme Court, 1933)
Ruben v. Commissioner
33 T.C. 1071 (U.S. Tax Court, 1960)
Reiff v. Commissioner
77 T.C. 1169 (U.S. Tax Court, 1981)
Abrams v. Commissioner
82 T.C. No. 29 (U.S. Tax Court, 1984)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
1986 T.C. Memo. 466, 52 T.C.M. 617, 1986 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 148, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/borders-v-commissioner-tax-1986.