Belleville Savings Bank v. Aneshaensel

298 Ill. 292

• Court: Illinois Supreme Court
• Decided: June 22, 1921
• Docket: No. 13453
• Status: Published

Opinion

Mr. Justice Duncan

delivered the opinion of the court:

Fridolin Aneshaensel died testate June 27, 1918, leaving him surviving no widow.-his wife. Anna Aneshaensel, • having died intestate March 21, 1917. Neither of them left surviving any child or descendants of a child. The testator left surviving as his only heirs-at-law, William Aneshaensel, his brother; Charles, Walter and Julius Aneshaensel and Emma Scherrer, children of his deceased brother, Charles Aneshaensel; and Ludwig Schmidt, son of his deceased sister, Barbara Schmidt. Anna Aneshaensel left surviving as her only heirs-at-law, Fridolin Aneshaensel, the testator; August Merk, her brother; eight nieces and nephews, including Bertha Bang, the appellant; and two grandnieces and a grand-nephew, all of whom are the children and grandchildren of her deceased brother, Charles Merk; two nephews and a niece and two grand-nephews, children and grandchildren of her deceased sister, Louisa Pithan; and three nephews and two nieces, children of her deceased sister, Bertha Kring. The Belleville Savings Bank was appointed conservator of Fridolin Aneshaensel a year or more before his death, but his sanity at the time he made his will is unquestioned. The bank was also appointed administrator with the will annexed after the will of the testator had been probated. The will was executed March 22, 1909, and names his wife, Anna Aneshaensel, and Henry E. Schrader, as executors, the latter of whom qualified as executor and thereafter proceeded with the administration of the estate in lieu of the bank as administrator. After providing for the payment of his debts the testator bequeathed., and devised his property, both real and personal, in the fol- " lowing language: ’

“Second—I give, devise and bequeath to my beloved wife, Anna Aneshaensel, my residence, being eighty feet off of the west side of lot 135, in the original town of Belleville; also bonds to the amount of $10,000; also my household furniture of every description contained in my said residence; and also my life insurance, $2000, as her absolute property.

"Third—I give and devise to my brother, William Aneshaensel, the sum of $200, and to each of his children, named Robert, Emma, Ida and Sophie, $700, which will be paid out of the debt of $3000 due and owing to me by my said brother, William.

“Fourth—I give and devise to my nephew Julius, son of my deceased brother, Charles, the sum of $1000, and I give to each of the other children of my brother, Charles, named Emma, Charles and Walter, the sum of $700.

“Fifth—I give and devise to my sister, Barbara Schmidt, in Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany, the sum of $1000, and if I should survive my sister then the legacy to her shall go to her son, Ludwig. All of the said legacies shall be paid by' my executors in the due course of administration of my estate.

“Sixth—All the rest and remainder of my estate, both real and personal, I give, devise and bequeath Jo_my wife, Anna, for and during the term of her natural life, and after her death one-half of my said estate to the heirs of my said wife, or to her devisees in case she' leaves a will, in fee simple. The other one-half of my estate shall be divided into nine equal shares, of which one share shall go to each of the above named children of my brother, William Aneshaensel; one share shall go to each of the four children above named in section 4 of this will, of my brother, Charles Aneshaensel; one share shall go to my sister, Barbara Schmidt, above mentioned, (and in case I should survive my said sister her share shall go to her son, Ludwig, in fee simple.)”

The testator died seized and possessed of all the property, both real and personal, mentioned in the will and of other property not therein specifically mentioned. The personal property of .which the testator'died possessed consisted of cash, bonds and one promissory note, all of which was valued at more than $57,000. The insurance policy mentioned in the will was issued by the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York and was made payable to Anna Aneshaensel or her children. It was collected from the insurance company by the bank as conservator of the testator, and the proceeds thereof are included as part of the cash assets of the testator’s estate. The homestead of the testator described in the will is valued at $5000. The testator also died seized of three other pieces of real estate valued at $8500, making a total valuation of the real estate of $13,500.

