Blake v. Cannon

439 S.E.2d 302, 312 S.C. 135
CourtCourt of Appeals of South Carolina
DecidedDecember 18, 1993
Docket2105
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 439 S.E.2d 302 (Blake v. Cannon) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Blake v. Cannon, 439 S.E.2d 302, 312 S.C. 135 (S.C. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

Cureton, Judge:

Gary and Linda Blake brought this action seeking an order requiring Marion Cannon, Trustee, to endorse a $75,000 insurance settlement check, and to declare them the sole owners of the insurance proceeds. Alternatively, the Blakes sought to use the proceeds to pay their attorney, John Clarke, who obtained the settlement. The master held Cannon, as loss payee, was entitled to all of the proceeds, and refused to withhold any portion for Clarke’s fees. The Blakes appeal. We affirm.

In July 1988, the Blakes bought the Journey’s End Motel in Garden City, South Carolina. They assumed an existing mortgage to C & S Family Credit, Inc. They also borrowed an additional $282,087 from Cannon, and secured the note with a second mortgage and security agreement in favor of Cannon. The security agreement required the Blakes to maintain insurance on the property, and assign all proceeds to Cannon. Cannon assigned a portion of the mortgage payments to Fleet Finance, Inc.

In July 1989, Fleet Finance, Inc. instituted a foreclosure action on the property, as assignee of the rights assigned to it by Cannon.

The property was severely damaged by Hurricane Hugo on September 22, 1989. In February 1990, C & S Family Credit also brought a foreclosure action to foreclose its mortgage.

The Blakes recovered $250,000 on a flood insurance policy. The proceeds from this policy, by court order, were applied to [137]*137the debt owed C & S Family Credit. The property was subsequently sold at public sale, and the proceeds distributed pursuant to a court order. Cannon thereafter received a deficiency judgment against the Blakes for $194,300 in October 1991.

In the meantime, the Blakes received $30,863 in proceeds from a fire insurance policy with Northwestern National Casualty Company. Although Cannon was listed as a mortgage holder on the policy, the proceeds check did not include him as a payee, and the Blakes negotiated the check without informing Cannon or applying the proceeds to the mortgage debt. Mr. Blake testified the check included only he and his wife’s names because it represented a loss for personal property.

The Blakes also sought recovery on a $300,000 policy with the South Carolina Wind and Hail Underwriting Association.1 The Association offered a settlement of $3,640, which the Blakes refused. The Blakes negotiated further with the Association without success.2 The policy stated that any action had to be brought within one year of the loss, so on September 15, 1990 the Blakes asked their attorney, John Clarke, to negotiate a settlement on a contingency basis. Clarke obtained a $75,000 settlement. The settlement check was made out to the Blakes, Clarke, C & S Family Credit, and Cannon, although Clarke had requested the insurer make the check payable only to the Blakes and himself.

The Blakes did not inform Cannon of the settlement negotiations; however, Cannon did contact the Association directly and was assured the claim had been properly filed. After the settlement, Cannon maintained the entire proceeds should be applied to the deficiency judgment, without deducting Clarke’s fees.

The master noted that Cannon was entitled to the $30,863 in proceeds from the Northwestern policy, and the Blakes improperly retained them. The master went on to find that [138]*138Clarke was aware of Cannon’s status as lienholder, and Clarke failed to inform Cannon of the settlement negotiations. The master found “Clarke therefore represented only the Blakes, risking that if the Blakes would not be entitled to the proceeds, the proceeds would not be the source of his fee.” The master granted Cannon all rights to the $75,000, plus accrued interest.

I.

On appeal, the Blakes argue generally that Clarke is entitled to attorney’s fees from the insurance proceeds. Specifically, they argue the master erred in finding the Blakes lacked standing to maintain an equitable lien in favor of Clarke, and that the master erred in focusing simply on the rights of the Blakes and Cannon.3 It appears from a review of the record the parties by consent tried the issue of Clarke’s entitlement to attorney fees. We find no reference to the standing issue raised at trial when the master stated that he would decide whether Cannon or the Blakes were entitled to the $75,000 settlement and also whether Clarke was entitled to an attorney fee from the settlement. Moreover, we observe Clarke personally argued his entitlement to an attorney fee and submitted to cross-examination. Equity regards substance over form. Wilkie v. Philadelphia Life Ins. Co., 187 S.C. 382, 388, 197 S.E. 375, 378 (1938). However, in view of our subsequent finding that Clarke had no equitable lien to an attorney fee, we need not address this argument further.

II.

We agree with the master, that under the facts of this case, Cannon is not responsible for Clarke’s attorney fees and costs. The master rejected the Blakes’ argument that he “superinduce” a contract upon Cannon, as Trustee, in reliance upon Rankin v. Superior Auto. Ins. Co. of Florence, 237 S.C. 380, 117 S.E. (2d) 525 (1960) and the Petition of Crum, 196 S.C. 528, 14 S.E. (2d) 21 (1941). We adopt the master’s order in declining to adopt the argument:

[?]*?In Rankin, the court stated that,

“The simple fact that [an attorney’s] services had enured to the benefit of others, with whom there is no contract relation, either directly or through some agent or representative, affords no legal foundation for a charge against other persons.” “No one can legally claim compensation for voluntary services to another, however beneficial they may be, nor for incidental benefits and advantages to one, flowing to him on account of services rendered to another, by whom he may have been employed. Before legal charge can be sustained, there must be a contract of employment either expressly made or superinduced by the law upon the facts.” Rankin v. Superior Automobile Insurance Company of Florence, 237 S.C. 380, 117 S.E. (2d) 525, 527 (1960).
For attorney’s fees to be charged to a fund in which others are entitled to share, essential conditions must be met. These conditions as set forth in Petition of Crum, id., include:
1. That the attorney must preserve or protect a common fund;
2. That the attorney’s services must have aided in creating, preserving or protecting the fund; and
3. That there is a principle of representation or agency as in a class suit, that is, before one may be allowed compensation out of a common fund belonging to others for services rendered on behalf of the common interest there must be a contract of employment, either expressly made or superinduced by the law upon the facts.
Caughman v. Caughman, 247 S.C. 104, 146 S.E. (2d) 93, 96 (1965); citing, Petition of Crum, 196 S.C. 528, 14 S.E. (2d) 21 (1941). The facts of this case fail to meet the criteria. The Blakes’ attorney represented the Blakes only, and his efforts on behalf of the Blakes conferred no benefit upon Cannon as Trustee that he did not already possess.
Additionally, [and importantly] as a result of previous and ongoing lawsuits between the Blakes and Cannon in

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Bluebook (online)
439 S.E.2d 302, 312 S.C. 135, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/blake-v-cannon-scctapp-1993.