[Cite as Blevins v. Hartman, 2013-Ohio-3297.]
COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LOUIS BLEVINS, JR., ADMIN. OF : THE ESTATE OF ALLISON R. : JOHNSON : JUDGES: : : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellant : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- : : Case No. 12CA116 : (consolidated with 12CA115 for oral RICHARD L. HARTMAN, ET AL. : argument only) : : Defendants-Appellees : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 10-CV- 700-H
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: July 18, 2013
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellant: For Defendants-Appellees:
DOUGLAS C. KNISLEY WALTER M. KROHNGOLD 1111 Dublin Road 1360 E. 9th St. Columbus, OH 43215 1000 IMG Center Cleveland, OH 44114 JAMES BECKER 4380 Braunton Road BYRON D. CORLEY Columbus, OH 43220-4304 22 N. Walnut St. Mansfield, OH 44902
GARY PIPER 3 N. Main St., Suite 500 Mansfield, OH 44902 Richland County, Case No.12CA116 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant Louis Blevins, Jr., Administrator of the Estate of Allison
R. Johnson (Case No. 12CA116) appeals the October 15, 2012 and November 14,
2012 judgment entries of the Richland County Court of Common Pleas.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Mansfield Manor, located in Richland County, Ohio, is a housing complex
providing low-income housing for persons with physical disabilities. Defendant-Appellee
Mansfield-Richland, Morrow Counties Policy Committee of the Total Operation Against
Poverty, Inc., operates Mansfield Manor. Allison R. Johnson was the property manager
for Mansfield Manor. Geraldine Heckerd was a licensed practical nurse and performed
various in-home nursing services on behalf of certain tenants at Mansfield Manor.
Geraldine Heckerd was not an employee of Mansfield Manor.
{¶3} Jerry Hartman, a 44-year-old male, was a tenant of Mansfield Manor
based on his back problems due to a workplace accident. Before accepting his
application for tenancy, Mansfield Manor conducted a criminal background check on
Jerry Hartman that did not reveal any prior violent crimes. In 1992, Hartman was
charged with misdemeanor domestic violence but there was no record of the disposition
of the case. Mansfield Manor did not conduct a psychological exam before accepting
his tenancy. Since 2004, Jerry Hartman was treated by Dr. Yogesh Desai, a
psychiatrist. Hartman’s medical records state he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder
and schizoaffective disorder.
{¶4} On May 18, 2006, Jerry Hartman was brought to MedCentral-Mansfield
Hospital by the Mansfield City Police Department. The police reported to the home of Richland County, Case No.12CA116 3
Richard and Ruth Hartman, the parents of Jerry Hartman, based on Jerry Hartman’s
911 call. Jerry Hartman was at his parents’ home and he thought his father was
threatening his mother. Jerry Hartman allegedly made threatening statements against
his father. The police brought Jerry Hartman to the hospital for a psychiatric evaluation.
The May 18, 2006 hospital report stated, “[Jerry Hartman] is stating he is depressed and
did admit to homicidal ideation, although denies any suicidal ideation.” Jerry Hartman
was discharged from the hospital.
{¶5} On May 26, 2006, at Mansfield Manor, Jerry Hartman shot and killed
Geraldine Heckerd and Allison R. Johnson with a 12-gauge shotgun. Jerry Hartman
then killed himself with the shotgun. The shotgun used in the crime came from the
home of Richard and Ruth Hartman.
{¶6} On May 27, 2007, Plaintiff-Appellant Denise L. White, Individually and
Executor of the Estate of Geraldine Heckerd (“White/Heckerd”) filed a wrongful death
and survivorship action in the Richland County Court of Common Pleas against
Defendant-Appellee Mansfield-Richland, Morrow Counties Policy Committee of the
Total Operation Against Poverty, Inc., Defendant-Appellee Richard Hartman, Ruth
Hartman, and MedCentral Health System. Plaintiff-Appellant Louise Blevins, Jr.,
Administrator to the Estate of Allison R. Johnson (“Blevins/Johnson”) simultaneously
filed a wrongful death and survivorship action in the Richland County Court of Common
Pleas against the same defendants. White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson dismissed
their complaints on June 9, 2009.
