Deemer, J.
1 [4]*42 [3]*3Giles Cowles died, owning a certain stock of merchandise in the town of Riverton, Fremont county, Iowa. The defendant Joseph Samuels was appointed his executor, and as such, with the approval of the district court of Fremont county, he entered into the following contract with J. H. Snyder, L. F. Snyder, and J. E. Eubank: “This agreement witnesseth that Joe Samuels, administrator of Giles Cowles’ estate, has sold or assigned [4]*4on commission all the merchandise in building on lot No. 825, Riverton, Iowa, that belongs to Giles Cowles’ estate, to J. H. and L. F. Snyder and J. E. Eubank. And this agreement further stipulates that when four thousand dollars has been paid to Joe Samuels, adminintrator, then said- Joe Samuels, administratrator, shall give to the said J. H. and L. F. Snyder and J. E. Eubank a bill of sale to all the property above described. There shall be paid to Joe Samuels, administrator, each month at least, a per cent, of sales. Should any part of the above named four thousand dollars remain unpaid at the expiration of one year from date of this instrument, then shall bear eight per cent, from August 25, 1892, for a period not to exceed five years from that date. It is expressly stipulated and understood that the ownership of the merchandise above referred to, and all the additions thereto, shall remain in Joe Samuels, administrator, until the sum of four thousand dollars has .been fully paid, with interest as above provided. Witness our signatures this twenty-fifth day of August, 1891. Joe Samuels, Administrator. J. II. Siiyder, L. F. Snyder, J. E. Eubank.” The Snyders and Eubank took possession of the stock of goods under this contract, and continued to deal with the same as if they were the owners thereof until they surrendered it to Samuels in August, 1894. Eubank, however,. withdrew from the business about sixteen months after the contract was executed, and the Snyders thereafter con: ducted the same under the name and style of Snyder & Son. During the time they were in possession of the stock they purchased the goods for the price of which this action was brought. Before selling any of the goods to Snyder & Son, plaintiff’s traveling salesman called upon Samuels, with whom he was acquainted, and asked him regarding their financial standing. He says that at this time [5]*5he knew that the Snyders had purchased the stock through Samuels, and that Samuels told him that they had bought it “on payments,” and that they owed considerable on the stock. “He also said that he thought the old gentleman was very conservative, and would pay for all the goods they needed, and that he thought we [plaintiffs] would be safe in shipping them small amounts.” Snyder & Son continued in possession of the Cowles stock until August, 1894, at which time they concluded that they could not meet their obligation therefor, and they proposed to surrender it to the Cowles heirs in payment of what remained due. At this time they had paid one thousand five hundred dollars of the purchase price, leaving a balance due, including interest, of two thousand nine hundred dollars. Plaintiffs claim, and they introduced evidence to show, that, at the time of the surrender of the stock, Samuels and the other Cowles heirs promised and agreed to pay all the outstanding indebtedness of Snyder & Son, but this is squarely denied by appellees. The case went to the jury on the single proposition as to whether or not there was such an agreement, and they found in favor of appellees.
3 Appellants now present two questions for our consideration. One is, that by the contract, which we have heretofore set out, Snyder & Son became agents, factors, or commission merchants for the Cowles heirs, and as such they were authorized to purchase goods for these heirs, and bind them for the purchase price; the other that, under the circumstances disclosed, Snyder & Son were trustees for plaintiffs of the goods ordered by them, and held the same, or the proceeds thereof, in trust for their benefit; that Samuels and the Cowles heirs took possession of the stock transferred to Snyder & Son, with knowledge of this trust relation, and are [6]*6liable in equity for the value of the goods sold and delivered by plaintiffs to Snyder & Son.
