BOOTH, Circuit Judge.
These three appeals are from one decree entered in six separate suits which were consolidated for trial.
Each of the three appellee railway companies had brought two separate suits against the appellant seeking to have held void the respective assessments of benefits made against its property within the confines of the St. Francis levee district of Arkansas for the years 1929 and 1930, respectively; also seeking an injunction against the attempted collection of any tax based upon said assessments.
Decree was entered granting the relief prayed.
Since the commencement of the litigation, the Chicago, Rock Islan4 & Pacific Railway Company has paid the 1929 tax against its property. Its present attack, therefore, centers around the assessment of benefits and the tax for 1930.
> The salient facts leading up to the decree are substantially as follows: The levee district was created in 1893 for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a levee on the west bank of the Mississippi river from the Missouri line on the north, where it joined a like levee in Missouri, to the mouth of the St. Francis river on the south, where it joined a like levee in Louisiana, a distance of 165 miles. The money for the construction of the levee was obtained by the issuance of longtime bonds. The assessments of benefits, and the tax levied thereon, were extremely low at the beginning, because the protection afforded by the uncompleted levee was comparatively small, and tax money was only needed to pay interest on the bonds. The benefits and the tax were progressively increased during succeeding years.
The various statutes of Arkansas relating to the levee district are set out in the margin.1
[185]*185It is seen that under the provisions of these Statutes, the members of the board of assessors are elected by the board of directors of the levee district; that there is one assessor for each county in the levee district; that the board of assessors equalizes and corrects the assessments of benefits made by the several assessors; and that the board of directors of the levee district then levies the tax to be collected on the assessment of benefits so equalized and corrected.
It is to be further noted that by the provisions of the Statutes, each assessor for his own county assesses the benefits accruing from the levee to the various classes of property benefited, e. g., lands, town lots, railroads, tramroads, telegraph and telephone lines, etc.
Benefits are assessed on acreage lands per acre, on railroads per mile. The benefit is the difference in value of the unit with and without the levee.
When each assessor completes his assessment, he files it in the levee board office at its domicile. When the assessments of benefits are all filed, notice is published in each county calling on all persons aggrieved by the assessment to appear before the board of assessors at the time and place stated in the notice and present their grievances.
At the appointed time and place, the assessors from the several counties meet and organize themselves into a board of assessors and equalizers to correct individual assessments, if they are excessive, and to equalize the assessments throughout ihe levee district, so as to insure uniformity and prevent discrimination. This board of assessors and equalizers lowers assessments that are too high and raises those which are too low.
The Statute provides as to the meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers and as to the powers of said board in the following language:
“That after said notice shall have been given the assessors shall meet at the office or place of business of said board, on the day mentioned in said notice. They shall select a chairman and a secretary, and keep a record of their proceedings. They shall hear complaints of land, railroad and tram-road owners, and adjust any errors or wrongful assessments. They shall compare and equalize their assessments, and correct their books to conform to said equalization, and their assessments as equalized shall he the assessment of said levee district until the next [186]*186assessment shall be ordered by the board of directors.”
The tables of the equalized assessments of benefits for the years 1929 and 1930 are given in the margin.2
It is to be noted that there were very considerable increases in the assessment of' benefits to lots and to' telephone, telegraph, and power lines in 1930.
For purposes of convenience, the board of assessors classified railroads and tram-roads. The railroads of appellees fell into several classes, the highest and most important being main line first class, on which the assessment of benefits was placed at $5,-000 per mile.
It will be noted that by the Act No. 272 of the Acts of 1917 (page 1448), limits were placed upon the taxes that might be levied by the board of directors of the levee district upon the benefits or betterments fixed by the board of assessors. The tax could not be more than 8 per cent, of the betterment, nor more than 25 cents per acre.
There is no contention that the board of directors of the levee district has not kept within the limits named in the act of 1917: but the complaints of the railroad companies are directed: (1) At the classification of railroads made by the board of assessors; and (2) at the assessment of benefits by said board for the properties of the railroad companies.
From 1919 down to the present time, the benefits for main line first class railroads have been assessed at $5,009 per mile, and the tax has been 5 per cent, of the benefits, or $250 per mile.
[187]*187Up to 1929, these assessments of benefits have, so far as the record shows, gone unchallenged, and the taxes have been paid.
But in October, 1929, each of the three railroad companies filed in the United States District Court suit against the appellant alleging that the assessment of benefits was arbitrary and discriminatory; and asking that the assessment be set aside and that the collection of the tax be enjoined.
The meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers had been held July 23, 1929. Notice of the meeting had been duly published; but none of the railroad companies had filed any protest, made any appearance, or asked for any hearing.
The meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers met also in 1930 on June 19th, pursuant to notice duly published. The three railroad companies appeared by their attorneys, and protested orally against the assessments. The-record is not clear as to just what was done by the railroads at this meeting. At one place it is stated that comparative figures were furnished; at another place, that the railroads asked leave to file written protests, which request was granted.
It is certain, however, that no formal hearing was had or asked for relative to the classification of railroads or relative to the assessment of benefits on their properties. Witness Banks, chairman of the hoard of assessors, testified that the railroads appeared, but furnished the board no information. They simply filed a protest.
At the trial in the District Court, the railroads did not show or attempt to show that at the 1930 meeting of the board of assessors any hearing was had, or even asked for.
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BOOTH, Circuit Judge.
These three appeals are from one decree entered in six separate suits which were consolidated for trial.
Each of the three appellee railway companies had brought two separate suits against the appellant seeking to have held void the respective assessments of benefits made against its property within the confines of the St. Francis levee district of Arkansas for the years 1929 and 1930, respectively; also seeking an injunction against the attempted collection of any tax based upon said assessments.
Decree was entered granting the relief prayed.
Since the commencement of the litigation, the Chicago, Rock Islan4 & Pacific Railway Company has paid the 1929 tax against its property. Its present attack, therefore, centers around the assessment of benefits and the tax for 1930.
> The salient facts leading up to the decree are substantially as follows: The levee district was created in 1893 for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a levee on the west bank of the Mississippi river from the Missouri line on the north, where it joined a like levee in Missouri, to the mouth of the St. Francis river on the south, where it joined a like levee in Louisiana, a distance of 165 miles. The money for the construction of the levee was obtained by the issuance of longtime bonds. The assessments of benefits, and the tax levied thereon, were extremely low at the beginning, because the protection afforded by the uncompleted levee was comparatively small, and tax money was only needed to pay interest on the bonds. The benefits and the tax were progressively increased during succeeding years.
The various statutes of Arkansas relating to the levee district are set out in the margin.1
[185]*185It is seen that under the provisions of these Statutes, the members of the board of assessors are elected by the board of directors of the levee district; that there is one assessor for each county in the levee district; that the board of assessors equalizes and corrects the assessments of benefits made by the several assessors; and that the board of directors of the levee district then levies the tax to be collected on the assessment of benefits so equalized and corrected.
It is to be further noted that by the provisions of the Statutes, each assessor for his own county assesses the benefits accruing from the levee to the various classes of property benefited, e. g., lands, town lots, railroads, tramroads, telegraph and telephone lines, etc.
Benefits are assessed on acreage lands per acre, on railroads per mile. The benefit is the difference in value of the unit with and without the levee.
When each assessor completes his assessment, he files it in the levee board office at its domicile. When the assessments of benefits are all filed, notice is published in each county calling on all persons aggrieved by the assessment to appear before the board of assessors at the time and place stated in the notice and present their grievances.
At the appointed time and place, the assessors from the several counties meet and organize themselves into a board of assessors and equalizers to correct individual assessments, if they are excessive, and to equalize the assessments throughout ihe levee district, so as to insure uniformity and prevent discrimination. This board of assessors and equalizers lowers assessments that are too high and raises those which are too low.
The Statute provides as to the meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers and as to the powers of said board in the following language:
“That after said notice shall have been given the assessors shall meet at the office or place of business of said board, on the day mentioned in said notice. They shall select a chairman and a secretary, and keep a record of their proceedings. They shall hear complaints of land, railroad and tram-road owners, and adjust any errors or wrongful assessments. They shall compare and equalize their assessments, and correct their books to conform to said equalization, and their assessments as equalized shall he the assessment of said levee district until the next [186]*186assessment shall be ordered by the board of directors.”
The tables of the equalized assessments of benefits for the years 1929 and 1930 are given in the margin.2
It is to be noted that there were very considerable increases in the assessment of' benefits to lots and to' telephone, telegraph, and power lines in 1930.
For purposes of convenience, the board of assessors classified railroads and tram-roads. The railroads of appellees fell into several classes, the highest and most important being main line first class, on which the assessment of benefits was placed at $5,-000 per mile.
It will be noted that by the Act No. 272 of the Acts of 1917 (page 1448), limits were placed upon the taxes that might be levied by the board of directors of the levee district upon the benefits or betterments fixed by the board of assessors. The tax could not be more than 8 per cent, of the betterment, nor more than 25 cents per acre.
There is no contention that the board of directors of the levee district has not kept within the limits named in the act of 1917: but the complaints of the railroad companies are directed: (1) At the classification of railroads made by the board of assessors; and (2) at the assessment of benefits by said board for the properties of the railroad companies.
From 1919 down to the present time, the benefits for main line first class railroads have been assessed at $5,009 per mile, and the tax has been 5 per cent, of the benefits, or $250 per mile.