{¶7} White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson refiled their complaints on June 2,
2010. The parties did not name the Estate of Ruth Hartman or MedCentral Health Richland County, Case No.12CA116 4
System as defendants. The trial court ordered the cases be consolidated for all
purposes including trial.
{¶8} Richard Hartman passed away on December 9, 2010. Counsel for
Richard Hartman filed a Suggestion of Death on December 13, 2010. Defendant-
Appellee Jeffrey Hartman, Administrator of the Estate of Richard Hartman (“the Estate
of Richard Hartman”) was substituted as the defendant.
{¶9} Mansfield Manor filed a motion for summary judgment against
White/Heckerd on January 3, 2011. In its motion, Mansfield Manor argued Geraldine
Heckerd was a business invitee on the property on May 26, 2006 and as such,
Mansfield Manor did not owe a duty to Geraldine Heckerd because Jerry Hartman’s
criminal act was not foreseeable. In support of its motion, Mansfield Manor attached the
affidavit of Fred Kane, property manager of Mansfield Manor.
{¶10} On April 28, 2011, the Estate of Richard Hartman filed a motion for
summary judgment against White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson. Attached to the
motion for summary judgment was the affidavit of Richard Hartman given before his
death and the deposition of Dr. Desai. The motion argued Richard Hartman, as father
of Jerry Hartman, was not liable for the deaths of Geraldine Heckerd or Allison Johnson.
{¶11} On May 31, 2011, White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson filed a joint motion
to modify response dates to the summary judgment motions. Appellants stated the
motion was not a Civ.R. 56(F) motion. The trial court modified the scheduling order to
give White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson until September 15, 2011 to complete
discovery. Appellants’ response to the motions for summary judgment was due on
September 26, 2011. Richland County, Case No.12CA116 5
{¶12} White/Heckerd filed a motion to compel discovery against Mansfield
Manor on August 8, 2011.
{¶13} White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson filed a response to the Estate of
Richard Hartman’s motion for summary judgment on September 26, 2011.
{¶14} On October 3, 2011, the trial court issued a scheduling order. Mansfield
Manor’s discovery responses were due on November 11, 2011. White/Heckerd and
Blevins/Johnson were to respond to the motions for summary judgment on January 10,
2012. The trial court would hold a non-oral hearing on the motions for summary
judgment on January 30, 2012.
{¶15} Mansfield Manor filed a supplemental motion for summary judgment
against White/Heckerd on December 22, 2011. In the motion, Mansfield Manor argued
White/Heckerd failed to argue Mansfield Manor was liable under a theory of gross
negligence.
{¶16} White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson filed a supplement to their response
to the Estate of Richard Hartman’s motion for summary judgment on January 10, 2012.
{¶17} White/Heckerd never filed a response to Mansfield Manor’s motion for
summary judgment. On October 10, 2012, the trial court granted the motion for
summary judgment filed by Mansfield Manor against White/Heckerd.
{¶18} On October 15, 2012, the trial court granted the motion for summary
judgment of the Estate of Richard Hartman against White/Heckerd and
Blevins/Johnson.
{¶19} On November 14, 2012, the trial court issued a nunc pro tunc judgment
entry stating it granted summary judgment in favor of Mansfield Manor on Richland County, Case No.12CA116 6
Blevins/Johnson’s claim of intentional tort. Mansfield Manor did not previously file a
motion for summary judgment on Blevins/Johnson’s claim of intentional tort.
{¶20} It is from these decisions White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson appeal.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶21} The appeals of Plaintiff-Appellant Denise L. White, Individually and
Executor of the Estate of Geraldine Heckerd (Case No. 12CA115) and Plaintiff-
Appellant Louise Blevins, Jr., Administrator to the Estate of Allison R. Johnson (Case
No. 12CA116) were consolidated by this Court for oral argument purposes. The
appeals and Assignments of Error will be considered separately.
