COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Beales, AtLee and Senior Judge Bumgardner UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Norfolk, Virginia
BJ’S WHOLESALE CLUB, INC. MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 1700-16-1 JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III APRIL 4, 2017 ROSE M. McCARRON
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Marilyn N. Harvey (Robert A. Rapaport; Clarke, Dolph, Rapaport, Hull & Brunick, PLC on brief), for appellant.
Matthew H. Kraft for appellee.
BJ’s Wholesale Club appeals the majority decision of the Workers’ Compensation
Commission that it was only entitled to a credit of $363.16 for overpayments made to Rose
McCarron. It contends McCarron should not have received any temporary total disability
benefits because she worked at another job after her injury at BJ’s and she was not entitled to
temporary partial disability benefits because she had not marketed her residual capacity for work.
Finding no error in the Commission’s ruling, we affirm.
McCarron was a fifty-one-year-old high school graduate, who worked as a bakery
manager at BJ’s. She earned an average weekly wage of $635.49. On May 2, 2012, McCarron
was injured on the job when she was hit by a forklift and crushed into a freezer. She injured her
right shoulder, lower back, and both knees. The Commission awarded her lifetime medical
benefits and temporary total disability benefits of $368.98 per week beginning May 3, 2012.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. While employed at BJ’s, McCarron also worked as a custodian at St. Gregory’s, a
catholic school. She had worked there for about ten years and was a full-time employee when
injured at BJ’s. She continued to work at the school after she was injured and earned an average
weekly wage of $564.29.1 McCarron told a claims adjustor for BJ’s insurance carrier that she
worked at St. Gregory’s but did not notify BJ’s or the carrier when she received increases from
that employment.
When McCarron was released to full-duty work on June 7, 2013, BJ’s sought to terminate
the total disability payments. It later applied for a credit of all benefits paid based on McCarron
not having reported her increased earnings from St. Gregory’s.
The deputy commissioner held that BJ’s was due a credit for all benefit payments made
to McCarron. He reasoned that her full-time employment at St. Gregory’s showed she was
capable of light-duty work which required her to market her residual capacity for work. The
deputy commissioner ruled BJ’s was entitled to recoup all benefits paid to McCarron, finding
that she had not marketed her residual capacity.
McCarron appealed, and the Commission, with dissent, held BJ’s was only entitled to a
credit for overpayments due to McCarron’s failure to report her increased earnings from
St. Gregory’s and not a credit for all compensation paid. On remand, the deputy commissioner
then calculated that $6.76 per week was due from May 2 through December 31, 2012 and $5.73
per week was due from January 1 through July 6, 2013.2 The total credit allowed was $363.16.
1 McCarron received an increase in her hourly wage from $10.50 to $11.30, effective July 1, 2012. She received another increase to $11.53 per hour, effective July 1, 2013. In addition to her regular forty-hour work week, McCarron also worked some overtime hours. 2 The July date was a scrivener’s error, as the record established the correct date was June 6, 2013. -2- On appeal the Commission again concluded that BJ’s was not entitled to a credit for all
benefits paid to McCarron, holding that such a remedy was not available under Code § 65.2-712.
The Commission found the deputy commissioner correctly calculated the credit. This appeal
followed.
Under well-established principles, this Court construes the evidence in the record, and all
reasonable inferences, in the light most favorable to McCarron, the party that prevailed below.
See Stillwell v. Lewis Tree Serv., Inc., 47 Va. App. 471, 474, 624 S.E.2d 681, 682 (2006).
