03/30/2021
DA 19-0583 Case Number: DA 19-0583
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2021 MT 81N
KAHANE THOMAS BEAVERS,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District, In and For the County of Cascade, Cause No. ADV-19-268 Honorable Gregory R. Pinski, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Kahane Thomas Beavers, Self-Represented, Shelby, Montana
For Appellee:
Austin Knudsen, Montana Attorney General, Roy Brown, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Joshua A. Racki, Cascade County Attorney, Amanda Lofink, Deputy County Attorney, Great Falls, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 6, 2021
Decided: March 30, 2021
Filed:
cir-641.—if __________________________________________ Clerk Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion, shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Defendant Kahane Thomas Beavers appeals from the April 1, 2019 order of the
Eighth Judicial District Court, Cascade County, denying his petition for postconviction
relief and petition for writ of habeas corpus.
¶3 This Court confines review to those issues properly preserved for appeal.
Section 46-20-104(2), MCA; State v. Longfellow, 2008 MT 343, ¶ 19, 346 Mont. 286,
194 P.3d 694. We decline to consider issues Beavers raises for the first time on appeal.
Therefore, we consider the following two issues which we determine are properly before
us: (1) whether defense counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that Beavers should
have been sentenced under the 2017 legislative revisions to the sexual intercourse without
consent statutes passed by Senate Bill 29 (SB 29); and (2) whether the District Court abused
its discretion when it dismissed Beavers’ postconviction relief petition without holding an
evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
¶4 On July 13, 2016, Beavers was charged with one count of sexual intercourse without
consent in violation of § 45-5-503 (2015), MCA, after allegedly committing the crime on
July 8, 2016. Beavers pled guilty pursuant to a non-binding plea agreement on December 4,
2 2017. The District Court accepted the guilty plea and sentenced Beavers to Montana State
Prison for 65 years, with no time suspended on February 28, 2018.
¶5 Beavers filed a petition for postconviction relief in the District Court arguing his
counsel was ineffective for failing to argue for the application of the 2017 revised sexual
intercourse without consent penalties. The District Court entered an order denying
Beavers’ petition without holding a hearing.
¶6 Between the time Beavers committed the offense and his sentencing, the 2017
Legislature passed SB 29, which, among other things, provided a broader definition of
“consent” and revised penalties for sexual offenses.
¶7 The penalty for sexual intercourse without consent under the 2015 version of the
statute was life imprisonment or an applicable range of incarceration between 2 to 100
years. Section 45-5-503 (2015), MCA. The 2017 amendments changed the penalty for
sexual intercourse without consent to “life imprisonment or by imprisonment in the
state prison for a term of not more than 20 years.” 2017 Mont. Laws, ch. 279, § 3. The
legislature clarified: “[This Act] applies to crimes committed on or after [the effective date
of this Act].” The effective date of the Act was October 1, 2017.
2017 Mont. Laws, ch. 279, § 8.
¶8 The District Court determined the 2015 sexual intercourse without consent penalties
applied because these laws were in effect when Beavers committed the offense. The
District Court made clear that SB 29, in its entirety, only applied to crimes “committed on
or after [October 1, 2017].” The District Court reasoned that Beavers was subject to the
3 2015 law because Beavers committed his offense before the applicability date of the Act
and pled guilty to violating the 2015 version of the law.
¶9 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to
determine whether the court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether its
conclusions of law are correct. Heath v. State, 2009 MT 7, ¶ 13, 348 Mont. 361,
202 P.3d 118.
¶10 Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are mixed questions of law and fact which
we review de novo. State v. Ward, 2020 MT 36, ¶ 15, 399 Mont. 16, 457 P.3d 955. A
postconviction petitioner bears a heavy burden in seeking to overturn a district court’s
denial of postconviction relief based on ineffective assistance of counsel claims.
Baca v. State, 2008 MT 371, ¶ 16, 346 Mont. 474, 197 P.3d 948.
¶11 Discretionary rulings made by the district court in a postconviction relief
proceeding, including rulings on whether to hold an evidentiary hearing, are reviewed for
an abuse of discretion. Heath, ¶ 13.
¶12 Beavers argues his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue at sentencing
that Beavers should be sentenced under the 2017 legislative revisions to the
sexual intercourse without consent statutes passed by SB 29. Beavers asserts the 2017
legislative revisions became effective before he was sentenced and thus should apply.
We disagree.