{¶22} The Assignments of Error relating to the appeal of Plaintiff-Appellant
Louise Blevins, Jr., Administrator to the Estate of Allison R. Johnson (Case No.
12CA116) are as follows:
{¶23} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT
GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT TO THE HARTMAN ESTATE ON THE
ALLEGATIONS PRESENTED BY THE PLAINTIFFS, DENISE L. WHITE AND LOUIS
BLEVINS, JR. (OCTOBER 15, 2012 DECISION & ENTRY, RECORD 66).”
{¶24} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT
GRANTED SUMMARY JUDGMENT TO MRM WHERE NO MOTION FOR SUMMARY
JUDGMENT HAD BEEN MADE (NOVEMBER 14, 2012 DECISION & ENTRY,
RECORD, 69).” Richland County, Case No.12CA116 7
ANALYSIS
SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO THE ESTATE OF RICHARD HARTMAN
{¶25} Blevins/Johnson argues the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment in favor of the Estate of Richard Hartman (October 15, 2012 Judgment Entry).
We disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶26} We refer to Civ.R. 56(C) in reviewing a motion for summary judgment
which provides, in pertinent part:
Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleading,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,
transcripts of evidence in the pending case and written stipulations of fact,
if any, timely filed in the action, show that there is no genuine issue as to
any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. * * * A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless it
appears from such evidence or stipulation and only from the evidence or
stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and
that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for
summary judgment is made, such party being entitled to have the
evidence or stipulation construed most strongly in the party's favor.
{¶27} The moving party bears the initial responsibility of informing the trial court
of the basis for the motion, and identifying those portions of the record before the trial
court, which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element
of the nonmoving party's claim. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292, 662 N.E.2d Richland County, Case No.12CA116 8
264 (1996). The nonmoving party then has a reciprocal burden of specificity and cannot
rest on the allegations or denials in the pleadings, but must set forth “specific facts” by
the means listed in Civ.R. 56(C) showing that a “triable issue of fact” exists. Mitseff v.
Wheeler, 38 Ohio St.3d 112, 115, 526 N.E.2d 798, 801 (1988).
{¶28} Pursuant to the above rule, a trial court may not enter summary judgment
if it appears a material fact is genuinely disputed. Vahila v. Hall, 77 Ohio St.3d 421,
429, 674 N.E.2d 1164 (1997), citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 662 N.E.2d 264
(1996).
Negligence of the Estate of Richard Hartman
{¶29} In their complaints against the Estate of Richard Hartman, White/Heckerd
and Blevins/Johnson alleged Richard Hartman was negligent in the possession and
storage of the 12-gauge shotgun used in the shooting based on Richard Hartman’s
knowledge of his son’s psychiatric diagnoses and violent tendencies. The Estate of
Richard Hartman filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing there was no genuine
issue of material fact that Richard Hartman owed no duty to White/Heckerd or
Blevins/Johnson; or, if a duty was owed to the deceased, Richard Hartman was not
negligent. In support of its motion for summary judgment, the Estate of Richard
Hartman filed the affidavit of Richard Hartman, taken before his death, and the
deposition of Dr. Desai, Jerry Hartman’s psychiatrist. The Estate argued reasonable
minds could only conclude Richard Hartman had no prior knowledge that Jerry Hartman
would commit a violent act with the shotgun.
{¶30} Richard Hartman stated in his affidavit that his father purchased the
shotgun in the 1940s. The shotgun was given to Richard Hartman when his father Richland County, Case No.12CA116 9
passed away. When Jerry Hartman was 15 years old, Richard Hartman stated he gave
the gun to his son. Jerry Hartman lived with Richard and Ruth Hartman until his
marriage in the 1980s. Jerry Hartman divorced and he occasionally lived with his
parents. Jerry Hartman moved to Shelby, Ohio in the 2000s. He moved from Shelby,
Ohio and moved into the Mansfield Manor. Jerry Hartman would visit his parents’
home.
