21-1553 Birch v. Wlody
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 3 New York, on the 10th day of May, two thousand twenty-two. 4 5 PRESENT: 6 BARRINGTON D. PARKER, 7 MICHAEL H. PARK, 8 EUNICE C. LEE, 9 Circuit Judges. 10 _____________________________________ 11 12 BIRCH FAMILY SERVICES, INC., 13 14 Plaintiff-Appellant, 15 16 v. 21-1553 17 18 JACK WLODY, CORINNE WLODY, 19 20 Defendants-Appellees. 21 _____________________________________ 22 23 FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: Robert L. Schonfeld, Garden City, NY. 24 25 FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES: E. Christopher Murray, Uniondale, NY. 26 27 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New
28 York (Irizarry, J.). 1 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
2 DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
3 Birch Family Services, Inc. (“Birch”) operates one-half of a residence in Queens as a home
4 for adults with disabilities (the “Birch Home”). Jack and Corinne Wlody live in the other half of
5 the residence and want the Birch Home shut down. For over five years, the Wlodys photographed
6 and videotaped Birch’s disabled residents and African-American staff to document excessive
7 noise, alleged abuse of the residents, and other complaints. The Wlodys’ complained to Birch and
8 the local government, and they sued Birch in state court. Right before a settlement conference,
9 Birch served the Wlodys with the complaint in this action, claiming that the Wlodys’ harassing
10 conduct amounts to housing discrimination based on the disabilities of the residents and the race
11 of the staff in violation of the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), 42 U.S.C. § 3617, and the New York
12 City Administrative Code § 8-107(19).
13 The Wlodys moved for summary judgment, and the district court granted their motion.
14 The district court concluded that although Birch made out a prima facie case of discrimination, the
15 Wlodys offered a nondiscriminatory reason for their conduct, and Birch failed to offer evidence
16 that the Wlodys’ reason was pretextual. After dismissing Birch’s FHA claim, the district court
17 also dismissed the state law claim on the merits. Birch appealed. We assume the parties’
18 familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
19 We review the entry of summary judgment de novo, “construing the evidence in the light
20 most favorable to the nonmoving party and drawing all reasonable inferences in [the nonmoving
21 party’s] favor.” McElwee v. County of Orange, 700 F.3d 635, 640 (2d Cir. 2012). The FHA
22 prohibits housing discrimination based on, among other protected characteristics, disability or
2 1 race. FHA claims are analyzed under the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas. See
2 Frazier v. Rominger, 27 F.3d 828, 831 (2d Cir. 1994).
3 We agree with the district court that the Wlodys met their burden of offering legitimate,
4 nondiscriminatory reasons for their conduct, and that Birch did not meet its burden of showing that
5 the Wlodys’ reasons were pretextual. The Wlodys’ proffered reason for videotaping and
6 photographing the Birch residents and staff was “solely to document wrongful conduct in the Birch
7 Home,” including “[Birch’s] staff abusing and not supervising the residents, noise complaints,
8 littering, idling vehicles in the street, and cars blocking the [Wlodys’] driveway.” Sp. App’x 20.
9 The Wlodys supported this reason with evidence. 1 They thus satisfied their “minimal burden of
10 production.” Mhany Mgmt., Inc. v. County of Nassau, 819 F.3d 581, 613 (2d Cir. 2016); see Dister
11 v. Cont’l Grp., Inc., 859 F.2d 1108, 1115 (2d Cir. 1988) (a defendant is “required to articulate—
12 but not prove—a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the [adverse action]”).
1 See, e.g., App’x 45 (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that when his complaints about Birch “fell on deaf ears,” he and Corrinne “began videotaping the behaviors of the staff and the interference with [their] living arrangement”); id. (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hese videos were not taken to intimidate the residents because of their disabilities, but to record the wrongful conduct of the Birch staff”); id. at 46 (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hough I am concerned with how Birch’s conduct has affected my ability, and the ability of my wife and mother, to enjoy our home, I am also motivated by the fact that I believe the staff at the Birch facility are abusing the residents”); id. at 41 (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “we observed staff abusing the residents at the Birch facility, and engaging in behavior that clearly infringed upon the use of our home,” and “[t]he Birch staff would park their cars so as to block our driveway, had parties at all hours of the night, and would scream and yell at the residents-using vulgar terms such as calling them retards and savages, and would spew garbage over our lawn”); id. (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “the Birch staff does not properly supervise the residents,” they “allow residents to wander the neighborhood alone” and “leave the residents in running cars unattended”); id. at 41–42 (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hese videos were to document the wrongful conduct by Birch” and “[t]here was no desire to intimidate or embarrass the residents of the Birch facility, but to the contrary, we were trying to protect them”); id. at 282–83 (email from the Wlodys to Birch complaining about garbage, their blocked driveway, and noise); id. at 285 (email from the Wlodys to Birch complaining about their blocked driveway and noise); id. at 303 (email from Corinne Wlody to Birch complaining that a resident “was screaming bloody murder,” causing a client to get scared and think “someone was being abused”); id. at 320 (photographs of cars double parked); id. at 423–65 (video log).
