1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 PAMELA BENNETT; and Case No.: 19-cv-2131-WQH-BLM JAMES BENNETT, 12 ORDER Plaintiffs, 13 v. 14 CIELO HOMEOWNERS 15 ASSOCIATION, INC.; THE 16 JUDGE LAW FIRM—A LAW CORPORATION; JAMES 17 JUDGE; DAVID MANGIKYAN; 18 and DOES 1-10 inclusive, 19 Defendants. 20 HAYES, Judge: 21 The matter before the Court is the Motion for Leave to File Second Amended 22 Complaint filed by Plaintiffs Pamela Bennett and James Bennett. (ECF No. 28). 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 On November 6, 2019, Plaintiffs Pamela Bennett and James Bennett, proceeding pro 25 se, filed a Complaint against Defendants Cielo Homeowner’s Association, Inc. (“Cielo”), 26 The Judge Law Firm (“TJLF”), TJLF attorney James Judge, TJLF attorney David 27 Mangikyan, and Does 1 through 10, inclusive. (ECF No. 1). On December 18, 2019, 28 Plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). (ECF No. 9). Plaintiffs alleged claims 1 against Defendants for fraud and for violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 2 (“FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e(2)(A), (e)(10), and 1692f(1). 3 On January 6, 2020, Plaintiffs requested, and the Clerk of the Court entered, 4 Defendants’ default. (ECF Nos. 12-19). 5 On January 7, 2020, Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the FAC. (ECF No. 11). 6 On January 8, 2020, Defendants filed a Motion to Set Aside Default. (ECF No. 20). On 7 May 5, 2020, the Court issued an Order granting Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss and 8 Motion to Set Aside Default. (ECF No. 27). The Court determined that Plaintiff James 9 Bennett failed to establish Article III standing under the FDCPA and that Plaintiffs failed 10 to state facts sufficient to support a reasonable inference that Defendant Cielo is a debt 11 collector under the FDCPA. The Court determined that “Plaintiffs fail[ed] to allege any 12 conduct by Defendants that constitutes a violation of the FDCPA.” (Id. at 17). The Court 13 declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state law fraud claim. The Court 14 dismissed the FAC without prejudice and with leave to file a motion for leave to amend. 15 On May 27, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Leave to File Second Amended 16 Complaint. (ECF No. 28). Plaintiffs contend that the proposed second amended complaint 17 (“SAC”) includes facts that are “more specific and supplemented with caselaw and 18 statutes.” (ECF No. 28 at 11). Plaintiffs contend that the proposed SAC includes “support” 19 for James Bennett’s standing by alleging that California’s community property laws subject 20 James Bennett to the state court judgment against Pamela Bennett, that James Bennett 21 owned the property that was the subject of the state court litigation, and that Defendants’ 22 alleged actions caused marital strife. (Id. at 10; see Proposed SAC, ECF No. 28 ¶¶ 27, 31). 23 Plaintiffs contend that the decisions of the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 24 McAdory v. M.N.S. & Associates, LLC, 952 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2020), and Fox v. Citicorp 25 Credit Services, Inc., 15 F.3d 1507 (9th Cir. 1994), “support Plaintiffs’ [allegations] that 26 [Defendant] Cielo is defined as a [d]ebt [c]ollector and is vicariously liable for [its] 27 attorneys[’] actions.” (ECF No. 28 at 10) Plaintiffs contend that decision of the Court of 28 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Afewerki v. Anya Law Group, 868 F.3d 771 (9th Cir. 2017), 1 “support[s] Plaintiffs’ [allegations] that false statements made in the state court action state 2 a FDCPA claim.” (ECF No. 28 at 11). 3 On May 29, 2020, Plaintiff Pamela Bennett filed a Notice of Appeal to the Court of 4 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, seeking review of this Court’s May 5, 2020, Order granting 5 Defendants’ Motion to Set Aside Default and Motion to Dismiss the FAC. (ECF No. 29). 