Beneficial Illinois, Inc. v. Parker

2016 IL App (1st) 160186, 68 N.E.3d 493

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: December 12, 2016
• Docket: 1-16-0186
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

2016 IL App (1st) 160186

FIRST DIVISION December 12, 2016

No. 1-16-0186

BENEFICIAL ILLINOIS, INC., d/b/a ) Appeal from the BENEFICIAL MORTGAGE CO. OF ILLINOIS, ) Circuit Court of ) Cook County. Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) ) RANDALL PARKER a/k/a RANDALL W. ) PARKER; MARVELENE PARKER; ) No. 09 CH 39557 UNKNOWN OWNERS and NON-RECORD ) CLAIMANTS, ) ) Defendants. ) ) (Randall Parker a/k/a Randall W. Parker, ) Honorable ) Anthony Kyriakopoulos, Defendant-Appellant). ) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Simon and Mikva concurred in judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Defendant-appellant, Randall Parker (hereinafter Randall), refinanced his home loan

mortgage with plaintiff-appellee, Beneficial Illinois Inc., d/b/a Beneficial Mortgage Company of

Illinois (hereinafter Beneficial), in July 2007. In October 2008, he stopped making the required

payments and Beneficial instituted a foreclosure proceeding in October 2009. In June 2010,

Randall attempted to rescind the mortgage by mailing a letter to Beneficial. Beneficial never

responded and proceeded with the foreclosure litigation. In September 2010, Randall filed a

counterclaim and affirmative defenses. After briefing, the circuit court dismissed the No. 1-16-0186

counterclaims and affirmative defenses as untimely. Eventually, Beneficial voluntarily dismissed

its foreclosure proceeding and Randall now appeals the dismissal of his affirmative defense and

counterclaims.

¶2 For the following reasons, we agree that Randall properly invoked the rescission

mechanism when he sent Beneficial the rescission letter. We also reverse the dismissal of

Randall’s counterclaim related to Beneficial’s failure to honor the rescission letter. However, his

counterclaim related to Beneficial’s failure to disclose certain information when the loan closed

is time barred.

¶3 JURISDICTION

¶4 Beneficial filed this foreclosure action on October 15, 2009. On September 1, 2010,

Randall filed an answer, affirmative defense, and counterclaims. On September 5, 2014, the

circuit court granted Beneficial’s motion to dismiss Randall’s affirmative defense and

counterclaims. On December 15, 2015, the circuit court granted Beneficial’s motion to

voluntarily dismiss the foreclosure action. Thereafter, on January 14, 2016, Randall filed his

notice of appeal. Accordingly, this court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to Article VI,

Section 6 of the Illinois Constitution, and Illinois Supreme Court Rules 301 and 303. Ill. Const.

1970, art. VI, § 6; Ill. S. Ct. R. 301 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994); Ill. S. Ct. R. 303 (eff. May 30, 2008).

¶5 BACKGROUND

¶6 On July 9, 2007, Beneficial made a loan to Randall and his wife. 1 The loan was secured

with a mortgage against Randall’s home. In connection with the loan, Beneficial tendered to

Randall a Loan Agreement outlining the terms of the loan. Based on the terms of the loan,

Randall was required to start making payments on August 9, 2007.

1 Due to proceedings not relevant here, Marvelene Parker is not a party to this appeal.

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¶7 The Loan Agreement contained a Truth In Lending Disclosure (TILD). The TILD

disclosed estimated terms of the loan, including the finance charges, total number of payments,

and when payments are due. In October 2008, Randall and his wife failed to make the required

loan payment as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Thereafter, on October 15, 2009, Beneficial

filed a foreclosure action seeking to foreclose on Randall’s mortgage.

¶8 On June 16, 2010, Randall, through counsel, wrote to Beneficial to provide notice that

Randall elected to rescind the Loan Agreement. The letter requested that Beneficial acknowledge

Randall’s right to rescission as required by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) (15 U.S.C. § 1601

et seq. (2012)). The letter also requested that Beneficial provide Randall with a loan history so he

could determine what amount he might have to repay. Beneficial did not respond to Randall’s

rescission notice and continued to proceed with the foreclosure proceeding. On September 1,

2010, Randall filed an answer, an affirmative defense, and two counterclaims against Beneficial.