3 1 The burden then shifted to Birch to prove that the Wlodys’ articulated reasons for their
2 conduct was pretext for discrimination. See Mitchell v. Shane, 350 F.3d 39, 47 (2d Cir. 2003).
3 Birch points to the video log and asserts that “none of those videos support [the Wlodys’] position
4 that the Birch staff engaged in wrongful conduct.” Appellant’s Br. 26. But the log supports many
5 of the Wlodys’ articulated reasons for their conduct. See, e.g., App’x 430 (staff not supervising
6 residents); id. at 426 (noise); id. at 430 (littering); id.
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21-1553 Birch v. Wlody
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of 3 New York, on the 10th day of May, two thousand twenty-two. 4 5 PRESENT: 6 BARRINGTON D. PARKER, 7 MICHAEL H. PARK, 8 EUNICE C. LEE, 9 Circuit Judges. 10 _____________________________________ 11 12 BIRCH FAMILY SERVICES, INC., 13 14 Plaintiff-Appellant, 15 16 v. 21-1553 17 18 JACK WLODY, CORINNE WLODY, 19 20 Defendants-Appellees. 21 _____________________________________ 22 23 FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: Robert L. Schonfeld, Garden City, NY. 24 25 FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES: E. Christopher Murray, Uniondale, NY. 26 27 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New
28 York (Irizarry, J.). 1 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
2 DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
3 Birch Family Services, Inc. (“Birch”) operates one-half of a residence in Queens as a home
4 for adults with disabilities (the “Birch Home”). Jack and Corinne Wlody live in the other half of
5 the residence and want the Birch Home shut down. For over five years, the Wlodys photographed
6 and videotaped Birch’s disabled residents and African-American staff to document excessive
7 noise, alleged abuse of the residents, and other complaints. The Wlodys’ complained to Birch and
8 the local government, and they sued Birch in state court. Right before a settlement conference,
9 Birch served the Wlodys with the complaint in this action, claiming that the Wlodys’ harassing
10 conduct amounts to housing discrimination based on the disabilities of the residents and the race
11 of the staff in violation of the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), 42 U.S.C. § 3617, and the New York
12 City Administrative Code § 8-107(19).
13 The Wlodys moved for summary judgment, and the district court granted their motion.
14 The district court concluded that although Birch made out a prima facie case of discrimination, the
15 Wlodys offered a nondiscriminatory reason for their conduct, and Birch failed to offer evidence
16 that the Wlodys’ reason was pretextual. After dismissing Birch’s FHA claim, the district court
17 also dismissed the state law claim on the merits. Birch appealed. We assume the parties’
18 familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
19 We review the entry of summary judgment de novo, “construing the evidence in the light
20 most favorable to the nonmoving party and drawing all reasonable inferences in [the nonmoving
21 party’s] favor.” McElwee v. County of Orange, 700 F.3d 635, 640 (2d Cir. 2012). The FHA
22 prohibits housing discrimination based on, among other protected characteristics, disability or
2 1 race. FHA claims are analyzed under the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas. See
2 Frazier v. Rominger, 27 F.3d 828, 831 (2d Cir. 1994).
3 We agree with the district court that the Wlodys met their burden of offering legitimate,
4 nondiscriminatory reasons for their conduct, and that Birch did not meet its burden of showing that
5 the Wlodys’ reasons were pretextual. The Wlodys’ proffered reason for videotaping and
6 photographing the Birch residents and staff was “solely to document wrongful conduct in the Birch
7 Home,” including “[Birch’s] staff abusing and not supervising the residents, noise complaints,
8 littering, idling vehicles in the street, and cars blocking the [Wlodys’] driveway.” Sp. App’x 20.