6 On June 8, 2020, Defendants filed Oppositions to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to 7 File Second Amended Complaint. (ECF Nos. 32, 33). Defendants TJLF, Judge, and 8 Mangikyan contend that “there is no addition of fact [in the proposed SAC] that would 9 provide Mr. Bennett standing to sue.” (ECF No. 32 at 2). Defendants TJLF, Judge, and 10 Mangikyan contend that Plaintiffs have not added any facts that indicate Defendants made 11 any misrepresentation regarding the foreclosure cause of action. Defendants TJLF, Judge, 12 and Mangikyan contend that Plaintiffs have not added any facts supporting their claims 13 that Defendants misrepresented the amount of damages or that Cielo was required to obtain 14 a formal resolution of its Board of Directors to authorize the second cause of action for 15 damages. Defendants contend that this action violates the Rooker-Feldman doctrine and is 16 an improper attempt to re-litigate the final judgment in the state court action. Defendant 17 Cielo contends that amendment would be futile because the additional authorities cited by 18 Plaintiffs in the proposed SAC fail to demonstrate that Defendant Cielo is a debt collector 19 under the FDCPA. 20 On June 18, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a Reply in support of their Motion for Leave to 21 File Second Amended Complaint. (ECF No. 35). 22 On June 25, 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued an Order 23 dismissing Pamela Bennett’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction. (ECF No. 36). On July 17, 24 2020, the court of appeals issued its Mandate. (ECF No. 37). 25 I. LEGAL STANDARD 26 Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure mandates that leave to amend “be 27 freely given when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). “This policy is to be applied 28 with extreme liberality.” Eminence Capital, LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1051 (9th 1 Cir. 2003) (per curiam) (quoting Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc., 244 F.3d 708, 2 712 (9th Cir. 2001)). The Supreme Court has identified several factors district courts should 3 consider when deciding whether to grant leave to amend: “undue delay, bad faith or 4 dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by 5 amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of 6 allowance of the amendment, [and] futility of amendment.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 7 182 (1962); see also Smith v. Pac. Props. Dev. Corp., 358 F.3d 1097, 1101 (9th Cir. 2004). 8 “Not all of the [Foman] factors merit equal weight. As this circuit and others have held, it 9 is the consideration of prejudice to the opposing party that carries the greatest weight.” 10 Eminence Capital, LLC, 316 F.3d at 1052. “The party opposing amendment bears the 11 burden of showing prejudice.” DCD Programs, Ltd. v. Leighton, 833 F.2d 183, 187 (9th 12 Cir. 1987). “Absent prejudice, or a strong showing of any of the remaining Foman factors, 13 there exists a presumption under Rule 15(a) in favor of granting leave to amend.” Eminence 14 Capital, LLC, 316 F.3d at 1052. 15 II.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 PAMELA BENNETT; and Case No.: 19-cv-2131-WQH-BLM JAMES BENNETT, 12 ORDER Plaintiffs, 13 v. 14 CIELO HOMEOWNERS 15 ASSOCIATION, INC.; THE 16 JUDGE LAW FIRM—A LAW CORPORATION; JAMES 17 JUDGE; DAVID MANGIKYAN; 18 and DOES 1-10 inclusive, 19 Defendants. 20 HAYES, Judge: 21 The matter before the Court is the Motion for Leave to File Second Amended 22 Complaint filed by Plaintiffs Pamela Bennett and James Bennett. (ECF No. 28). 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 On November 6, 2019, Plaintiffs Pamela Bennett and James Bennett, proceeding pro 25 se, filed a Complaint against Defendants Cielo Homeowner’s Association, Inc. (“Cielo”), 26 The Judge Law Firm (“TJLF”), TJLF attorney James Judge, TJLF attorney David 27 Mangikyan, and Does 1 through 10, inclusive. (ECF No. 1). On December 18, 2019, 28 Plaintiffs filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). (ECF No. 9). Plaintiffs alleged claims 1 against Defendants for fraud and for violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 2 (“FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e(2)(A), (e)(10), and 1692f(1). 3 On January 6, 2020, Plaintiffs requested, and the Clerk of the Court entered, 4 Defendants’ default. (ECF Nos. 12-19). 5 On January 7, 2020, Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss the FAC. (ECF No. 11). 