¶13 By applying statutory changes to the date of occurrence, rather than to the date of
sentencing, the Legislature carefully avoids case processing pitfalls. State v. Thomas,
4 2019 MT 155, ¶ 14, 396 Mont. 284, 445 P.3d 777. In applying a statute, this Court will
ascertain legislative intent and give effect to legislative will. Thomas, ¶ 8.
¶14 In order to succeed on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a postconviction
petitioner has a burden to demonstrate: (1) “that counsel’s performance was deficient—
making errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as ‘counsel’ guaranteed by the
Sixth Amendment,” and (2) “that counsel’s performance prejudiced the defendant, in other
words, that the errors ‘were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.’”
State v. Schowengerdt, 2018 MT 7, ¶ 31, 390 Mont. 123, 409 P.3d 38
(quoting Whitlow v. State, 2008 MT 140, ¶ 10, 343 Mont. 90, 183 P.3d 861). A defendant
must satisfy both prongs of this test and, if an insufficient showing is made on one prong,
this Court need not address the other prong. Baca, ¶ 16.
¶15 We find no merit in Beavers’ claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The
Legislature manifested an intent for SB 29, in its entirety, to apply to crimes committed on
or after October 1, 2017. Beavers committed the crime on July 8, 2016. The District Court
correctly applied the 2015 statute in sentencing, and Beavers’ counsel was not ineffective
for declining to argue otherwise. We affirm the District Court’s holding that Beavers did
not receive ineffective assistance of counsel.
¶16 The District Court did not abuse its discretion when it dismissed Beavers’
postconviction relief petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. A district court may
dismiss a petition for postconviction relief without holding an evidentiary hearing if the
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03/30/2021
DA 19-0583 Case Number: DA 19-0583
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2021 MT 81N
KAHANE THOMAS BEAVERS,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District, In and For the County of Cascade, Cause No. ADV-19-268 Honorable Gregory R. Pinski, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Kahane Thomas Beavers, Self-Represented, Shelby, Montana
For Appellee:
Austin Knudsen, Montana Attorney General, Roy Brown, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Joshua A. Racki, Cascade County Attorney, Amanda Lofink, Deputy County Attorney, Great Falls, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 6, 2021
Decided: March 30, 2021
Filed:
cir-641.—if __________________________________________ Clerk Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion, shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Defendant Kahane Thomas Beavers appeals from the April 1, 2019 order of the
Eighth Judicial District Court, Cascade County, denying his petition for postconviction
relief and petition for writ of habeas corpus.
¶3 This Court confines review to those issues properly preserved for appeal.
Section 46-20-104(2), MCA; State v. Longfellow, 2008 MT 343, ¶ 19, 346 Mont. 286,
194 P.3d 694. We decline to consider issues Beavers raises for the first time on appeal.
Therefore, we consider the following two issues which we determine are properly before
us: (1) whether defense counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that Beavers should
have been sentenced under the 2017 legislative revisions to the sexual intercourse without
consent statutes passed by Senate Bill 29 (SB 29); and (2) whether the District Court abused
its discretion when it dismissed Beavers’ postconviction relief petition without holding an
evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
¶4 On July 13, 2016, Beavers was charged with one count of sexual intercourse without
consent in violation of § 45-5-503 (2015), MCA, after allegedly committing the crime on
July 8, 2016. Beavers pled guilty pursuant to a non-binding plea agreement on December 4,
2 2017. The District Court accepted the guilty plea and sentenced Beavers to Montana State
Prison for 65 years, with no time suspended on February 28, 2018.
¶5 Beavers filed a petition for postconviction relief in the District Court arguing his
counsel was ineffective for failing to argue for the application of the 2017 revised sexual
intercourse without consent penalties. The District Court entered an order denying
Beavers’ petition without holding a hearing.
¶6 Between the time Beavers committed the offense and his sentencing, the 2017
Legislature passed SB 29, which, among other things, provided a broader definition of
“consent” and revised penalties for sexual offenses.
¶7 The penalty for sexual intercourse without consent under the 2015 version of the
statute was life imprisonment or an applicable range of incarceration between 2 to 100
years. Section 45-5-503 (2015), MCA. The 2017 amendments changed the penalty for
sexual intercourse without consent to “life imprisonment or by imprisonment in the
state prison for a term of not more than 20 years.” 2017 Mont. Laws, ch. 279, § 3. The
legislature clarified: “[This Act] applies to crimes committed on or after [the effective date
of this Act].” The effective date of the Act was October 1, 2017.