Questions of statutory interpretation are reviewed de novo. See, e.g., Giles v. Commonwealth,
277 Va. 369, 373, 672 S.E.2d 879, 882 (2009).
Code § 65.2-712 was enacted to “impose[] a singular duty upon the employee” to report
changes in circumstances that affected the amount of benefits received. Brushy Ridge Coal Co.
v. Blevins, 6 Va. App. 73, 79, 367 S.E.2d 204, 207 (1988). It provides that as long as an
employee receives workers’ compensation benefits, she “shall have a duty immediately to
disclose” to the employer or insurer “any . . . return to employment, [or] increase in [her]
earnings.” Further, “[a]ny payment” made to the employee that the Commission later determines
was “procured by the employee . . . by fraud, misrepresentation, or failure to report any . . .
return to employment, [or] increase in earnings . . . may be recovered” from the employee “either
by way of credit against future compensation payments due the [employee] or by action at law
against the [employee].”
McCarron was entitled to be compensated for her injury on the job at BJ’s. See, e.g.,
McKellar v. Northrop Grumman Shipbldg, Inc., 290 Va. 349, 355, 777 S.E.2d 857, 860 (2015)
(purpose of Workers’ Compensation Act is to compensate employees for accidental injuries
incurred at the workplace). While she was employed at BJ’s, she also worked at St. Gregory’s.
Under the dissimilar employment rule, only McCarron’s earnings from BJ’s were considered in
-3- calculating her average weekly wage. See Mercy Tidewater Ambulance v. Carpenter, 29
Va. App. 218, 224, 511 S.E.2d 418, 421 (1999) (“Virginia follows the majority rule that when an
employee is injured on one job while in concurrent employment, the average weekly wage
compensated is based on the combined earnings of both jobs if, but only if, the employments are
related or similar.” (quoting Frederick Fire and Rescue v. Dodson, 20 Va. App. 440, 443, 457
S.E.2d 783, 784 (1995))).
Under Code § 65.2-712, BJ’s was entitled to recover the amount overpaid based on a
failure to report a return to employment or to an increase in earnings. See City of Fairfax v.
Massey, 11 Va. App. 238, 242, 397 S.E.2d 679, 681-82 (1990) (construing credit allowed under
Code § 65.1-100.3, predecessor of Code § 65.2-712, as “limited to the amount the employee
receives in excess of that which he or she should have received had he or she reported the return
to employment or the increase in earnings”), reh’g denied, 11 Va. App. 680, 401 S.E.2d 439
(1991).
In Massey, a firefighter was injured on his job with the City of Fairfax and was awarded
temporary total disability benefits. See id. at 240, 397 S.E.2d at 680. His wages from a
dissimilar part-time job with a private company were not considered in calculating his benefit.
See id.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Beales, AtLee and Senior Judge Bumgardner UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Norfolk, Virginia
BJ’S WHOLESALE CLUB, INC. MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 1700-16-1 JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III APRIL 4, 2017 ROSE M. McCARRON
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Marilyn N. Harvey (Robert A. Rapaport; Clarke, Dolph, Rapaport, Hull & Brunick, PLC on brief), for appellant.
Matthew H. Kraft for appellee.
BJ’s Wholesale Club appeals the majority decision of the Workers’ Compensation
Commission that it was only entitled to a credit of $363.16 for overpayments made to Rose
McCarron. It contends McCarron should not have received any temporary total disability
benefits because she worked at another job after her injury at BJ’s and she was not entitled to
temporary partial disability benefits because she had not marketed her residual capacity for work.
Finding no error in the Commission’s ruling, we affirm.
McCarron was a fifty-one-year-old high school graduate, who worked as a bakery
manager at BJ’s. She earned an average weekly wage of $635.49. On May 2, 2012, McCarron
was injured on the job when she was hit by a forklift and crushed into a freezer. She injured her
right shoulder, lower back, and both knees. The Commission awarded her lifetime medical
benefits and temporary total disability benefits of $368.98 per week beginning May 3, 2012.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. While employed at BJ’s, McCarron also worked as a custodian at St. Gregory’s, a
catholic school. She had worked there for about ten years and was a full-time employee when
injured at BJ’s. She continued to work at the school after she was injured and earned an average
weekly wage of $564.29.1 McCarron told a claims adjustor for BJ’s insurance carrier that she
worked at St. Gregory’s but did not notify BJ’s or the carrier when she received increases from
that employment.
