Bobby Gene Blue, Applicant-Appellant v. State of Iowa

• Court: Court of Appeals of Iowa
• Decided: September 13, 2017
• Docket: 16-2201
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-2201 Filed September 13, 2017

BOBBY GENE BLUE, Applicant-Appellant,

vs.

STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Marshall County, John J. Haney,

Judge.

The applicant appeals from the district court’s denial of his application for

postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.

Darrell G. Meyer, Marshalltown, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Thomas E. Bakke, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Potterfield and Mullins, JJ. 2

POTTERFIELD, Judge.

Bobby Blue appeals from the district court’s denial of his application for

postconviction relief (PCR). Blue was originally charged with sexual abuse in the

second degree, lascivious acts with a child, and indecent contact with a child. If

convicted of sexual abuse in the second degree, Blue faced a twenty-five-year

prison sentence with a mandatory minimum of seventy percent. He reached a

plea agreement with the State whereby he pled guilty to sexual abuse in the third

degree and lascivious acts with a child and he received a fifteen-year sentence

without a mandatory minimum.

Blue did not file a motion in arrest of judgment before sentencing, and he

did not file an appeal.

Blue challenged his guilty plea for the first time in his application for PCR.

He claimed his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to suppress

inculpatory statements Blue made to the police. Blue asserted he would not

have entered into a plea agreement with the State and instead would have

insisted on going to trial if counsel had alerted him that his incriminating

statements may not have been admissible at that trial. Blue makes the same

claim on appeal, arguing the PCR court decided the issue wrongly.

Although we generally review the denial of an application for PCR for

correction of errors at law, when there is an alleged denial of constitutional rights,

we make our evaluation of the totality of the circumstances in a de novo review.

See Everett v. State, 789 N.W.2d 151, 155 (Iowa 2010). To succeed on his

claim of ineffective assistance, Blue has the burden to establish “(1) counsel

failed to perform an essential duty; and (2) prejudice resulted.” Id. at 158 3

(quoting State v. Maxwell, 743 N.W.2d 185, 195 (Iowa 2008)). In the context of a

guilty plea, an applicant for PCR must prove a reasonable probability that, but for

counsel’s alleged errors, he would not have pled guilty and would have insisted

on going to trial. State v. Carroll, 767 N.W.2d 638, 641 (Iowa 2009).

Additionally, “[a] defendant’s guilty plea is not necessarily rendered involuntary

merely because it follows his defense counsel’s mistaken assessment of the

admissibility of the State’s evidence.” Id. Blue “can, however, challenge the

validity of his guilty plea by proving the advice he received from counsel in

connection with the plea was not within the range of competence demanded of

attorneys in criminal cases.” See id. at 642. Here, we consider whether trial

counsel breached a duty in not filing a motion to suppress Blue’s confession to a

police officer and whether Blue suffered prejudice as a result. See id. at 644.

Blue’s claim fails if is he unable to establish either element, and in such a

situation, we need not consider both. See Kirchner v. State, 756 N.W.2d 202,

204 (Iowa 2008) (“The court need not address both components if the [applicant]

makes an insufficient showing on one of the prongs.” (alteration in original)). But

here, we specifically find that Blue has failed in both regards.

If we accepted Blue’s testimony about the police interview as true, we may

find that a motion to suppress Blue’s confession was likely to succeed and

should have been pursued. But Blue’s testimony regarding what happened

during the police interview was at odds with his trial counsel’s testimony, and the

PCR court specifically found the attorney’s statements more credible. See State

v. Tague, 676 N.W.2d 197, 201 (Iowa 2004) (noting that even when we review an

issue de novo, we still “give considerable deference to the trial court’s findings 4

regarding the credibility of the witnesses”). Moreover, Blue has the burden to

establish that his trial counsel breached a duty, yet he failed to introduce into

evidence a copy of the video containing the confession so the reviewing court

could ascertain the chance of success of such a motion. We cannot say counsel

breached a duty by not filing a motion to suppress when we have no way of

ascertaining whether the motion would have merit. State v. Dudley, 766 N.W.2d

606, 620 (Iowa 2009) (noting “counsel has no duty to raise issues that have no

merit,” so counsel cannot be found to be ineffective if the defendant’s underlying

claims lack validity).

Blue also failed to establish that he would have insisted on going to trial if

counsel made him aware of the option to file a motion to suppress. At the PCR

hearing, Blue repeatedly testified he chose to enter into a plea deal with the State

after his trial counsel “scared him” by accurately conveying the charges he faced

and the sentence he would receive if found guilty of those charges. Blue agreed

his plan or intent for his case was “damage control,” meaning he wanted to “get

the best offer and move on.” His trial counsel testified similarly, stating Blue

never told him he was innocent, “they got the wrong guy,” or that he wanted to

proceed to trial. The only caveat trial counsel offered was that he was “fairly

certain” they would have proceeded to trial “[h]ad the State rejected the 15-year

or wanted him to go higher.” Although Blue made a few statements during his

testimony at the PCR hearing that he would have insisted on going to trial if he

knew there was a chance his confession could be suppressed, these self-serving

statements are not enough to establish prejudice. See Kirchner, 756 N.W.2d at

206 (noting the defendant “offered no evidence to support his self-serving 5

statement” as he attempted to establish prejudice in a claim of ineffective

assistance); State v. Tate, 710 N.W.2d 237, 241 (Iowa 2006) (“‘[C]onclusory

claims of prejudice’ are not sufficient to satisfy the prejudice element.” (citation

omitted)).

We affirm the denial of Blue’s application for PCR.

AFFIRMED.