2017 Mont. Laws, ch. 279, § 8.
¶8 The District Court determined the 2015 sexual intercourse without consent penalties
applied because these laws were in effect when Beavers committed the offense. The
District Court made clear that SB 29, in its entirety, only applied to crimes “committed on
or after [October 1, 2017].” The District Court reasoned that Beavers was subject to the
3 2015 law because Beavers committed his offense before the applicability date of the Act
and pled guilty to violating the 2015 version of the law.
¶9 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to
determine whether the court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous and whether its
conclusions of law are correct. Heath v. State, 2009 MT 7, ¶ 13, 348 Mont. 361,
202 P.3d 118.
¶10 Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are mixed questions of law and fact which
we review de novo. State v. Ward, 2020 MT 36, ¶ 15, 399 Mont. 16, 457 P.3d 955. A
postconviction petitioner bears a heavy burden in seeking to overturn a district court’s
denial of postconviction relief based on ineffective assistance of counsel claims.
Baca v. State, 2008 MT 371, ¶ 16, 346 Mont. 474, 197 P.3d 948.
¶11 Discretionary rulings made by the district court in a postconviction relief
proceeding, including rulings on whether to hold an evidentiary hearing, are reviewed for
an abuse of discretion. Heath, ¶ 13.
¶12 Beavers argues his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue at sentencing
that Beavers should be sentenced under the 2017 legislative revisions to the
sexual intercourse without consent statutes passed by SB 29. Beavers asserts the 2017
legislative revisions became effective before he was sentenced and thus should apply.
We disagree.
¶13 By applying statutory changes to the date of occurrence, rather than to the date of
sentencing, the Legislature carefully avoids case processing pitfalls. State v. Thomas,
4 2019 MT 155, ¶ 14, 396 Mont. 284, 445 P.3d 777. In applying a statute, this Court will
ascertain legislative intent and give effect to legislative will. Thomas, ¶ 8.
¶14 In order to succeed on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a postconviction
petitioner has a burden to demonstrate: (1) “that counsel’s performance was deficient—
making errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as ‘counsel’ guaranteed by the
Sixth Amendment,” and (2) “that counsel’s performance prejudiced the defendant, in other
words, that the errors ‘were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.’”
State v. Schowengerdt, 2018 MT 7, ¶ 31, 390 Mont. 123, 409 P.3d 38
(quoting Whitlow v. State, 2008 MT 140, ¶ 10, 343 Mont. 90, 183 P.3d 861). A defendant
must satisfy both prongs of this test and, if an insufficient showing is made on one prong,
this Court need not address the other prong. Baca, ¶ 16.
¶15 We find no merit in Beavers’ claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The
Legislature manifested an intent for SB 29, in its entirety, to apply to crimes committed on
or after October 1, 2017. Beavers committed the crime on July 8, 2016. The District Court
correctly applied the 2015 statute in sentencing, and Beavers’ counsel was not ineffective
for declining to argue otherwise. We affirm the District Court’s holding that Beavers did
not receive ineffective assistance of counsel.
¶16 The District Court did not abuse its discretion when it dismissed Beavers’
postconviction relief petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. A district court may
dismiss a petition for postconviction relief without holding an evidentiary hearing if the
petition fails to satisfy the procedural threshold pursuant to § 46-21-104(1)(c), MCA.
5 Hamilton v. State, 2010 MT 25, ¶ 10, 355 Mont. 133, 226 P.3d 588. A petition for relief
must identify all facts supporting the grounds for relief set forth in the petition and have
attached affidavits, records, or other evidence establishing the existence of those facts.
Section 46-21-104(1)(c), MCA. The petition must be accompanied by a supporting
memorandum, including appropriate arguments and citations and discussions of
authorities. Section 46-21-104(2), MCA. A district court may dismiss a petition for
postconviction relief without ordering a response if the petition, files, and records
conclusively show that the petitioner is not entitled to relief.
Section 46-21-201(1)(a), MCA. Hamilton, ¶ 11.
¶17 Beavers was not entitled to an evidentiary hearing in this case. An evidentiary
hearing as to why defense counsel did not raise a meritless argument at sentencing would
have been futile. The District Court did not abuse its discretion in declining to hold an
evidentiary hearing with respect to this claim.
¶18 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. This appeal presents
no constitutional issues, no issues of first impression, and does not establish new precedent
or modify existing precedent. Affirmed.
/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA
We Concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH /S/ LAURIE McKINNON /S/ BETH BAKER /S/ INGRID GUSTAFSON 6