The Belleville Savings Bank, as former conservator and acting administrator, filed a bill in the circuit court of St. Clair county praying for the construction of the sixth and second clauses of the will. Later, and after he had qualified as' executor, Henry E. Schrader, as executor, filed a supplemental bill, in which he alleged, in substance, the material facts above set forth and prayed the same relief and that he might be substituted as complainant in lieu of said administrator. All of the heirs of the testator aforesaid and the four children of William Aneshaensel, legatees named in the will, and the heirs of Anna Aneshaensel, except the testator, were made parties defendant to the bill. All of the heirs and legatees of the testator other than the heirs of Anna Aneshaensel filed answers admitting substantially all of the averments of the amended and supplemental bill, and they also alleged that the heirs of Anna Aneshaensel were not entitled to any portion of the testator’s estate either by virtue of clause 2 or clause 6 of the will. Bertha Bang filed her answer, admitting practically all the averments of the bill, but alleging that in the construction of the will it should be held that the specific legacy to Anna Aneshaensel in clause 2 of the will lapsed and became part of the residuary estate, and that under clause 6 (the residuary clause) one-half of the real estate and personal property bequeathed by clause 6 vested in the legatees therein mentioned, viz., Julius, Charles, Emma, Walter, Robert and Ida Aneshaensel and Emma Scherrer, Sophie Buchert and Ludwig Schmidt, and that the other one-half vested in the heirs of Anna Aneshaensel, except the testator. All of the other defendants were adults and made default and the bill was taken as confessed as against them. Issues were formed by filing replications to the answers.

The court found and decreed in accordance with the contentions of the heirs of the testator, and ordered that all debts and claims, costs of administration, costs and charges in this suit, including solicitors’ fees taxed and the legacies mentioned in clauses 3 and 4 of the will, be first paid. Ludwig Schmidt being found to be an alien enemy, his specific legacy in clause 5 of the will and all other moneys found payable to him under the will are to be held subject to the rules of the proper officials of the United States government and paid as directed thereby. It was also decreed that the one.-ha.lf. of_the proceeds,of the property mentioned in clause 6 of the will be paid one-ninth each to the legatees mentioned in said clause, other than Anna Aneshaensel and herJieirs^JBudwig Schmidt’s share to be retained as aforesaid, and that all the other property of the testator, including the proceeds of the insurance policy aforesaid, should be distributed as intestate property to the heirs of. the testator: to William Aneshaensel one-third; to Julius, Charles and Walter Aneshaensel and Emma Scherrer each one-twelfth; and to Ludwig Schmidt, for the use of and as directed by the custodian of alien enemy property, the remaining one-third. The court specifically held that all of the property devised to the wife in clause 2 and one-half of the property described in clause 6 of the will, and willed to the wife during her life and the remainder to her heirs, descended to the heirs of the testator, including the proceeds of the insurance policy. Bertha Bang has brought this appeal.

There is no contest on any question of fact in this case. The first legal question that will be considered arises with reference to the proceeds of the insurance policy which was issued on the life.of the testator and made payable to Anna Aneshaensel or her children. The beneficiary in this policy had no children at the time she died. The beneficiary was never changed.by the testator, and by the express terms of his will the policy was to be paid to her at his death, therefore the policy at the testator’s death was payable to her administrator or legal representatives, as the alternative beneficiaries named in the policy had no existence. Had her administrator collected the policy the proceeds would have been distributed as other intestate property after the payment of debts and expenses of administration. There was no such administration and no necessity for such, so far as this record shows. The third paragraph of section 1 of our statute on descent provides: “When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or children, or descendants of a child or children of the intestate, then (after the payment of all just debts) one-half of the real estate and the whole of the personal estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband as an absolute estate forever, and the other half of the real estate shall descend as in other cases, where there is no child or children or descendants of a child or children.” The policy of insurance was therefore properly paid to the bank as the conservator of the testator and was chargeable to the administrator after it was appointed as administrator, to be distributed under the provisions of the testator’s will.