6 On January 8, 2020, Defendants filed a Motion to Set Aside Default. (ECF No. 20). On 7 May 5, 2020, the Court issued an Order granting Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss and 8 Motion to Set Aside Default. (ECF No. 27). The Court determined that Plaintiff James 9 Bennett failed to establish Article III standing under the FDCPA and that Plaintiffs failed 10 to state facts sufficient to support a reasonable inference that Defendant Cielo is a debt 11 collector under the FDCPA. The Court determined that “Plaintiffs fail[ed] to allege any 12 conduct by Defendants that constitutes a violation of the FDCPA.” (Id. at 17). The Court 13 declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state law fraud claim. The Court 14 dismissed the FAC without prejudice and with leave to file a motion for leave to amend. 15 On May 27, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Leave to File Second Amended 16 Complaint. (ECF No. 28). Plaintiffs contend that the proposed second amended complaint 17 (“SAC”) includes facts that are “more specific and supplemented with caselaw and 18 statutes.” (ECF No. 28 at 11). Plaintiffs contend that the proposed SAC includes “support” 19 for James Bennett’s standing by alleging that California’s community property laws subject 20 James Bennett to the state court judgment against Pamela Bennett, that James Bennett 21 owned the property that was the subject of the state court litigation, and that Defendants’ 22 alleged actions caused marital strife. (Id. at 10; see Proposed SAC, ECF No. 28 ¶¶ 27, 31). 23 Plaintiffs contend that the decisions of the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 24 McAdory v. M.N.S. & Associates, LLC, 952 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2020), and Fox v. Citicorp 25 Credit Services, Inc., 15 F.3d 1507 (9th Cir. 1994), “support Plaintiffs’ [allegations] that 26 [Defendant] Cielo is defined as a [d]ebt [c]ollector and is vicariously liable for [its] 27 attorneys[’] actions.” (ECF No. 28 at 10) Plaintiffs contend that decision of the Court of 28 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Afewerki v. Anya Law Group, 868 F.3d 771 (9th Cir. 2017), 1 “support[s] Plaintiffs’ [allegations] that false statements made in the state court action state 2 a FDCPA claim.” (ECF No. 28 at 11). 3 On May 29, 2020, Plaintiff Pamela Bennett filed a Notice of Appeal to the Court of 4 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, seeking review of this Court’s May 5, 2020, Order granting 5 Defendants’ Motion to Set Aside Default and Motion to Dismiss the FAC. (ECF No. 29). 6 On June 8, 2020, Defendants filed Oppositions to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to 7 File Second Amended Complaint. (ECF Nos. 32, 33). Defendants TJLF, Judge, and 8 Mangikyan contend that “there is no addition of fact [in the proposed SAC] that would 9 provide Mr. Bennett standing to sue.” (ECF No. 32 at 2). Defendants TJLF, Judge, and 10 Mangikyan contend that Plaintiffs have not added any facts that indicate Defendants made 11 any misrepresentation regarding the foreclosure cause of action. Defendants TJLF, Judge, 12 and Mangikyan contend that Plaintiffs have not added any facts supporting their claims 13 that Defendants misrepresented the amount of damages or that Cielo was required to obtain 14 a formal resolution of its Board of Directors to authorize the second cause of action for 15 damages. Defendants contend that this action violates the Rooker-Feldman doctrine and is 16 an improper attempt to re-litigate the final judgment in the state court action. Defendant 17 Cielo contends that amendment would be futile because the additional authorities cited by 18 Plaintiffs in the proposed SAC fail to demonstrate that Defendant Cielo is a debt collector 19 under the FDCPA. 20 On June 18, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a Reply in support of their Motion for Leave to 21 File Second Amended Complaint. (ECF No. 35). 22 On June 25, 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued an Order 23 dismissing Pamela Bennett’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction. (ECF No. 36). On July 17, 24 2020, the court of appeals issued its Mandate. (ECF No. 37). 