Blanco v. Wormuth

CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedAugust 27, 2024
DocketCivil Action No. 2022-1883
StatusPublished

This text of Blanco v. Wormuth (Blanco v. Wormuth) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, District of Columbia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Blanco v. Wormuth, (D.D.C. 2024).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

DAVID A. BLANCO, : : Plaintiff, : Civil Action No.: 22-1883 (RC) : v. : Re Document Nos.: 22, 30 : CHRISTINE E. WORMUTH, : : Defendant. :

MEMORANDUM OPINION

DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND EXPENSES; DENYING PLAINTIFF’S SUPPLEMENTAL MOTION FOR ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND EXPENSES

I. INTRODUCTION

David Blanco filed suit against Christine Wormuth, in her official capacity as Secretary

of the Army (“the Army”), claiming that the Army Board for the Correction of Military Records

(“ABCMR”) violated the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) by denying his application to

remove certain adverse information from his military records. The Court subsequently granted

Blanco’s motion for summary judgment, denied the Army’s cross-motion for summary

judgment, remanded the case to the ABCMR to “reassess Plaintiff’s claims within the next 180

days,” Blanco v. Wormuth, No. 22-cv-1883, 2023 WL 6809940, at *8 (D.D.C. Oct. 16, 2023),

and ordered the parties to submit a status report within fourteen days of the ABCMR’s

reconsidered decision, Order at 1, ECF No. 20. Following the Court’s remand order, Blanco

filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C.

§ 2412(d)(1)(A). He filed a supplemental motion for additional fees and costs after the ABCMR

rendered a decision favorable to him on remand. For the reasons that follow, the Court denies

both motions. II. BACKGROUND

The Court’s earlier opinion described the background of this case in detail. See Blanco,

2023 WL 6809940, at *1–3. The ensuing discussion will therefore relate only those details that

are relevant at this stage in the proceedings or otherwise most central to the case.

Blanco, a former enlisted soldier and, later, officer, in the U.S. Army Reserves, was

“allegedly found sleeping while on duty and then willfully disobeyed an order to stand ‘at ease’”

while serving a combat tour in Afghanistan in 2004. Id. at *1. That was “not the first time

Blanco had been accused of sleeping while on duty” and thus he “was issued a non-judicial

punishment (“NJP”) under Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.” Id. Several

years later, “[w]hile attending the Infantry Basic Officer Leadership Course,” Blanco and a

group of students went out to dinner. Id. At the restaurant, Blanco videotaped one of the

students—a visiting officer from Afghanistan—eating ribs. Id. Unbeknownst to the visiting

officer (who was Muslim), the ribs were made of pork, and Blanco hoped to elicit and record a

“funny” reaction when the visiting officer learned that fact. Id. For this, Blanco was issued a

general officer memorandum of reprimand (“GOMOR”) for “conduct unbecoming of an officer

for exercising extreme insensitivity toward the religious practices of an Afghan officer.” Id.

In May 2020, Blanco petitioned the ABCMR to remove the NJP and the GOMOR from

his military record. Id. at *3. Nearly two years later, the ABCMR denied Blanco’s request. Id.

Dissatisfied with the ABCMR’s decision, Blanco filed suit in federal court. Id. at *4. Generally

speaking, Blanco claimed that the ABCMR violated the APA by denying his petition without

considering or resolving his arguments. See id. at *5–6; see also Compl. ¶ 38, ECF No. 1 (“The

[ABCMR] concluded, without discussion or support for its reasons, that criteria for removal of

2 the GOMOR was not met.”); id. ¶ 48 (“The [ABCMR] failed to consider or specifically address

whether the criteria for removal of the NJP were met.”).

The parties cross-moved for summary judgment. See Pl.’s Mot. for Summ. J., ECF No.

11; Def.’s Cross-Mot. for Summ. J., ECF No. 13. Upon review of the parties’ motions and the

ABCMR’s decision, the Court agreed with Blanco that the ABCMR had failed to engage with

non-frivolous arguments that Blanco had raised in his petition. See Blanco, 2023 WL 6809940,

at *6–7. The Court explained that the ABCMR had “scarcely grapple[d] with any of Blanco’s

evidence, which the ABCMR spen[t] 18 of 19 pages simply recounting or parroting before

rejecting.” See id. at *5. Ultimately, “because the ABCMR did not address certain of Blanco’s

arguments that appear to be non-frivolous and potentially meritorious,” the Court held that the

agency’s decision was “arbitrary and capricious.” Id. at *8. Although the Court “d[id] not take a

position on the substance of Blanco’s [underlying] request for relief”—his request that adverse

information be stricken from his military record—the Court “remand[ed] the matter to the

ABCMR” for reconsideration. Id. In doing so, the Court further ordered that the ABCMR

“reassess [Blanco’s] claims within the next 180 days.” Id. And it ordered the parties to file a

joint status report fourteen days “after the agency renders a decision.” Order at 1.

After successfully obtaining remand, Blanco filed this motion to recover fees and

expenses. See Pl.’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees and Expenses Under the Equal Access to Justice

Act (“Pl.’s Mot.”), ECF No. 22. The Army opposed Blanco’s request for fees, see Def.’s Mem.

in Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees (“Def.’s Opp’n”), ECF No. 28, and Blanco filed a

reply, see Mem. of P. & A. in Reply to Def.’s Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees (“Pl.’s

Reply”), ECF No. 29. While Blanco’s motion was pending, the ABCMR, on remand, granted

Blanco the relief he sought on the merits. See Pl.’s Reply at 2. Blanco thereafter filed a

3 supplemental motion for attorneys’ fees and expenses, see Pl.’s Suppl. Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees

and Expenses Under the Equal Access to Justice Act (“Pl.’s Suppl. Mot.”), ECF No. 30, which

the Army again opposed, see Def.’s Opp’n to Pl.’s Suppl. Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees and

Expenses, ECF No. 31. Blanco’s motions are ripe for review.

III. LEGAL STANDARD

The Equal Access to Justice Act (“EAJA”) allows a plaintiff “to obtain expenses in

litigation against the federal government.” Select Milk Producers, Inc. v. Johanns, 400 F.3d 939,

941 (D.C. Cir. 2005). Specifically, the statute authorizes courts to “award to a prevailing party

other than the United States fees and other expenses . . . incurred by that party in any civil action

. . . , unless the court finds that the position of the United States was substantially justified or that

special circumstances make an award unjust.” 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A). To recover attorneys’

fees, costs, and expenses under the EAJA, a claimant must therefore show “(1) that the claimant

[was] a ‘prevailing party’; (2) that the government’s position was not ‘substantially justified’; (3)

that no ‘special circumstances make an award unjust’; and, (4) that pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 2412(d)(2)(B), [the claimant] satisf[ies] all of the EAJA’s threshold eligibility requirements.”

Am. Great Lakes Ports Ass’n v. Zukunft, No. 16-cv-1019, 2021 WL 878891, at *2 (D.D.C. Mar.

9, 2021) (quoting Ctr. for Food Safety v. Burwell, 126 F. Supp. 3d 114, 119 (D.D.C. 2015)). If

the court finds that all four prongs are met, “[i]t remains for the district court to determine what

fee is ‘reasonable.’” Comm’r, INS v.

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