By the second clause of the will the testator devised to Anna Aneshaensel, in fee, the real estate described as his residence. By the sixth clause he devised the remainder of his real estate to her for and during the term of her natural life, and the remainder in one-half thereof after her death to her heirs, or to her devisees in case she leaves a will, “in fee simple.” By this devise Anna Aneshaensel, under the rule in Shelley’s case, would have taken, had she survived the testator, the fee simple title to one-half of all the residue of the real estate. (Ward v. Butler, 239 Ill. 462; Bails v. Davis, 241 id. 536.) The devises of the real property in fee to Anna Aneshaensel lapsed because of her death before the death of the testator and descended to the heirs of the testator as intestate property. The rule of law relating to the devolution of lapsed legacies does not apply to devises of real estate in the absence of special provisions of the will showing a contrary intention. As to such property, a general residuary devise disposing in general terms of the rest and residue of the testator’s property refers only to the real estate possessed by the testator at the time he executed the will, not otherwise disposed of by it. This rule comes from the common law, which favors the heir-at-law, rather than the residuary legatee, in the disposition of realty. The opposite rule prevails in the disposition of personal property by will, the common law in such case favoring the residuary legatee. These same rules also prevail in this State. Crawford v. Cemetery Ass’n, 218 Ill. 399; Galloway v. Darby, 44 L. R. A. (N. S.) 782, and notes on pp. 793, 800.

An absolute title to the personal property was bequeathed to the testator’s wife in the second clause of the will, but this is not true as to the personal property bequeathed to her in the sixth clause, under our view of this will. The bequest of the personal property in the sixth clause is in the same language as the devise of the real estate therein, the same being, “to my wife, Anna, for and during the term of her natural life, and after her death one-half of my said estate to the heirs of my said wife, or to her devisees in case she leaves a will, in fee simple.” The power given by the testator to bequeath the personal property by an absolute title not having.been executed, does not suffice, of itself, to pass an absolute title to the personal property or to the real estate. The fee simple title in the real estate mentioned in this clause was devised under thejnule in Shelley’s case, which- -is-a- -r-ule of-property .and not_o£_construction. That rule has no application to personal property, and this is so in cases where real estate and personal property are disposed of in the same clause and in the same language. (Lord v. Comstock, 240 Ill. 492; Kales on Estates and Future Interests, secs. 438, 439.) The true rule isT^ as stated in the authorities just cited, that the rule in Shelley’s case must be applied as to real estate when it is applicable, even against the expressed intent of the testator, but in the disposition of personal property by will the intent of the testator must be ascertained and followed. Applying this rule, we think it is clear from the context of the will that the testator by the sixth clause of the will bequeathed to his wife a life estate in the residue of his personal property, and that after her death one-half of the remainder is bequeathed to her heirs and the other one-half to the other nine legatees mentioned in that clause, in equal shares. It is a well recognized rule of law that a testator may bequeath a life estate in personal property to another and limit a remainder after it. Pratt v. Skiff, 289 Ill. 268; Hatfield v. Fowler, 60 id. 45.

The only theory upon which the decree of the learned chancellor can be sustained that the now living heirs of Anna Aneshaensel can take no part .of the testator’s personal property as legatees under the sixth clause of the will, is that the testator must be regarded as her heir to such property within the meaning of the words “the heirs of my said wife,” found in said clause. If we so interpret the will as to the personal property, the testator, under our statute on descent, is the sole heir of his wife, and the legacy under said clause to “the heirs of my said wife” lapsed and descended as intestate property to the heirs of the testator. This is so because a legacy is said to lapse either by the death of the legatee before the death of the testator or by the death of the legatee before the estate vests. (Thompson on Wills, sec. 305.) There is no theory upon which it can be said that any of the personal property under said clause actually vested in the testator as legatee before his death, as no property, under the terms of the will, vested in any legatee until after the death of the testator. So if he is to be regarded as the sole heir of his wife, and therefore the sole legatee within the meaning of the words “to the heirs of my said wife,” his legacy lapsed, and the legacy being bequeathed by the residuary clause of the will would descend as intestate property, under the rule that a lapsed legacy of a portion of the residuary estate itself, where the residuary clause is to several legatees in common or in distinct parcels, does not inure to the benefit of the remaining legatees but becomes intestate estate and as such passes to the next of kin or heirs-at-law of the testator. Magnuson v. Magnuson, 197 Ill. 496; Galloway v. Darby, supra, and notes on pp. 811, 813.