[187]*187Up to 1929, these assessments of benefits have, so far as the record shows, gone unchallenged, and the taxes have been paid.
But in October, 1929, each of the three railroad companies filed in the United States District Court suit against the appellant alleging that the assessment of benefits was arbitrary and discriminatory; and asking that the assessment be set aside and that the collection of the tax be enjoined.
The meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers had been held July 23, 1929. Notice of the meeting had been duly published; but none of the railroad companies had filed any protest, made any appearance, or asked for any hearing.
The meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers met also in 1930 on June 19th, pursuant to notice duly published. The three railroad companies appeared by their attorneys, and protested orally against the assessments. The-record is not clear as to just what was done by the railroads at this meeting. At one place it is stated that comparative figures were furnished; at another place, that the railroads asked leave to file written protests, which request was granted.
It is certain, however, that no formal hearing was had or asked for relative to the classification of railroads or relative to the assessment of benefits on their properties. Witness Banks, chairman of the hoard of assessors, testified that the railroads appeared, but furnished the board no information. They simply filed a protest.
At the trial in the District Court, the railroads did not show or attempt to show that at the 1930 meeting of the board of assessors any hearing was had, or even asked for.
However, in October, 1930, the three appellee railroads each filed in the United States District Court separate complaints, alleging that the assessments of benefits made by the board of assessors for the year 1930 were arbitrary, discriminatory, and violative of the Fourteenth Amendment.
It is noticeable that the complaints contain no allegation that a hearing was had before the hoard of assessors and equalizers, or that one was asked for. It is stated, however, that protests were made.
Upon this state of the record, appellant has raised several questions: (1) Did the Arkansas Statute provide an administrative remedy against wrongful assessments of benefits? (2) Was the administrative remedy (if one existed) exhausted by the railroad companies before resort was had to the courts? (3) If there was an administrative remedy, and it was not exhausted prior to resort being had to the courts, what was the effect of such failure?
The first and third questions may he taken up together.
The provisions of section 2 of Act No. 61 of the Acts of 1903 of Arkansas (page 105) have already been set out. Do they furnish an administrative remedy ?
So far as we are advised, the Supreme Court of the state of Arkansas has not passed upon the precise question.
In the absence of sueh an adjudication by the Supreme Court of the state of Arkansas, we turn to other aids.
In the early case of Hodge v. Muscatine County, 196 U. S. 276, page 281, 25 S. Ct. 237, 240, 49 L. Ed. 477, the Supreme Court said:
“If the taxpayer be given an opportunity to test the validity of the tax at any time before it is made final, whether the proceedings for review take place before a hoard having a quasi judicial character, or before a tribunal provided by the state for the purpose of determining such questions, due process of law is not denied.”
In First National Bank of Greeley v. Board of Com’rs of Weld County, 264 U. S. 450, page 454, 44 S. Ct. 385, 387, 68 L. Ed. 784, the Supreme Court used the following language:
“It is urged, further, that it would liavtf been futile to seek a hearing before the state tax commission, because, first, no appeal to a judicial tribunal was provided in the event of a rejection of a taxpayer’s complaint; and, second, because the time at the disposal of the commission for hearing individual complaints was inadequate. But, aside from the fact that such an appeal is not a matter of right but wholly dependent upon statute (2 Cooley on Taxation, [3d Ed.] p. 1393), we cannot assume that, if application had been made to the commission, proper relief would not- have been accorded by that body, in view of its statutory authority to receive complaints and examine into all cases where it is alleged that property has been fraudulently, improperly, or unfairly* assessed. Collins v. City of Keokuk, 118 Iowa, 30, 35, 91 N. W. 791. Nor will plaintiff be heard to say that there was not adequate time for a hearing, in the absence of any effort on its part to obtain one.”
In Gorham Mfg. Co. v. State Tax Comm., 266 U. S. 265, page 269, 45 S. Ct. 80, 81, [188]*18869 L. Ed. 279, the Supreme Court used the following language:
“A taxpayer who does not exhaust the remedy provided before an administrative board to secure the correct assessment of a tax, cannot thereafter be heard by a judicial tribunal to assert its invalidity. Farncomb v. Denver, 252 U. S. 7, 10, 40 S. Ct. 271, 64 L. Ed. 424; Milheim v. Moffat Tunnel District, 262 U. S. 710, 723, 43 S. Ct. 694, 67 L. Ed. 1194; McGregor v. Hogan, 263 U. S. 234, 238, 44 S. Ct. 50, 68 L. Ed. 282; First Nat. Bank v. Weld County, 264 U. S. 450, 455, 44 S. Ct. 385, 68 L. Ed. 784.”