{¶31} Richard Hartman averred he never heard his son make threats of physical
harm to any person prior to May 26, 2006. He stated he was never told by a medical
doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, therapist, or other healthcare provider that Jerry
Hartman presented a suicidal or homicidal threat to other persons.
{¶32} In their response to the motion for summary judgment, White/Heckerd and
Blevins/Johnson filed the affidavits of Delaney Smith, M.D. and Daniel Kennedy, Ph.D.
Their experts stated that based on Jerry Hartman’s psychiatric records, Richard
Hartman should have known his son suffered from mental illness and could commit a
violent act. The Appellants also provided the depositions of the police officers who
responded to the Hartman home on May 18, 2006 and interviewed Richard Hartman
after the May 26, 2006 incident. During the interview regarding the shooting at
Mansfield Manor, the police officer stated that Richard Hartman told the interviewing
officer he kept the shotgun in the home. The shotgun was discovered missing after May
26, 2006. Richard Hartman told the officer that at some time, Jerry Hartman took the
gun from the home unbeknownst to anyone. The police officer also stated Richard
Hartman told him that his son suffered from a number of ailments and was
schizophrenic. Richland County, Case No.12CA116 10
{¶33} The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment. The trial court
found the basis of the Appellants’ negligence claims was Richard Hartman’s knowledge.
Neither party deposed Richard Hartman before his death. In order to establish a
genuine issue of material fact, Appellants utilized the reports of the experts and the
police officers as to Jerry Hartman’s mental health and what Richard Hartman should
have known about his son. The only direct evidence before the trial court of Richard
Hartman’s knowledge was his affidavit. The trial court found there was no genuine
issue of material fact that Richard Hartman was not aware that Jerry Hartman presented
a violent risk to others.
{¶34} We review de novo what duty the Estate of Richard Hartman owed to
White/Heckerd and Blevins/Johnson for the actions of his son, Jerry Hartman. In order
to establish a claim for negligence, a plaintiff must show: (1) a duty on the part of
defendant to protect the plaintiff from injury; (2) a breach of that duty; and (3) an injury
proximately resulting from the breach. Jeffers v. Olexo, 43 Ohio St.3d 140, 142, 539
N.E.2d 614 (1989).
{¶35} In tort law, there is no duty to control the conduct of a third person to
prevent him from causing physical harm to another; however, a defendant may owe a
duty to a plaintiff based upon a special relationship between the defendant and the third
person. Gelbman v. Second Natl. Bank of Warren, 9 Ohio St.3d 77, 79, 458 N.E.2d
1262 (1984); Commerce & Industry Ins. Co. v. Toledo, 45 Ohio St.3d 96, 98, 543
N.E.2d 1188, 1192 (1989). “Relationships which result in a duty to protect others
include: 1) common carrier and its passengers; 2) innkeeper and guests; 3) possessor
of land and invitee; 4) custodian and individual taken into custody; and 5) employer and Richland County, Case No.12CA116 11
employee.” Reddick v. Said, 11th Dist. No. 2011-L-067, 2012-Ohio-1885, ¶ 38 quoting
Jackson v. Forest City Ents., 111 Ohio App.3d 283, 285, 675 N.E.2d 1356 (8th
Dist.1996), citing 2 Restatement of the Law 2d, Torts (1965), 116, at Section 314(A).
“Relationships that may give rise to a duty to control a third person's conduct include the
following: (1) parent and child; (2) master and servant; and (3) custodian and person
with dangerous propensities.” Reddick, at ¶ 38 quoting Hall v. Watson, 7th Dist. No. 01
CA 55, 2002-Ohio-3176, ¶ 16.
{¶36} Whether a duty exists depends on the foreseeability of injury. Menifee v.