When McCarron was released to full-duty work on June 7, 2013, BJ’s sought to terminate
the total disability payments. It later applied for a credit of all benefits paid based on McCarron
not having reported her increased earnings from St. Gregory’s.
The deputy commissioner held that BJ’s was due a credit for all benefit payments made
to McCarron. He reasoned that her full-time employment at St. Gregory’s showed she was
capable of light-duty work which required her to market her residual capacity for work. The
deputy commissioner ruled BJ’s was entitled to recoup all benefits paid to McCarron, finding
that she had not marketed her residual capacity.
McCarron appealed, and the Commission, with dissent, held BJ’s was only entitled to a
credit for overpayments due to McCarron’s failure to report her increased earnings from
St. Gregory’s and not a credit for all compensation paid. On remand, the deputy commissioner
then calculated that $6.76 per week was due from May 2 through December 31, 2012 and $5.73
per week was due from January 1 through July 6, 2013.2 The total credit allowed was $363.16.
1 McCarron received an increase in her hourly wage from $10.50 to $11.30, effective July 1, 2012. She received another increase to $11.53 per hour, effective July 1, 2013. In addition to her regular forty-hour work week, McCarron also worked some overtime hours. 2 The July date was a scrivener’s error, as the record established the correct date was June 6, 2013. -2- On appeal the Commission again concluded that BJ’s was not entitled to a credit for all
benefits paid to McCarron, holding that such a remedy was not available under Code § 65.2-712.
The Commission found the deputy commissioner correctly calculated the credit. This appeal
followed.
Under well-established principles, this Court construes the evidence in the record, and all
reasonable inferences, in the light most favorable to McCarron, the party that prevailed below.
See Stillwell v. Lewis Tree Serv., Inc., 47 Va. App. 471, 474, 624 S.E.2d 681, 682 (2006).
Questions of statutory interpretation are reviewed de novo. See, e.g., Giles v. Commonwealth,
277 Va. 369, 373, 672 S.E.2d 879, 882 (2009).
Code § 65.2-712 was enacted to “impose[] a singular duty upon the employee” to report
changes in circumstances that affected the amount of benefits received. Brushy Ridge Coal Co.
v. Blevins, 6 Va. App. 73, 79, 367 S.E.2d 204, 207 (1988). It provides that as long as an
employee receives workers’ compensation benefits, she “shall have a duty immediately to
disclose” to the employer or insurer “any . . . return to employment, [or] increase in [her]
earnings.” Further, “[a]ny payment” made to the employee that the Commission later determines
was “procured by the employee . . . by fraud, misrepresentation, or failure to report any . . .
return to employment, [or] increase in earnings . . . may be recovered” from the employee “either
by way of credit against future compensation payments due the [employee] or by action at law
against the [employee].”
McCarron was entitled to be compensated for her injury on the job at BJ’s. See, e.g.,
McKellar v. Northrop Grumman Shipbldg, Inc., 290 Va. 349, 355, 777 S.E.2d 857, 860 (2015)
(purpose of Workers’ Compensation Act is to compensate employees for accidental injuries
incurred at the workplace). While she was employed at BJ’s, she also worked at St. Gregory’s.
Under the dissimilar employment rule, only McCarron’s earnings from BJ’s were considered in
-3- calculating her average weekly wage. See Mercy Tidewater Ambulance v. Carpenter, 29
Va. App. 218, 224, 511 S.E.2d 418, 421 (1999) (“Virginia follows the majority rule that when an
employee is injured on one job while in concurrent employment, the average weekly wage
compensated is based on the combined earnings of both jobs if, but only if, the employments are
related or similar.” (quoting Frederick Fire and Rescue v. Dodson, 20 Va. App. 440, 443, 457
S.E.2d 783, 784 (1995))).