In his affirmative defense, Randall argued that he timely delivered a letter rescinding the Loan

Agreement, thereby extinguishing the mortgage. In addition, his counterclaims sought actual and

statutory damages for Beneficial’s failure to honor the rescission and for making improper

disclosures when the loan closed.

¶9 Beneficial eventually filed a motion to dismiss both the affirmative defense and the

counterclaims. Beneficial argued that all of the claims were time barred by TILA’s three year

statute of repose. Additionally, Beneficial argued that the two counterclaims were barred by

TILA’s one year statute of limitations. After briefing, the circuit court agreed with Beneficial and

found the affirmative defense and counterclaims time barred. Specifically, the circuit court found

Randall’s failure to file a court action seeking rescission within three years of the loan being

made barred his rescission affirmative defense. The court also found Randall’s damage

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counterclaim based on misleading disclosures was also time barred. The circuit court did not

specifically rule on the counterclaim related to failing to respond to the rescission letter.

¶ 10 The foreclosure proceeding continued until Beneficial voluntarily agreed to dismiss the

foreclosure action on December 15, 2015. Randall filed a notice of appeal on January 14, 2016,

and this appeal followed.

¶ 11 ANALYSIS

¶ 12 On appeal, Randall challenges the dismissal of his affirmative defense and his

counterclaims. As to his affirmative defense of rescission, Randall argues that a recent United

States Supreme Court case demonstrates that only a letter needs to be sent to the lender in order

to invoke TILA’s rescission clause and therefore his rescission of the loan was timely. He also

argues his damages counterclaims are not time barred.

¶ 13 In this case, Beneficial moved to dismiss Randall’s affirmative defenses pursuant to a

section 2-619.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619.1 (West 2014)).

Section 2-619.1 of the Code permits combined motions pursuant to sections 2-615, 2-619, and

2-1005. 735 ILCS 5/2-619.1 (West 2014). On appeal, a de novo standard of review applies

whether the motion was granted pursuant to either section 2-615 or section 2-619. Doe-3 v.

McLean County Unit District No. 5 Board of Directors, 2012 IL 112479, ¶ 15 (section 2-615

motion is reviewed de novo); Kean v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 235 Ill. 2d 351, 361 (2009) (section

2-619 motion is reviewed de novo).

¶ 14 Turning to Randall’s first issue, he argues, and Beneficial concedes, that his mailing of

the rescission letter to Beneficial was the only step he needed to take in order to rescind the loan

under TILA. In its ruling dismissing the affirmative defense and counterclaims, the circuit court

found the rescission affirmative defense to be untimely because Randall filed his affirmative

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defense outside the three year window provided for in section 1635(f). 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f)

(2012). After granting the dismissal, the United States Supreme Court took up the issue now

before this court and determined that the statutory language of TILA did not require the filing of

a lawsuit in order to rescind a loan agreement. Jesinoski v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 574

U.S. ___, 135 S. Ct. 790 (2015). In analyzing the language of section 1635(a) the Court stated,

“[t]he language leaves no doubt that rescission is effected when the borrower notifies the creditor

of his intention to rescind. It follows that, so long as the borrower notifies within three years after

the transaction is consummated, his rescission is timely. The statute does not also require him to

sue within three years.” Id. at ___, 135 S. Ct. at 792.

¶ 15 In its brief before this court, Beneficial concedes that, pursuant to Jesinoski, Randall

timely elected to rescind the Loan Agreement when he sent the letter on June 16, 2010. Since

Randall mailed a letter within three years of the Loan Agreement being made, the circuit court

erred in dismissing Randall’s rescission affirmative defense. Accordingly, this portion of the

circuit court’s order is reversed.