Ohio Welding Products, Inc., 15 Ohio St.3d 75, 77, 472 N.E.2d 707, 710 (1984). Injury
is foreseeable if a defendant knew or should have known that his act was likely to result
in harm to someone. Mudrich v. Standard Oil Co., 153 Ohio St. 31, 39, 90 N.E.2d 859,
863 (1950).
{¶37} The Eleventh District Court of Appeals analyzed a similar fact pattern as to
those in the present case to determine whether a duty existed for the parents of an adult
child with mental health problems. In Havel v. Chapek, 11th Dist. No. 2004-G-2609,
2006-Ohio-7014, appeal not allowed, 113 Ohio St.3d 1514, 2007-Ohio-2208, 866
N.E.2d 512, the Chapek’s adult son, Jeremy killed Jessica, the Havel’s adult daughter.
{¶38} During Jeremy’s childhood, Jeremy suffered from obsessive-compulsive
disorder and depression and received mental health counseling. Jeremy and Jessica
began a romantic relationship as teenagers. When they were adults, they became
engaged and moved in together. Jessica ended the relationship and Jeremy moved
home with his parents. Richland County, Case No.12CA116 12
{¶39} Jeremy owned several guns. On May 16, 2002, Jeremy’s mother noticed
that the shotgun was missing from Jeremy’s room. That day, Jeremy murdered Jessica
by a combination of beating, stabbing, and strangulation; thereafter, Jeremy killed
himself with a shotgun.
{¶40} The parents of Jessica filed suit against Jeremy’s parents asserting claims
of negligence, survivorship, and wrongful death. The trial court granted summary
judgment in favor of Jeremy’s parents. The Eleventh District affirmed the decision.
{¶41} In order to reach their decision, the court examined the common law as to
a parent’s liability for acts of their child:
“At common law, a parent is not ordinary liable for damages caused
by a child's wrongful conduct. However, liability can attach when the
injury committed by the child is the foreseeable consequence of a parent's
negligent act. In those circumstances, liability arises from the conduct of
the parent.” Huston v. Konieczny (1990), 52 Ohio St.3d 214, 556 N.E.2d
505, at syllabus.
A child remains under the care and control of its parents until the
age of majority, defined in Ohio, as the age of eighteen years. R.C.
3109.01 (“[a]ll persons of the age of eighteen years * * * are of full age for
all purposes”). It follows then, that a parent is only liable for the
“foreseeable consequences” of their negligence in supervising their
children during their minority.
Stated otherwise, “there is no duty under Ohio law to control the
conduct of another person so as to prevent him from causing physical Richland County, Case No.12CA116 13
harm to another unless a ‘special relation’ exists between the actor and
that person which imposes a duty upon the actor to control the person's
conduct.” Littleton v. Good Samaritan Hosp. & Health Ctr. (1988), 39 Ohio
St.3d 86, 92, 529 N.E.2d 449, (citations omitted). Such a “special
relationship” exists between a parent and a minor child. See 2
Restatement of the Law 2d, Torts (1965), Section 316; approved Huston,
52 Ohio St.3d at 218, 556 N.E.2d 505, cf. R.C. 3109.10) “[a]ny person is
entitled to maintain an action to recover compensatory damages in a civil
action * * * from the parent of a child under the age of eighteen if the child
* * * assaults the person”).
Havel, at ¶ 43-45.
{¶42} The court found that because Jeremy was an emancipated adult at the
time he committed the murder, his parents were under no duty to Jessica because of
their status as Jeremy’s parents. Id. at ¶ 49.