Under Code § 65.2-712, BJ’s was entitled to recover the amount overpaid based on a
failure to report a return to employment or to an increase in earnings. See City of Fairfax v.
Massey, 11 Va. App. 238, 242, 397 S.E.2d 679, 681-82 (1990) (construing credit allowed under
Code § 65.1-100.3, predecessor of Code § 65.2-712, as “limited to the amount the employee
receives in excess of that which he or she should have received had he or she reported the return
to employment or the increase in earnings”), reh’g denied, 11 Va. App. 680, 401 S.E.2d 439
(1991).
In Massey, a firefighter was injured on his job with the City of Fairfax and was awarded
temporary total disability benefits. See id. at 240, 397 S.E.2d at 680. His wages from a
dissimilar part-time job with a private company were not considered in calculating his benefit.
See id. About one year after his injury, the employee returned to work with the private employer
and was paid a higher hourly wage than he had received previously. See id. The Commission
found the employee was able to increase his hours at his part-time job because he was no longer
employed with the city, and thus, the city was entitled to a credit for the increased earnings. See
id. However, the city did not receive an actual credit because the employee was still eligible for
temporary partial disability benefits and received the same amount of compensation whether he
was on total or partial disability. See id. at 243, 397 S.E.2d at 681.
-4- We reject BJ’s argument that Code § 65.2-712 allows full recoupment of all monies paid
to McCarron from the date of her injury until she was released for full-time duty. The clear
intent of Code § 65.2-712 is to allow the recovery of overpayments when an unreported change
in the employee’s circumstances, occurring after entry of the initial benefits award, results in
recalculating the amount due the employee.
McCarron did not “return to employment” at St. Gregory’s because she was continually
employed at St. Gregory’s. The record indicates McCarron told the insurer’s claims adjustor she
had a second job. She testified at the evidentiary hearing before the deputy commissioner on
March 13, 2014 that the insurer had not asked specifically about her earnings from St. Gregory’s
and she had not known she was required to produce information about her wages. Code
§ 65.2-712 did not require her to report her employment at the dissimilar job because it was not a
change of circumstance to what existed when the award of temporary total benefits was entered.
BJ’s could have pursued information about McCarron’s job at St. Gregory’s at the time
the compensation award was made. It cannot now use that dissimilar employment to allege she
should have not received any benefits. The Commission did not find there had been allegations
or findings of fraud or misrepresentation in the case. Where the language in a statute is plain, a
court may not interpret it to mean something other than what is actually stated. See Britt
Construction v. Magazzine Clean, LLC, 271 Va. 58, 62-63, 623 S.E.2d 886, 888 (2006). The
Workers’ Compensation Act is to be liberally construed in accord with its “humanitarian
purpose” to compensate injured employees. Ceres Marine Terminals v. Armstrong, 59 Va. App.
694, 702, 722 S.E.2d 301, 306 (2012).
McCarron received a larger benefit payment than she would have received if information
about her increased earnings from St. Gregory’s had been known. If an employee, as here, has
an increase in earnings from concurrent, dissimilar employment, the employee must report the
-5- increased earnings and the amount of her benefit is adjusted accordingly. See Massey, 11
Va. App. at 242, 397 S.E.2d at 681-82; see also Collins v. Dept. of Alcoholic Beverage Comm.,
21 Va. App. 671, 678, 467 S.E.2d 279, 282 (finding “no specific statute authorized Commission
to grant retrospective relief to employer” filing motion to vacate award entered pursuant to
agreement with employee, but holding employer could recoup amount overpaid because
calculation was based on “mutual mistake” regarding employee’s weekly wage), aff’d en banc,
22 Va. App. 625, 472 S.E.2d 287 (1996).
The Commission’s ruling that BJ’s was entitled only to a credit based on the excess
amount that McCarron received due to her increased earnings at a dissimilar job was a correct
interpretation of Code § 65.2-712. Accordingly, we affirm.
Affirmed.
-6-