¶ 16 Beneficial also concedes that, pursuant to Jesinoski, Randall’s damages claim based on

the failure to honor the rescission letter is timely. 2 Section 1635(b) states, “[w]ithin 20 days after

receipt of a notice of rescission, the creditor shall return to the obligor any money or property

given as earnest money, downpayment, or otherwise, and shall take any action necessary or

appropriate to reflect the termination of any security interest created under the transaction.” 15

U.S.C. § 1635(b) (2012). Section 1640 provides for civil liability for any creditor “who fails to

comply with any requirement imposed under this part, including any requirement under section 2 While the circuit court did not address this counterclaim, Beneficial does not argue that Randall has waived review of the issue. In this respect, we note that the waiver rule “is a limitation on the parties and not the jurisdiction of the courts” and we choose to address this issue on the merits. Committee for Educational Rights v. Edgar, 174 Ill. 2d 1, 11 (1996).

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1635.” 15 U.S.C. § 1640(a) (2012). Any action based on such a violation must be brought within

one year of the occurrence. 15 U.S.C. § 1640(e) (2012).

¶ 17 Randall mailed his notice of rescission on or about June 16, 2010, and pursuant to section

1635(b), Beneficial would have 20 days after receipt of the notice to take all necessary steps to

effectuate the recession. In his counterclaim, Randall alleges Beneficial never responded to the

rescission notification. Randall filed his counterclaim for damages on September 1, 2010, well

within the one year statute of limitations provided for in section 1640(e). Accordingly, Randall’s

counterclaim for damages related to the failure to respond to the rescission letter was timely filed

and the circuit court erred in dismissing it. We therefore reverse that portion of the circuit court’s

order.

¶ 18 In his third issue, Randall challenges the circuit court’s dismissal of his counterclaim for

failing to make the proper disclosures pursuant to TILA when the loan closed. TILA states that if

a creditor fails to adequately provide the necessary disclosures, a claim for damages may be

brought. 15 U.S.C. § 1640(a) (2012). Such an action must be brought within one year. 15 U.S.C.

§ 1640(e) (2012). However, section 1640(e) also provides,

“This subsection does not bar a person from asserting a violation of this

subchapter in an action to collect the debt which was brought more than one

year from the date of the occurrence of the violation as a matter of defense

by recoupment or set-off in such action, except as otherwise provided by

State law.” Id.

Accordingly, TILA allows for an untimely TILA claim if it is brought as a defensive recoupment

or set-off, “except as otherwise provided by State law.” Id. Illinois courts have interpreted this to

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mean a damages claim may be brought beyond TILA’s statute of limitations if it is brought as a

defense in recoupment under Illinois law. U.S. Bank National Ass’n v. Manzo, 2011 IL App (1st)

103115, ¶ 51 citing Mt. Vernon Memorial Estates, Inc. v. Wood, 88 Ill. App. 3d 666 (1980)).

Illinois law does not have a provision directly addressing a TILA recoupment claim, but Illinois

courts have allowed them when brought pursuant to section 13-207 of the Code. Id.; 735 ILCS

5/13/207 (West 2014)). However, such a recoupment claim must meet the requirements of section

13-207. Barragan v. Casco Design Corp., 216 Ill. 2d 435, 445-46 (2005).

¶ 19 Section 13-207 of the Code states:

“A defendant may plead a set-off or counterclaim barred by the statute of

limitation, while held and owned by him or her, to any action, the cause of

which is owned by the plaintiff or person under whom he or she claims,

before such set-off or counterclaim as so barred, and not otherwise.” 735

ILCS 5/13-207 (West 2014).

Illinois courts view section 13-207 to allow a defendant to file a counterclaim even if the claim

would have been time-barred if brought as a separate action. Cameron General Corp. v. Hafnia

Holdings, Inc. 289 Ill. App. 3d 495, 505-06 (1997). However, in order to bring a time-barred

counterclaim pursuant to section 13-207, the counterclaim must not have been time barred when

the cause of action forming the basis of the primary complaint arose. Canada Life Assurance Co. v.

Salwan, 353 Ill. App. 3d 74, 80 (1990).

