Bergeron v. State

60 So. 3d 212, 2011 Miss. App. LEXIS 219, 2011 WL 1467764
CourtCourt of Appeals of Mississippi
DecidedApril 19, 2011
DocketNo. 2009-CA-01722-COA
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 60 So. 3d 212 (Bergeron v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Mississippi primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bergeron v. State, 60 So. 3d 212, 2011 Miss. App. LEXIS 219, 2011 WL 1467764 (Mich. Ct. App. 2011).

Opinion

BARNES, J.,

for the Court:

¶ 1. James Lynwood Bergeron appeals the Adams County Circuit Court’s denial of his motion for post-conviction relief, claiming that he was erroneously sentenced as a habitual offender. Upon review, we find that the record does not support Bergeron’s status as a habitual offender. We reverse the circuit court’s denial of the motion and remand this case for re-sentencing.

SUMMARY OF FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶ 2. On June 17, 2002, Bergeron was indicted on three counts: murder, possession of a stolen motor vehicle, and possession of a deadly weapon as a convicted felon. The indictment noted that Berger-on was a habitual offender under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 [214]*214(Rev.2000). Bergeron’s habitual-offender status was based upon two 1993 convictions from Georgia — burglary and theft by taking. These convictions were brought in a single indictment, and both crimes were committed in the same evening when Ber-geron broke into a car dealership, stole the keys to a vehicle, and moments later, drove the vehicle off the premises.

¶ 3. Bergeron pleaded guilty in Adams County to the charges of possession of a weapon and stolen property and was sentenced to three years and five years, respectively, with the sentences to run consecutively without reduction, suspension, or probation. In a jury trial held on November 15, 2002, Bergeron was convicted of the lesser offense of manslaughter. He was given the maximum sentence of twenty years based on his classification as a habitual offender. This sentence was ordered to run consecutively to the eight years resulting from his guilty-plea sentences.

¶ 4. On direct appeal, this Court upheld Bergeron’s conviction. See Bergeron v. State, 913 So.2d 997 (Miss.Ct.App.2005). However, on January 28, 2009, the Mississippi Supreme Court partially granted Bergeron’s application for leave to seek post-conviction relief on the sole issue of his classification as a habitual offender. Following a hearing, the Adams County Circuit Court denied Bergeron’s motion for post-conviction relief, and Bergeron now appeals.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶ 5. A denial of a motion for post-conviction relief will not be disturbed on appeal unless the circuit court’s “findings are clearly erroneous.” Rowland v. State, 42 So.3d 503, 506 (¶ 8) (Miss.2010) (citing Moore v. State, 986 So.2d 928, 932 (¶ 13) (Miss.2008)). “However, where questions of law are raised!,] the applicable standard of review is de novo.” Id.

Whether the circuit court erred in finding that Bergeron was a habitual offender under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81.

¶ 6. Bergeron asserts that the circuit court erred in sentencing him as a habitual offender under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81, which states:

Every person convicted in this state of a felony who shall have been convicted twice previously of any felony or federal crime upon charges separately brought and arising out of separate incidents at different times and who shall have been sentenced to separate terms of one (1) year or more in any state and/or federal penal institution, whether in this state or elsewhere, shall be sentenced to the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed for such felony, and such sentence shall not be reduced or suspended nor shall such person be eligible for parole or probation.

(Emphasis added). Bergeron claims that his two Georgia convictions were not separately brought and did not arise “out of separate incidents and different times.” Both charges were brought in a single indictment. Both convictions arose from a series of acts committed by Bergeron on December 13, 1993, when he broke into a car dealership, stole a set of keys, and used the keys to take an automobile from the lot. Bergeron stole the keys solely to obtain the vehicle, and these actions happened within minutes of one another.

¶ 7. We first address the State’s contention that this issue is barred by res judicata because the issue should have been raised on direct appeal. While it is true that issues which should have been raised at trial or on direct appeal will not be considered in post-conviction-relief pro[215]*215ceedings, those errors which concern fundamental rights are the exception to this rule. Rowland, 42 So.3d at 506 (¶ 10). Furthermore, this Court has stated that “[t]he right to be free from an illegal sentence is a fundamental constitutional right; therefore, a claim of illegal sentence cannot be procedurally barred under the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act.” Williams v. State, 24 So.3d 360, 364 (¶ 10) (Miss.Ct.App.2009). Therefore, we do not find Bergeron’s claim to be barred from appellate review.

¶ 8. The Mississippi Supreme Court has held that “[a] prior offense may be considered under the statute even if [it] occurred on the same day as the instant offense as long as the two charges arose from ‘separate incidents.’ ” Buckley v. State, 511 So.2d 1354, 1359 (Miss.1987) (citing Crawley v. State, 423 So.2d 128, 129 (Miss.1982)). This issue was thoroughly discussed in Pittman v. State, 570 So.2d 1205 (Miss.1990), a case that the Adams County Circuit Judge found to be analogous to Bergeron’s Georgia convictions. In Pittman, the defendant was convicted of burglarizing a store. He was sentenced as a habitual offender as he had two prior convictions: burglary of Dotson Elementary School and grand larceny from Wilson Elementary School. These charges arose from events that occurred on the same night, and both schools were in close proximity as they were connected to one another by a common walkway and enclosed by a single, all-inclusive fence. The supreme court found that the convictions were separate incidents and upheld the defendant’s sentence as a habitual offender. Id. at 1207.

¶ 9. In its analysis, the Pittman court provided guidance for determining whether incidents could be considered separate:

[B]efore such behavior should be labeled habitual, it would seem that the events should be sufficiently separate that the offender’s criminal passions may have cooled so that he has time to reflect, and if after such an interval the individual forms and actualizes a new criminal design, and then does so a third time, he should be met with all of the power of the public force. Conversely, two offenses committed in rapid succession do not suggest the same repetitiveness of criminal design such that the offender may be thought predictably habitual thereafter, or deserving of severe sanction.

Pittman, 570 So.2d at 1206 (emphasis added). However, Bergeron asserts that his case is actually more analogous to the following hypothetical situation posed by the Pittman court:

No doubt, if [Bobbie Lee] Pittman broke and entered one room in the Wilson Elementary School and, finding nothing of value, then moved to another room in the same school and thereafter stole the three television sets from that room, we would consider the union of these acts sufficient that they would constitute but a lone incident under the statute. The record before us, however, reflects that the Dotson Elementary School and the Wilson Elementary School are separate schools, notwithstanding their proximity and common use of the auditorium and cafeteria.

Id. at 1207.

¶ 10.

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Bluebook (online)
60 So. 3d 212, 2011 Miss. App. LEXIS 219, 2011 WL 1467764, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bergeron-v-state-missctapp-2011.