Blue Ribbon Properties, Inc. v. Hardin County Fiscal Court

50 F. App'x 671
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
DecidedAugust 15, 2002
DocketNo. 00-6345
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 50 F. App'x 671 (Blue Ribbon Properties, Inc. v. Hardin County Fiscal Court) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Blue Ribbon Properties, Inc. v. Hardin County Fiscal Court, 50 F. App'x 671 (6th Cir. 2002).

Opinion

BATCHELDER, Circuit Judge.

Blue Ribbon Properties, Inc., appeals the district court’s orders granting summary judgment to the Hardin County Fiscal Court and the Hardin County Planning and Development Commission (collectively “the County” hereinafter) on Blue Ribbon’s claims of inverse condemnation under Kentucky law, violation of the Interstate Commerce Clause, and violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Because we conclude that Blue Ribbon has not presented sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of fact material to any of these claims and the defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

I.

Burt Wilson, the president of Blue Ribbon, began to explore the possibility of opening a landfill in Hardin County, Ken[673]*673tucky, when he learned in 1987 that Hardin County’s sole landfill was scheduled to be closed in June, 1992. Wilson hired a hydrologist to ascertain what, if any, land in Hardin County was suitable for a landfill. According to the hydrologist, most of Hardin County was not suitable because of the porous nature of the bedrock underlying the County. One small portion of the County, however, a shale outcropping— called the Muldraugh escarpment— through which water would not flow, was determined to be well suited for the purpose. In 1989, Wilson purchased the 590 acres of land upon the escarpment that is the subject of this suit.

Blue Ribbon applied for a conditional use permit1 from the Hardin County Planning and Development Commission (Commission) on October 24, 1989. Also in October 1989, Blue Ribbon submitted the required state landfill application to the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet (Cabinet), the state agency entrusted with authority over landfills.

The Commission held five public hearings before denying Blue Ribbon’s request for a conditional use permit on February 5, 1991. The Commission listed as reasons for its denial: (1) the danger that archaeological sites might be destroyed; (2) the additional traffic on county roads that were prone to flooding and were not made to withstand a high volume of heavy truck traffic; (3) high noise levels; (4) unsightly view; and (5) odor nuisance.

Blue Ribbon appealed the denial to the Hardin County Fiscal Court (Fiscal Court or Court), which is the governing body of Hardin County. The Fiscal Court, on March 11, 1991, voted to deny Blue Ribbon’s application for a conditional use.

On April 10, 1991, Blue Ribbon sued in Hardin County Circuit Court challenging Hardin County’s zoning ordinance and the County’s denial of Blue Ribbon’s application. The court ruled in April 1993 that the zoning ordinance was invalid under state law and that the County’s denial of Blue Ribbon’s application was unlawful. The Kentucky Court of Appeals affirmed and the Supreme Court of Kentucky denied review.

In 1991, the Commonwealth enacted legislation that required each county to create an area solid waste management plan. Ky.Rev.Stat. Ann. § 224.43 et seq. In the fall of 1991, while Blue Ribbon’s suit was wending its way through the court system, the County purchased 1,373 acres to use as a landfill, and applied to the Cabinet for a landfill permit. Hardin County subsequently adopted its plan, which expressly excluded Blue Ribbon’s proposed landfill as a viable option for the disposal of solid waste within the County.

After its victory in the state courts, Blue Ribbon again attempted to obtain a permit to operate a landfill. The Fiscal Court held a public hearing in July 1995 to determine whether Blue Ribbon’s proposed landfill was consistent with the requirements of the Hardin County solid waste management plan. The Commission presented its reasons for opposing the landfill and the Fiscal Court found, for essentially the same reasons that it had denied the first application, as well as the specific exclusion of the Blue Ribbon landfill from the County’s plan and the landfill that the Fiscal Court was in the process of con[674]*674structing, that it was not. On October 2, 1995, the Cabinet sent Blue Ribbon a letter explaining that, although it had the authority to overrule the Fiscal Court’s denial of Blue Ribbon’s application, it was unlikely to do so given the requirements of the law, the capacity needs of Hardin County and the other elements of the Hardin County plan.

Blue Ribbon then brought this action against the Fiscal Court, the Commission, and the Cabinet, asserting five claims: (1) an unconstitutional regulatory taking under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments; (2) a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim alleging a deprivation of due process and equal protection in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment; (3) a violation of the Interstate Commerce Clause; (4) violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1 and 1px solid var(--green-border)">2; and (5) a state law claim for tortious interference with a prospective advantage. Blue Ribbon sought injunctive relief, compensation of $25 million, and punitive damages of $2 million.

The district court dismissed Blue Ribbon’s claims against the Cabinet on the basis of Eleventh Amendment immunity. The court then granted partial summary judgment against Blue Ribbon on all of its claims except for the antitrust claims, ruling that: Blue Ribbon’s federal takings claim was not ripe for adjudication because Blue Ribbon had failed to exhaust its state remedies through an inverse condemnation action; the § 1983 claim must be dismissed on collateral estoppel grounds because the district court was bound by the Hardin County Circuit Court’s earlier ruling that the Fiscal Court and Commission were not “personfs]” within the meaning of § 1983; the defendants were entitled to judgment on the Commerce Clause claim because Blue Ribbon had failed to allege any facts that would show that the County “discriminated ... against out-of-state waste or landfill operators in the design and implementation of the Hardin County Solid Waste Plan;” and under Kentucky law, the County was immune from suit on the tortious interference claim. The district court refused to grant summary judgment on the antitrust claims because the County’s motion was premised solely on Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341, 63 S.Ct. 307, 87 L.Ed. 315 (1943), and the immunity announced in that case was not available to the Fiscal Court and Commission because they had made no showing that they had acted in accordance with a “clearly articulated and affirmatively expressed state policy” to displace competition and impose regulation or monopoly.

Blue Ribbon requested and was granted leave to amend its complaint. In the amended complaint Blue Ribbon added an inverse condemnation claim alleging that the Fiscal Court and Commission condemned Blue Ribbon’s property in violation of the Federal and Kentucky Constitutions.

Following discovery, both parties moved for summary judgment and on August 28, 2000, the district court granted the County’s motion.

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