{¶43} Jessica’s mother argued that Jeremy’s parents knew of and encouraged
Jeremy’s violent propensities towards Jessica. “Ohio law also imposes a duty in the
following situation: ‘One who takes charge of a third person whom he knows or should
know to be likely to cause bodily harm to others if not controlled is under a duty to
exercise reasonable care to control the third person to prevent him from doing such
harm.’ Morgan v. Fairfield Family Counseling Ctr. 77 Ohio St.3d 284, 294, 673 N.E.2d
1311, citing 2 Restatement of the law 2d, Torts, Section 319.” Havel, at ¶ 50. The
Eleventh District found the evidence presented did not support the claim that Jeremy’s
parents knew of his violent propensities towards others. Jeremy had no history of Richland County, Case No.12CA116 14
violent behavior towards anyone but himself. He did not have a criminal record. Id. at ¶
51.
{¶44} In support of her argument as to negligence, Jessica’s mother relied on
the case of Volpe v. Gallagher, 821 A.2d 699 (R.I. 2003). The Appellants in the present
case also rely upon the Volpe case. In Volpe, the defendant allowed her mentally ill,
adult son to live with her. The son did not have a violent or criminal history. The
defendant was sued for negligence when the son shot and killed a neighbor with a gun
that he was allowed to keep. The jury found for the plaintiffs and the Rhode Island
Supreme Court upheld the decision. Havel at ¶ 57.
{¶45} The Eleventh District did not follow the Volpe case:
Volpe is distinguishable in key respects. The son in Volpe did not
suffer from mere depression, but was paranoid and delusional, “sit[ting] by
himself in the darkness carrying on conversations with imaginary
companions.” The son in Volpe had also been previously institutionalized
for his mental illness and underwent two years of outpatient treatment
during which time his condition worsened. Id., at 708-709.
In Volpe, the mother's liability rested on the duty “to prevent those
whom [one] allow[s] to use their property from doing so in a manner that
creates an unreasonable risk of harm to others in situations in which the
possessors are able to exercise such control.” Id. at 711. In other words,
the mother's liability derived from her status as a possessor of land.FN4
See 2 Restatement of the Law 2d, Torts, Section 318. In this case, the
Chapeks' liability would derive from their alleged act of “taking charge” of Richland County, Case No.12CA116 15
one whom they knew or should have known was likely to cause harm to
another. 2 Restatement of the Law 2d, Torts, Section 319. The
distinction is important. Inherent in the possession of land is the ability
and the necessity of exercising control over those premises. By allowing
Jeremy to live with them, the Chapeks did not thereby “take charge” of
Jeremy, creating a presumption the ability or the duty for his care and
control. “Liability for the negligent acts of a third party is not ordinarily
imposed unless the defendant has the authority, as well as the ability, to
control that party's actions; the mere fact that the defendant could have
exercised that control ‘as a practical matter’ does not create a duty to do
so.” Harstock v. Harstock (N.Y.App.1993), 189 A.D.2d 993, 993-994, 592
N.Y.S.2d 512; Kaminski v. Fairfield (Conn.1990), 578 N.E.2d 1048, 1052
(“[n]either the defendant nor our own research has disclosed any case in
which a parent, merely by making a home for an adult child who has a
mental disorder, has been held to be ‘[o]ne who takes charge of a third
person’ for the purposes of § 319 [of the Restatement 2d of Torts]”); Alioto
v. Marnell (Mass.1988), 520 N.E, 2d 1284, 1286 (“[t]he fortuity of his living
in their home does not create a duty where none otherwise exists; nor
does their status as parents, without more, impose on the defendants the
duty to supervise and control their emancipated adult son”).
FN4. The court in Volpe was careful to particularly identify the
mother's liability as deriving from her status as a possessor of land:
“defendant's liability in this case does not stem from the fact that, because Richland County, Case No.12CA116 16
she was Gallagher's mother and because Gallagher was living with her as
an adult when he was mentally ill, therefore she necessarily had the ability
and the duty to control his behavior.” 821 A.2d at 711.
