Berhorst v. Maries County R-II School District

805 S.W.2d 696, 1991 Mo. App. LEXIS 159, 1991 WL 5994
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedJanuary 25, 1991
DocketNo. 16894
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 805 S.W.2d 696 (Berhorst v. Maries County R-II School District) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Berhorst v. Maries County R-II School District, 805 S.W.2d 696, 1991 Mo. App. LEXIS 159, 1991 WL 5994 (Mo. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

PREWITT, Judge.

Plaintiff was employed by defendant as a high school teacher from the 1985-86 through the 1987-88 school years. She was not offered a contract to teach there the next school year. Plaintiff filed a six-count petition, generally contending that she was improperly denied a teaching position. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of defendant on five counts and determined there was no just reason for delay, making that order appeal-able. Rule 74.01(b).

In reviewing summary judgment under Rule 74.04, this court examines the record in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment was rendered. Dulany v. Missouri Pacific R. Co., 766 S.W.2d 645, 647 (Mo.App.1988). Summary judgment is proper only when no genuine issue of material fact exists. Id.

Plaintiff’s contentions are discussed in the order stated in her brief. For her first point she contends that the trial court erred in entering summary judgment on Counts I and VI “because the facts material to the issue whether the board members considered plaintiff’s performance-based evaluation in the manner required by Section 168.128 [RSMo 1986] are in dispute”. Section 168.128 states:

Teacher records, how maintained— evaluations, how performed and maintained. — The board of education of each school district shall maintain records showing periods of service, dates of appointment, and other necessary information for the enforcement of sections 168.-102 to 168.130. In addition, the board of education of each school district shall cause a comprehensive, performance-based evaluation for each teacher employed by the district. Such evaluations shall be ongoing and of sufficient specificity and frequency to provide for demonstrated standards of competency and academic ability. All evaluations shall be maintained in the teacher’s personnel file at the office of the board of education. A copy of each evaluation shall be provided to the teacher and appropriate administrator. The state department of elementary and secondary education shall provide suggested procedures for such an evaluation.

Plaintiff’s evaluation by her principal showed her as meeting or exceeding defendant’s expectations on all performance criteria. The reasons given by defendant for not rehiring plaintiff conflict with her evaluation.

In her brief plaintiff states that “[t]he pivotal question raised by Berhorst’s lawsuit is whether a school district may ignore [698]*698a teacher’s performance-based evaluation that is mandated by Section 168.128 R.S.Mo. In Counts I and VI of her Petition, Berhorst alleges that the District’s disregard of her performance-based evaluation in reaching its decision not to renew her contract of employment violates that statutory provision.” Defendant counters that the school board did not have to base its decision on just the evaluation but could also consider “complaints by students, parents and other teachers and information from children of Board Members and administrators who were students in classes of Plaintiff.”

Plaintiff is a “probationary teacher” as defined in § 168.104(5), RSMo 1986. The term as defined is a teacher who has been employed full time in the school district for five successive years or less. Plaintiff acknowledges that prior to the enactment of § 168.128, 1983 Mo. Laws 451, a school board may decline to reemploy a probationary teacher “for any reason or no reason, as long as the non-renewal is not based on some ground impermissible under the Constitution.” St. Louis Teachers Union v. St. Louis Board of Education, 666 S.W.2d 25, 27 (Mo.App.1984).

Plaintiff asserts that the rule allowing defendant to refuse to reemploy her for any reason was modified by the enactment of § 168.128. She contends that as she had a favorable evaluation under that section, she could not properly be terminated for a reason contrary to that evaluation. She also states that § 168.126.2, RSMo 1986, which was amended in the same act by which § 168.128 was adopted, grants her a cause of action for violation of § 168.128. Section 168.126.2 states in part that “a probationary teacher” may have “an action for actual damages ... for the deprivation of a right conferred by this act.” 1

Assuming, but not deciding, that the evaluation required by § 168.128 is a “right” for which an action may be maintained, this does not establish that plaintiff has such a cause of action. Plaintiff received an evaluation favorable to her and her claim is not that the evaluation was erroneous but that it was ignored or found by the board to be erroneous. She contends that the legislature by enacting § 168.128 required that the evaluation be the criteria for reemployment as otherwise § 168.128 would be “virtually meaningless”. Plaintiff states that this section, “particularly when viewed in light of the State Department’s [Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education] interpretation of it in the Guidelines, requires that professionally administered performance-based evaluations serve as ‘a basis for fair, objective decision-making by local school districts.’ ”

Plaintiff argues that the interpretation of § 168.128 reflected by the Guidelines of the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education indicate defendant must follow the evaluations, citing authority that the construction of a statute by those charged with its administration is entitled to consideration by the courts. See State ex rel. School District of Kansas City v. Young, 519 S.W.2d 328, 333 (Mo.App.1975). That principle does not aid plaintiff as the Guidelines state that “[t]he ultimate goal of this evaluation model is to promote the improvement of instruction.” The Guidelines also provide that their primary purpose “is to facilitate and improve classroom instruction” and “may serve as the basis for administrative decision making.” Nowhere do they indicate that the evaluation must be considered in renewing contracts.

Plaintiff cites Wilt v. Flanigan, 294 S.E.2d 189 (W.Va.1982) and Trimboli v. Board of Education, 163 W.Va. 1, 254 S.E.2d 561 (1979). They are not helpful to plaintiff. They involved a specific West Virginia Board of Education policy which provided “that decisions about employees’ change in status ... should be based upon such evaluation.” Trimboli, 254 S.E.2d at 566.

Section 168.128 does not say that the evaluations are to be the only criteria within their scope, or even that they must be considered in determining employment. Had the legislature intended to so require [699]*699they could have easily done so. When construing a statute, the legislative intent is to be determined from the language used in the statute and the words are to be considered in their plain and ordinary meaning. In the Matter of C_E_R_, 796 S.W.2d 423, 424 (Mo.App.1990). Section 168.128 does not require that the evaluation pursuant to it be considered or followed in renewing the contract of a probationary teacher.

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Bluebook (online)
805 S.W.2d 696, 1991 Mo. App. LEXIS 159, 1991 WL 5994, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/berhorst-v-maries-county-r-ii-school-district-moctapp-1991.