¶ 20 The circuit court found Randall’s damages claim related to the improper disclosures

could not be saved by section 13-207 because by the time Beneficial’s foreclosure action

accrued, the statute of limitation for failing to make the proper disclosures had already run. The

improper disclosures were made on July 9, 2007, so Randall would have one year, or until July

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9, 2008, to file a complaint. Beneficial’s foreclosure action arose in October 2008, when Randall

failed to make the required monthly payment. At this point, Randall’s claim for damages related

to the disclosures was already time barred. Accordingly, this counterclaim could not be saved by

section 13-207.

¶ 21 Relying on Manzo, 2011 IL App (1st) 103115), and Barragan, 216 Ill. 2d 435, Randall

argues section 13-207 does not bar his claim based on misleading disclosures, but rather

represents an independent basis to save a TILA claim and does not interfere with section

1640(e). We disagree both with Randall’s interpretation of the law and his reliance on Manzo

and Barragan.

¶ 22 As previously noted, TILA allows for an untimely TILA claim if it is brought as a

defensive recoupment or set-off, “except as otherwise provided by State law.” (Emphasis added.)

15 U.S.C. § 1640(e) (2012). Illinois courts have consistently found that an otherwise untimely

TILA claim may be brought as defensive recoupment if it meets the requirements of the

applicable Illinois law. See Wood Acceptance Co. v. King, 18 Ill. App. 3d 149, 151 (1974)

(allowing a untimely TILA counterclaim because it met the requirements under section 17 of the

Limitations Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 83, ¶ 18)) 3; see also Public Finance Corp. v. Riddle, 83

Ill. App. 3d 417, 422 (1980) (allowing a TILA counterclaim brought pursuant to section 17 of

the Limitations Act).

¶ 23 Despite Randall’s claims to the contrary, the counterclaims at issue in both Barragan and

Manzo were brought in conformity with section 13-207. As the Barragan court stated, “the

saving provision [(section 13-207)] comes into play in this case because Casco owned its

contribution claim—the one that Osman countered—before Osman’s counterclaim was barred.”

3 Section 17 of the Limitations Act was the precursor to the current statute (735 ILCS 5/13-207 (West 2014)).

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216 Ill. 2d at 445. Osman’s claim against Casco for contribution arose on July 25, 1997, and

would become time-barred on July 25, 1999. Id. at 445. Casco’s original contribution against

Osman arose on September 15, 1997, well before Osman’s claim became time-barred in July

1999. Id. at 446. Thus, the court concluded, “Casco ‘owned’ the claim that formed the subject of

Osman’s counterclaim within the meaning of section 13-207,” and Osman’s counterclaim was

not barred. Id.

¶ 24 While not discussed by the court in Manzo, the facts of that case show that Manzo’s

counterclaim was not time barred when U.S. Bank’s foreclosure action arose. Manzo’s

counterclaim, like Randall’s in this case, related to U.S. Bank’s failure to make certain

disclosures when the loan closed on November 18, 2005. Manzo, 2011 IL App (1st) 103115, ¶ 3.

Pursuant to section 1640(e), the Manzo’s would have one year before such a claim became time

barred. Id. ¶ 48. Less than a year later, on August 11, 2006, U.S. Bank filed the foreclosure

action. Id. ¶ 3. Therefore, when U.S. Bank foreclosure action arose, the Manzo’s damages claim

had yet to be time barred. The Manzo court concluded the counterclaim was properly brought

pursuant to section 13-207 and reversed the circuit court’s dismissal of it. Id. ¶ 55.

¶ 25 Despite Randall’s claims to the contrary, the counterclaims in Manzo and Barragan

complied with section 13-207. Accordingly, we reject Randall’s argument that his untimely

counterclaim does not need to comply with section 13-207 and affirm its dismissal.

¶ 26 CONCLUSION

¶ 27 Based on the foregoing, we affirm the part of the decision of the circuit court that found

Randall’s counterclaim for wrongful disclosures to be time-barred, but we reverse the decision of

the circuit court with respect to Randall’s rescission affirmative defense and counterclaim based

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on Beneficial’s failure to timely respond to the rescission letter. We therefore remand this case for

further proceedings.

¶ 28 Affirmed in part, reversed and remanded in part.

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