A third distinguishing feature of the Volpe decision is the great
emphasis the court placed on the mother's negligence in allowing her son
to have access to firearms on her property, which the son used to commit
the murder. The court noted that “a person who allows deadly firearms to
be stored on his or her property ‘is held to the highest standard of due
care’.” 821 A.2d at 712 (Citation omitted.); also, Id. at 710 (“ ‘Whom the
Gods would destroy, they first make mad.’ * * * [I]n this case, defendant * *
* then allows such an individual to keep guns and ammunition on their
property, whereupon he eventually destroys not only himself but one or
more other lives.”) (Citations omitted.) In the present case, the Chapeks
did allow Jeremy to keep firearms on their property. However, there is no
evidence that firearms played any part in Jessica's murder, which was by
beating, strangulation, and incision.
Havel, at ¶ 59-60. The Eleventh District found that Jessica’s mother failed to raise an
issue whether Jessica’s murder was a reasonably foreseeable event or that Jeremy’s
parents had taken charge of Jeremy so as to be liable for his conduct. Id. at ¶ 61.
{¶46} We find the persuasive authority of Havel is dispositive of the present
appeal. The issue in Havel case whether there was a duty on the parents to prevent
their adult son from causing harm to another. Generally, there is no duty to control the
conduct of a third party by preventing him from causing harm to another, except in Richland County, Case No.12CA116 17
cases where there exists a special relationship between the actor and the third party,
which gives rise to a duty to control, or between the actor and another which gives the
other the right to protection. Fed. Steel & Wire Corp. v. Ruhlin Constr. Co., 45 Ohio
St.3d 171, 173, 543 N.E.2d 769 (1989). A defendant's duty to a plaintiff depends upon
the relationship between the parties and the foreseeability of injury to someone in the
plaintiff's position. Simmers v. Bentley Constr. Co., 64 Ohio St.3d 642, 64, 597 N.E.2d
504 (1992). The Havel court concluded there was no special relationship between
Jeremy and his parents to create the existence of a duty. Further, the court found there
was no genuine issue of material fact that the violent act committed against Jessica by
Jeremy was not foreseeable by Jeremy’s parents.
{¶47} In the present case, we affirm the trial court’s decision finding there was
no duty owed by the Estate of Richard Hartman to White/Heckerd or Blevins/Johnson
for the acts of Jerry Hartman. The facts of this case are tragic and becoming all too
common in the daily news. However, we must apply the facts before us to the law. In
this case, there is no genuine issue of material fact that on May 26, 2006, Jerry
Hartman was 44 years old and an emancipated adult. He did not reside in his parents’
home but lived independently at Mansfield Manor. There is no factual dispute that the
shotgun used by Jerry Hartman was in the parents’ home before May 26, 2006.
Richard Hartman’s affidavit does not dispute that he may have been aware of his son’s
mental illness, but suffering from a mental illness does not automatically equate violent
behavior. The issue is whether Jerry Hartman’s violent behavior was foreseeable to
Richard Hartman. Jerry Hartman’s criminal record prior to May 26, 2006 consisted of
one charge of domestic violence of which there is no Civ.R. 56 evidence of its Richland County, Case No.12CA116 18
disposition. Richard Hartman averred that he was not aware of Jerry Hartman’s violent
tendencies towards others. As the trial court held, the experts’ opinions as to what
Richard Hartman should have known were speculative and did not create a genuine
issue of material fact. The record in this case does not support a finding that Richard
Hartman and Jerry Hartman were in a special relationship such that Richard Hartman
took charge of his adult son or that the criminal behavior was foreseeable to Richard
Hartman, thereby creating a duty to prevent the senseless acts caused by Jerry
Hartman.
{¶48} The Assignment of Error of Plaintiff-Appellant Louise Blevins, Jr.,
Administrator to the Estate of Allison R. Johnson (Case No. 12CA116) as to the
summary judgment motion of Defendant-Appellee Jeffrey Hartman, Administrator of the
Estate of Richard Hartman is overruled.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO MANSFIELD MANOR
{¶49} Blevins/Johnson next raises as an Assignment of Error that the trial court
erred when it sua sponte granted summary judgment in favor of Mansfield Manor on
Blevins/Johnson’s claim for intentional tort (November 14, 2012 Judgment Entry). We
agree.