25 I. LEGAL STANDARD 26 Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure mandates that leave to amend “be 27 freely given when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). “This policy is to be applied 28 with extreme liberality.” Eminence Capital, LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1051 (9th 1 Cir. 2003) (per curiam) (quoting Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc., 244 F.3d 708, 2 712 (9th Cir. 2001)). The Supreme Court has identified several factors district courts should 3 consider when deciding whether to grant leave to amend: “undue delay, bad faith or 4 dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by 5 amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of 6 allowance of the amendment, [and] futility of amendment.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 7 182 (1962); see also Smith v. Pac. Props. Dev. Corp., 358 F.3d 1097, 1101 (9th Cir. 2004). 8 “Not all of the [Foman] factors merit equal weight. As this circuit and others have held, it 9 is the consideration of prejudice to the opposing party that carries the greatest weight.” 10 Eminence Capital, LLC, 316 F.3d at 1052. “The party opposing amendment bears the 11 burden of showing prejudice.” DCD Programs, Ltd. v. Leighton, 833 F.2d 183, 187 (9th 12 Cir. 1987). “Absent prejudice, or a strong showing of any of the remaining Foman factors, 13 there exists a presumption under Rule 15(a) in favor of granting leave to amend.” Eminence 14 Capital, LLC, 316 F.3d at 1052. 15 II. RULING OF THE COURT 16 In the proposed SAC, Plaintiffs bring the same claims alleged in the FAC against 17 Defendants for fraud and for violations of the FDCPA, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692e(2)(A), (e)(10), 18 and 1692f(1), arising from Defendants’ alleged attempt to collect HOA fees through a state 19 court lawsuit that ended in a default judgment against Pamela Bennett. Plaintiffs’ proposed 20 SAC includes new facts and theories. Defendants’ argument against granting leave to 21 amend is that the proposed SAC fails to correct the deficiencies identified by the Court in 22 its Order granting Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the FAC. However, “the sufficiency of 23 an amended pleading ordinarily will not be considered on a motion for leave to amend.” 24 Breier v. N. Cal. Bowling Proprietors’ Ass’n, 316 F.2d 787, 790 (9th Cir. 1963); see 25 Netbula v. Distinct Corp., 212 F.R.D. 534, 539 (N.D. Cal. 2003) (“Denial of leave to amend 26 on [futility] ground[s] is rare.”). “If the underlying facts or circumstances relied upon by a 27 plaintiff may be a proper subject of relief, he ought to be afforded an opportunity to test his 28 claim on the merits.” Foman, 371 U.S. at 182. The Court will defer consideration of 1 ||Defendants’ challenges to the merits of the proposed amended complaint until after the 2 ||amended pleading is filed. See Netbula, 212 F.R.D. at 539 (“Ordinarily, courts will defer 3 || consideration of challenges to the merits of a proposed amended pleading until after leave 4 ||to amend is granted and the amended pleading is filed.”); Hynix Semiconductor, Inc. v. 5 || Toshiba Corp., No. C-04-4708 VRW, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 82148, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 6 ||31, 2006) (Defendant’s challenges to the merits of a proposed amended pleading “should 7 || be addressed in a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment, not in an opposition to the 8 present motion for leave to amend.”’). Defendants have not shown that they would be 9 || prejudiced by the amendment or made “a strong showing” that the Foman factors warrant 10 || deviating from the “presumption under Rule 15(a) in favor of granting leave to amend.” 11 || Eminence Capital, LLC, 316 F.3d at 1052 (emphasis omitted). The Court finds that leave 12 ||to amend should be granted pursuant to Rule 15(a). 13 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to File Second 14 || Amended Complaint (ECF No. 28) is granted. Plaintiffs shall file the proposed SAC 15 || attached as “Exhibit 2” to the Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint within 16 || fifteen (15) days of the date of this Order. 17 || Dated: August 27, 2020 BE: te Z. A a 18 Hon, William Q. Hayes 19 United States District Court 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28