In Utley v. City of St. Petersburg, 292 U. S. 106, page 109, 54 S. Ct. 593, 595, 78 L. Ed. 1155, involving a special assessment for a city improvement, the Supreme Court said:
“This court will not listen to an objection that the charge has been laid in an arbitrary manner when an administrative remedy for the correction of defects or inequalities has been given by the statute and ignored by the objector. Milheim v. Moffat Tunnel District, 262 U. S. 710, 723, 43 S. Ct. 694, 67 L. Ed. 1194; Farncomb v. Denver, 252 U. S. 7, 40 S. Ct. 271, 64 L. Ed. 424; Porter v. Investors’ Syndicate, 286 U. S. 461, 52 S. Ct. 617, 76 L. Ed. 1226.”
In United States v. Illinois Central R. Co., 291 U. S. 457, page 463, 54 S. Ct. 471, 474, 78 L. Ed. 909, involving an order of the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Supreme Court said:
“If the preliminary order be erroneous in any particular, it is susceptible of correction by the commission upon the hearing thus provided for. It will be time enough for appellees to seek the aid of a court of equity when they shall have fully availed themselves of this administrative remedy, and the commission shall have taken adverse action. Until then they are in no situation to invoke judicial action.”
In the case of Kansas City Southern Ry. Co. v. Ogden Levee District, 15 F.(2d) 637, this court had occasion to examine the question of administrative remedies. In the course of its opinion, the court, speaking by the late Judge Kenyon, said (page 642 of 15 F.(2d):
“An administrative remedy is one not judicial, but one provided by a commission or board created by the legislative power. * * •.
“The courts have frequently had before them questions involving the sufficiency of proceedings leading up to the assessment of general and special taxes. Through them all it is apparent that the courts consider that, where special assessments of benefits are made by boards or commissions under legislative authority as a basis for taxation to pay for special improvements, the taxpayer must have a right at some stage of the proceedings to a hearing, and that such hearing is not a mere matter of favor or grace with those entrusted with the assessment.”
After reviewing the authorities up to that time, the court further said (page 641 of 15 F.(2d) :
“In all of these leading eases, where judicial relief has been denied in tax assessment cases because of the party’s failure to exhaust the remedies under state statutes, such remedies have provided for a hearing and the introduction of evidence and some kind of public notice.”
To the same effect see Farncomb v. City and County of Denver, 252 U. S. 7, 40 S. Ct. 271, 64 L. Ed. 424; Milheim v. Moffat Tunnel Imp. Dist., 262 U. S. 710, 43 S. Ct. 694, 67 L. Ed. 1194; Robert Noble Estate v. Boise City (D. C.) 19 F.(2d) 927; Apartments Bldg. Co. v. Smiley, 32 F.(2d) 142 (C. C. A. 8).
In view of the foregoing authorities, we think it is clear that the Statute of Arkansas, above cited, did provide an administrative remedy; and that the railroad companies were required to exhaust that remedy before resorting to the courts.
As to the remaining question whether the railroad companies did exhaust the administrative remedy provided, so far as concerns the 1929 assessments of benefits and tax, there can be but one answer. There is no contention by the railroad companies that there was any hearing, request for a hearing, or even appearance by them.
As to the assessment of benefits and the tax for the year 1930, the ease is somewhat different. At the meeting of the board of assessors and equalizers, the railroad companies did appear and did make oral protest.
We think, however, that this was not sufficient to constitute an exhaustion of remedy. There was no hearing and no request for a hearing, and the fact that the railroad companies asked leave to file written protests later would seem to indicate that no hearing was strongly desired.
[189]*189It must be assumed that the administrative remedy provided for the appellee railroad companies by the Statutes of Arkansas was provided in good faith. The board of assessors and equalization was a quasi judicial body having exclusive jurisdiction of the assessment of benefits on account of the levee to the property in the levee district. The Statute required that that board should hear complaints and adjust errors or wrongful assessments.
The courts have held that when such an administrative remedy is provided, parties complaining must exhaust that remedy before resorting to the courts. Exhausting the remedy is not satisfied by a mere gesture; but the phrase means that there must be at least a fair attempt to have a hearing and to introduce one’s evidence.
Nor is there any showing that a request for a hearing would have been futile or that a hearing would have been useless.
Counsel for the railroad companies in their brief make an admission which indicates a contrary conclusion. They admit that owing to complaints, the assessment of benefits to town lots was very materially increased by the board of assessors in 1930. It also appears that the assessment of benefits against telephone, telegraph, and power lines was materially increased in 1930.
After careful consideration, we reach the conclusion that there was no exhaustion of administrative remedy by the railroad companies as to the assessments of benefits to their properties, either for the year 1929 or the year 1930.
We think, therefore, that the trial court erred in entertaining the present suits.
The decree is reversed and the causes remanded with instructions to dismiss the several bills.