{¶50} Allison Johnson was an employee of Mansfield Manor on May 26, 2006.
In the complaint against Mansfield Manor, Blevins/Johnson asserted a claim for
intentional tort against Johnson’s employer, Mansfield Manor.
{¶51} Mansfield Manor filed a motion for summary judgment against
White/Heckerd on January 3, 2011. In its motion, Mansfield Manor argued Geraldine
Heckerd was a business invitee on the property on May 26, 2006 and as such, Richland County, Case No.12CA116 19
Mansfield Manor did not owe a duty to Geraldine Heckerd because Jerry Hartman’s
criminal act was not foreseeable. Mansfield Manor filed a supplemental motion for
summary judgment against White/Heckerd on December 22, 2011. In the motion,
Mansfield Manor argued White/Heckerd failed to argue Mansfield Manor was liable
under a theory of gross negligence.
{¶52} On November 14, 2012, the trial court issued a nunc pro tunc judgment
entry stating it granted summary judgment in favor of Mansfield Manor on
Blevins/Johnson’s claim of intentional tort. The trial court stated that in making its
earlier ruling granting summary judgment on the remainder of Blevins/Johnson’s claims,
it overlooked the intentional tort claim.
{¶53} A review of Mansfield Manor’s motion for summary judgment and
supplemental motion for summary judgment show that Mansfield Manor moved only for
judgment as a matter of law on the claims of White/Heckerd. Mansfield Manor did not
move for summary judgment on Blevins/Johnson’s claim for intentional tort.
{¶54} A trial court “may not sua sponte grant summary judgment premised on
issues not raised by the parties.” Wells Fargo v. Smith, 12th Dist. No. CA2012-04-006,
2013-Ohio-855, ¶ 52 quoting Safe Auto Ins. Co. v. Semenov, 12th Dist. No. CA2008–
10–123, 2009–Ohio–2334, ¶ 10 quoting Ranallo v. First Energy Corp., 11th Dist.
No.2005–L–187, 2006–Ohio–6105, ¶ 26. When seeking summary judgment, a party
must specifically delineate the basis upon which the motion is brought. Wells Fargo,
supra. Such specificity is necessary “in order to allow the opposing party a meaningful
opportunity to respond.” Patterson v. Ahmed, 176 Ohio App.3d 596, 2008–Ohio–632 Richland County, Case No.12CA116 20
(6th Dist.), ¶ 13, quoting Mitseff v. Wheeler, 38 Ohio St.3d 112, 526 N.E.2d 798 (1988),
syllabus.
{¶55} The Assignment of Error of Plaintiff-Appellant Louise Blevins, Jr.,
Administrator to the Estate of Allison R. Johnson (Case No. 12CA116) as to the
November 14, 2012 judgment entry is sustained. The November 14, 2012 judgment
entry granting summary judgment in favor of Mansfield Manor on Blevins/Johnson’s
claim for intentional tort is reversed. Case No. 12CA116 is remanded to the trial court
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion and law. Richland County, Case No.12CA116 21
CONCLUSION
{¶56} As to Plaintiff-Appellant Louise Blevins, Jr., Administrator to the Estate of
Allison R. Johnson (Case No. 12CA116), we make the following rulings:
{¶57} The October 15, 2012 judgment entry granting summary judgment in favor
of Defendant-Appellee Jeffrey L. Hartman, Administrator of the Estate of Richard
Hartman is affirmed.
{¶58} The November 14, 2012 judgment entry granting summary judgment in
favor of Defendant-Appellee Mansfield-Richland, Morrow Counties Policy Committee of
the Total Operation Against Poverty, Inc. is reversed. The matter is remanded to the
Richland County Court of Common Pleas for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion and law.
By: Delaney, J.,
Hoffman, P.J. and
Baldwin, J., concur.
HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN
HON. CRAIG R. BALDWIN
PAD:kgb