The rule is well settled by this court that the word “heirs,” unexplained by the context, will be held to mean the persons appointed by law to succeed to the estate in case of intestacy as to both real and personal property. (Richards v. Miller, 62 Ill. 417; Alexander v. Masonic Aid Ass’n, 126 id. 558.) In the disposition of the real estate in the sixth clause of this will the rule in Shelley’s case applies though it violates the clear intent of the testator, as that rule is a rule of law or of property and not of construction. Appellant’s counsel concede that this is the correct construction as to the real estate devised in that clause.

In the disposition of personal property the intent of the testator as expressed by his will must be followed. Observing this rule, we think it is clear from the context of the will that the testator by the use of the word “heirs” in the sixth clause had reference to blood relatives of his wife, only. This is shown clearly by the fact that he only disposed of about one-third of his personal property and of less than one-half of his real estate to the specific legatees. His intent was to make a special devise of $12,000 of personal property absolutely to his wife and of $7100 to his own blood relatives. He had left more than $38,000 of his personal property and $8500 worth of real estate as the residuum of his estate, which he disposed of by the sixth or residuary clause. In the disposition of this residuary estate he gave equal consideration to his wife and her heirs and his own' blood relatives, giving to her and her heirs and his blood relatives one-half each. What the causes are that moved the testator to accord to his wife and her heirs this consideration in' dividing his residuary estate is not shown by the record, but it is clear from his will that he considered such a disposition as the right thing for him to make. At - any rate, we think it is clear that he intended that his wife and her blood relatives or next of kin should have one-half of the residuary estate and that his blood relatives should have the other half, and that he did not have any thought of making himself a legatee under his own will or of himself being included within the designation of “heirs o'f my said wife.” He contemplated in the making of his will that his wife would survive him. It is true that he was presumed to know the law, and it is also true that he never changed his will after the death of his wife. There is sufficient explanation of this latter fact in the evidence, which shows that his conservator was appointed just two weeks after the death of his wife, April 4, 1917. Therefore there is no presumption against the blood relatives of the testator’s wife because of the fact that the will was not changed, as he is presumed to have been mentally incompetent to make another will. We hold that in the use of the —• —— - - n ,, words “heirs of my said wife” the testator only intended to include her héirs who were her blood relatives, and that such heirs or blood relatives who are made parties defendant to the bill should take one-half of all the personal propertyJ bequeathed to her heirs under the sixth clause of the will. This court has not hesitated to hold that the widow or the husband will not be included under the designation “heirs” or “heirs-at-law,” notwithstanding the provisions of our statute, where the facts are such that we are not bound by any rule of law or of property to make a different ruling. Black v. Jones, 264 Ill. 548; Smith v. Winsor, 239 id. 567.

It is a general rule that specific lapsed legacies fall into the general residuary fund and are to be distributed among the residuary legatees. There is an exception to this general rule, that where the legacies are given to several legatees and the residue is bequeathed to the same legatees it follows that the residue will not include a lapsed legacy to one of them, because to so hold would be the equivalent of holding that the testator intended to bequeath to one who died a portion of the residue. (Crawford v. Cemetery Ass’n, supra.) All of the special legatees, including the widow, were made legatees of the personal property in the sixth clause of the will. All the personal property in the second clause of the will under this holding should be distributed to the heirs of the testator as intestate property. This holding excludes not only the heirs or blood relatives of Anna Aneshaensel, but also the four children of William Aneshaensel, the living brother of the testator. The proceeds of the insurance policy are likewise to be distributed to the heirs of the testator, as they were a part of the personal estate of the testator acquired by him as the heir of his intestate wife and of which he died possessed. In fine, all of the property, both real and personal, of which the testator died seized and possessed, for the reasons aforesaid, is to be distributed among the heirs of the testator, except the special legacies mentioned in clauses 3, 4 and 5 of the will, correct dispositions of which were made by the trial court, and except, also, the personal property devised in the sixth clause of the will, which is to be distributed one-half to the next, of kin,or heirs of Anna Aneshaensel per stirpes, as already indicated, and the other half to the other nine legatees mentioned in said clause, and except, also, the one-half of the residue of the real estate mentioned in the same clause of the will, which is given to the nine devisees named.

For the reasons aforesaid the decree of the circuit court is affirmed in part and in part reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to render a decree in harmony with the views herein expressed.

Reversed in part and remanded.