9 The Wlodys supported this reason with evidence. 1 They thus satisfied their “minimal burden of
10 production.” Mhany Mgmt., Inc. v. County of Nassau, 819 F.3d 581, 613 (2d Cir. 2016); see Dister
11 v. Cont’l Grp., Inc., 859 F.2d 1108, 1115 (2d Cir. 1988) (a defendant is “required to articulate—
12 but not prove—a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the [adverse action]”).
1 See, e.g., App’x 45 (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that when his complaints about Birch “fell on deaf ears,” he and Corrinne “began videotaping the behaviors of the staff and the interference with [their] living arrangement”); id. (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hese videos were not taken to intimidate the residents because of their disabilities, but to record the wrongful conduct of the Birch staff”); id. at 46 (Jack Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hough I am concerned with how Birch’s conduct has affected my ability, and the ability of my wife and mother, to enjoy our home, I am also motivated by the fact that I believe the staff at the Birch facility are abusing the residents”); id. at 41 (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “we observed staff abusing the residents at the Birch facility, and engaging in behavior that clearly infringed upon the use of our home,” and “[t]he Birch staff would park their cars so as to block our driveway, had parties at all hours of the night, and would scream and yell at the residents-using vulgar terms such as calling them retards and savages, and would spew garbage over our lawn”); id. (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “the Birch staff does not properly supervise the residents,” they “allow residents to wander the neighborhood alone” and “leave the residents in running cars unattended”); id. at 41–42 (Corinne Wlody affidavit stating that “[t]hese videos were to document the wrongful conduct by Birch” and “[t]here was no desire to intimidate or embarrass the residents of the Birch facility, but to the contrary, we were trying to protect them”); id. at 282–83 (email from the Wlodys to Birch complaining about garbage, their blocked driveway, and noise); id. at 285 (email from the Wlodys to Birch complaining about their blocked driveway and noise); id. at 303 (email from Corinne Wlody to Birch complaining that a resident “was screaming bloody murder,” causing a client to get scared and think “someone was being abused”); id. at 320 (photographs of cars double parked); id. at 423–65 (video log).
3 1 The burden then shifted to Birch to prove that the Wlodys’ articulated reasons for their
2 conduct was pretext for discrimination. See Mitchell v. Shane, 350 F.3d 39, 47 (2d Cir. 2003).
3 Birch points to the video log and asserts that “none of those videos support [the Wlodys’] position
4 that the Birch staff engaged in wrongful conduct.” Appellant’s Br. 26. But the log supports many
5 of the Wlodys’ articulated reasons for their conduct. See, e.g., App’x 430 (staff not supervising
6 residents); id. at 426 (noise); id. at 430 (littering); id. at 428 (idling vehicles in the street); id. (cars
7 blocking driveway). And Jack Wlody testified in his deposition that he witnessed “abuse outside
8 the Birch residence.” Id. at 507; see also id. at 521 (email from Wlodys to the New York Attorney
9 General Public Integrity Bureau asserting that Birch residents “are being abused”); id. at 523 (same
10 email to New York State Senator Joseph Addabbo, Jr.).
11 The only evidence that Birch cites of discriminatory animus related to the disabled
12 residents involves Corrine: first, she texted Birch stating “[i]t is as though we have moved into a
13 psych ward of a hospital,” id. at 475–76, and second, she texted “[w]e feel like we live next to an
14 asylum,” id. at 477–78. And the only evidence Birch cites of discriminatory animus related to the
15 African-American staff involves Jack and Corinne allegedly using derogatory racial epithets to
16 refer to Birch’s African-American staff. See id. at 402, 526. But this evidence, combined with the
17 fact that Birch did not show that the Wlodys’ proffered reasons were unworthy of credence, leads
18 to the conclusion that no rational jury could find that the Wlodys’ conduct of taking pictures and
19 videos was motivated by unlawful discrimination by a preponderance of the evidence. See
20 Mitchell, 350 F.3d at 47. We thus find that Birch did not meet its burden of demonstrating pretext
21 and affirm the district court’s entry of summary judgment on Birch’s FHA claim.
22 Finally, the district court properly dismissed Birch’s state claim on the merits. It could do
23 so in the exercise of its discretionary supplemental jurisdiction, see 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a), (c), and
4 1 doing so was efficient, as the standard for adjudicating a housing discrimination claim under New
2 York City Administrative Code § 8-107(19) is the same as under the FHA, see Haber v. ASN 50th
3 St. LLC, 847 F. Supp. 2d 578, 588 (S.D.N.Y. 2012).
4 We have considered the remainder of Birch’s arguments and find them to be without merit.
5 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
6 FOR THE COURT: 7 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court