The first question presented involves a construction of the contract between Samuels and the Snyders. Appellant contends that it is a contract of bailment, while appellees say it is one of conditional sale. That there is a manifest distinction between delivery under bailment, with an option to purchase at a stated price, and a delivery under a contract of sale containing a reservation of ownership in the seller until the contract price is paid, is conceded; and the most infallible test by which to determine under which class the contract falls, is to ascertain whether there is a promise by the purchaser to pay for the goods delivered. If there is such promise, then, no matter under what form the transaction is disguised, it is held to be a conditional sale, and not a bailment. The language of the contract we are now considering is ambiguous and uncertain, but when construed with reference to-the conduct and situation of the parties, in the interpretation they place upon it themselves, we think it clear that the transaction was intended as a conditional sale, and that Snyder & Son did agree to pay four thousand dollars for the stock of goods at the time named in the contract. But if we are not correct in this, and the contract should be found to be one of bailment, and not of sale, yet in such case Snyder & Son would sustain the relation of factors, or commission men, towards Samuels and the Cowles, with power to sell the goods intrusted to them, but without express authority to purchase goods in the name of their principals. A factor or commission man ordinarily has no other authority than to receive and sell the goods of his principal. In this respect he is a general agent. But he has no power to buy other goods on the credit of his principal, unless expressly authorized, or given the apparent authority to do so. [7]*7In the case at bar, there was no such authority conferred by the contract, nor could such a delegation of power be reasonably inferred. It was, no doubt, contemplated that additions should be made to the stock, but whether by the Cowles heirs or by the Snyders, does not clearly appear. In any event, however, there was no thought that these additions should be made upon the credit of the bailors or vendors. It seems quite clear that plaintiffs did not so understand it. They knew that the goods had either been sold or bailed to the Snyders by the Cowles heirs, and their inquiries of Samuels with reference to Snyder & Son, clearly indicate that they did not extend any credit to Samuels, or to the parties whom he represented. True it is that, if the Cowles heirs or Samuels were, in fact, principals, the appellants might recover, although the relation of the parties was not disclosed at the time the sale was made. But to recover on such a theory it must be shown that the relation of principal and agent in fact existed. Mere implied, or apparent authority would not be sufficient in such a case to charge the Cowles heirs, or Samuels. These propositions are so elementary as to need no citation of authorities in their support. But see Mechem, Ag., sections 986, 1046, 1047. As we have already seen, neither Samuels nor the Snyders understood that the relation of principal and agent existed between them.
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Deemer, J.
1 [4]*42 [3]*3Giles Cowles died, owning a certain stock of merchandise in the town of Riverton, Fremont county, Iowa. The defendant Joseph Samuels was appointed his executor, and as such, with the approval of the district court of Fremont county, he entered into the following contract with J. H. Snyder, L. F. Snyder, and J. E. Eubank: “This agreement witnesseth that Joe Samuels, administrator of Giles Cowles’ estate, has sold or assigned [4]*4on commission all the merchandise in building on lot No. 825, Riverton, Iowa, that belongs to Giles Cowles’ estate, to J. H. and L. F. Snyder and J. E. Eubank. And this agreement further stipulates that when four thousand dollars has been paid to Joe Samuels, adminintrator, then said- Joe Samuels, administratrator, shall give to the said J. H. and L. F. Snyder and J. E. Eubank a bill of sale to all the property above described. There shall be paid to Joe Samuels, administrator, each month at least, a per cent, of sales. Should any part of the above named four thousand dollars remain unpaid at the expiration of one year from date of this instrument, then shall bear eight per cent, from August 25, 1892, for a period not to exceed five years from that date. It is expressly stipulated and understood that the ownership of the merchandise above referred to, and all the additions thereto, shall remain in Joe Samuels, administrator, until the sum of four thousand dollars has .been fully paid, with interest as above provided. Witness our signatures this twenty-fifth day of August, 1891. Joe Samuels, Administrator. J. II. Siiyder, L. F. Snyder, J. E. Eubank.” The Snyders and Eubank took possession of the stock of goods under this contract, and continued to deal with the same as if they were the owners thereof until they surrendered it to Samuels in August, 1894. Eubank, however,. withdrew from the business about sixteen months after the contract was executed, and the Snyders thereafter con: ducted the same under the name and style of Snyder & Son. During the time they were in possession of the stock they purchased the goods for the price of which this action was brought. Before selling any of the goods to Snyder & Son, plaintiff’s traveling salesman called upon Samuels, with whom he was acquainted, and asked him regarding their financial standing. He says that at this time [5]*5he knew that the Snyders had purchased the stock through Samuels, and that Samuels told him that they had bought it “on payments,” and that they owed considerable on the stock. “He also said that he thought the old gentleman was very conservative, and would pay for all the goods they needed, and that he thought we [plaintiffs] would be safe in shipping them small amounts.” Snyder & Son continued in possession of the Cowles stock until August, 1894, at which time they concluded that they could not meet their obligation therefor, and they proposed to surrender it to the Cowles heirs in payment of what remained due. At this time they had paid one thousand five hundred dollars of the purchase price, leaving a balance due, including interest, of two thousand nine hundred dollars. Plaintiffs claim, and they introduced evidence to show, that, at the time of the surrender of the stock, Samuels and the other Cowles heirs promised and agreed to pay all the outstanding indebtedness of Snyder & Son, but this is squarely denied by appellees. The case went to the jury on the single proposition as to whether or not there was such an agreement, and they found in favor of appellees.
3 Appellants now present two questions for our consideration. One is, that by the contract, which we have heretofore set out, Snyder & Son became agents, factors, or commission merchants for the Cowles heirs, and as such they were authorized to purchase goods for these heirs, and bind them for the purchase price; the other that, under the circumstances disclosed, Snyder & Son were trustees for plaintiffs of the goods ordered by them, and held the same, or the proceeds thereof, in trust for their benefit; that Samuels and the Cowles heirs took possession of the stock transferred to Snyder & Son, with knowledge of this trust relation, and are [6]*6liable in equity for the value of the goods sold and delivered by plaintiffs to Snyder & Son.
The first question presented involves a construction of the contract between Samuels and the Snyders. Appellant contends that it is a contract of bailment, while appellees say it is one of conditional sale. That there is a manifest distinction between delivery under bailment, with an option to purchase at a stated price, and a delivery under a contract of sale containing a reservation of ownership in the seller until the contract price is paid, is conceded; and the most infallible test by which to determine under which class the contract falls, is to ascertain whether there is a promise by the purchaser to pay for the goods delivered. If there is such promise, then, no matter under what form the transaction is disguised, it is held to be a conditional sale, and not a bailment. The language of the contract we are now considering is ambiguous and uncertain, but when construed with reference to-the conduct and situation of the parties, in the interpretation they place upon it themselves, we think it clear that the transaction was intended as a conditional sale, and that Snyder & Son did agree to pay four thousand dollars for the stock of goods at the time named in the contract. But if we are not correct in this, and the contract should be found to be one of bailment, and not of sale, yet in such case Snyder & Son would sustain the relation of factors, or commission men, towards Samuels and the Cowles, with power to sell the goods intrusted to them, but without express authority to purchase goods in the name of their principals. A factor or commission man ordinarily has no other authority than to receive and sell the goods of his principal. In this respect he is a general agent. But he has no power to buy other goods on the credit of his principal, unless expressly authorized, or given the apparent authority to do so. [7]*7In the case at bar, there was no such authority conferred by the contract, nor could such a delegation of power be reasonably inferred. It was, no doubt, contemplated that additions should be made to the stock, but whether by the Cowles heirs or by the Snyders, does not clearly appear. In any event, however, there was no thought that these additions should be made upon the credit of the bailors or vendors. It seems quite clear that plaintiffs did not so understand it. They knew that the goods had either been sold or bailed to the Snyders by the Cowles heirs, and their inquiries of Samuels with reference to Snyder & Son, clearly indicate that they did not extend any credit to Samuels, or to the parties whom he represented. True it is that, if the Cowles heirs or Samuels were, in fact, principals, the appellants might recover, although the relation of the parties was not disclosed at the time the sale was made. But to recover on such a theory it must be shown that the relation of principal and agent in fact existed. Mere implied, or apparent authority would not be sufficient in such a case to charge the Cowles heirs, or Samuels. These propositions are so elementary as to need no citation of authorities in their support. But see Mechem, Ag., sections 986, 1046, 1047. As we have already seen, neither Samuels nor the Snyders understood that the relation of principal and agent existed between them. The Snyders at no time, at least not until the bringing of this suit, claimed that they had authority to buy goods on the credit of fche Cowles heirs, and the appellants’ contention is based wholly upon the terms of the written contract, to which we have referred. If this created a contract of agency, it gave to the promisees no other authority than to sell the goods intrusted to their care, and account for the proceeds, It ought not to be seriously contended that this furnished the foundation for charging their principals [8]*8with other goods purchased by them. The very terms of the contract itself negative any such an idea.
4 II. The next contention of appellants is that some kind of a trust arose in their favor out of the circumstances disclosed, and that they are entitled to follow their goods, or the proceeds thereof, into the hands of the Cowles heirs; and that the court erred in not sustaining their motion to transfer the case to the equity docket for trial. The plaintiffs sold the goods and extended the credit to Snyder & Son after they knew that the firm had purchased the stock from Samuels, or had taken it upon commission, with full knowledge that they owed largely for the stock, but upon the belief that they were conservative, and would pay for small purchases of goods. It was the ordinary case of a sale and delivery upon credit. This alone will not create a trust in or lien upon the goods. If plaintiffs had no such right in or to them, it matters not whether the Cowles heirs received them back with knowledge of plaintiffs’ claim or not, provided, of course, they did not take them fraudulently. Plaintiffs do not claim that there was any fraud in the transaction, and it seems clear that there is no element of trust in it. But if it should be assumed that there was a trust in the goods, or the proceeds thereof, sold by plaintiffs to Snyder & Son, it does not follow that plaintiffs would be entitled to enforce tbi> trust against the Cowles heirs. It is not shown that they received the goods or the proceeds thereof, and to hold them it is necessary to follow the property or the proceeds thereof into their hands. This the evidence fails to do, and plaintiffs are not entitled to recover on this theory of the case.
We have already said that the jury found against appellants upon the only real issue of fact. Of this they cannot well complain, for the evidence was in [9]*9conflict, and the verdict has sufficient in its support. There is no error in the instructions given by the court, and its judgment is affirmed.