Walker, J.,
after stating the case: The will which we are asked to construe has no general residuary clause. The testatrix, in item 4, devised certain lots in the city of Raleigh to her executor for the purpose of being sold, with the direction that of the proceeds of the sale $700 should be applied as provided in item 2, .and the residue “in discharge of the pecu
niary legacies” given in a subsequent part of tlie will. In item 5 slie bequeathes from the fund thus to be created by a sale of the lots the sum of $500 to her brother, Frank Haywood, and $500 to each of her nephews, who are named in that item. She then provides that, if her brother, Frank Haywood, should predecease her, the legacy intended for him shall go to the trustees and vestry of Christ Church. If the residue of the fund is not sufficient to pay the legacies given to her nephews in full, they shall abate
pro rata,
and “if there shall be a surplus” it is bequeathed to the said trustees and vestry of Christ Church. Her brother and one of her nephews, John Bryan, died in the lifetime of the testatrix. The particular question before us for our decision, and upon which our judgment and direction are now sought by the executor, concerns the proper disposition of the legacy given to the deceased nephew, John Bryan. Does it go to Christ Church, or did the testatrix die intestate as to that part of the fund, so as to subject it as undisposed of property to the statute of distribution ? We are of the opinion, after most careful consideration, that the latter is the correct view to be taken in respect of this bequest. The very same question was raised in the case of
Davis v. Davis,
62 Ohio St., 411, in -which the Court, referring to a contrary ruling by the Judge below, thus states and applies the rule of construction: “This conclusion seems at variance with the will and the apparent intention of the testator. The ^balance’ that is given to the so-called residuary legatees is not the general
residuum
of
all
of the testator’s estate, but only what remained of a particular fund derived from specified sources, after deducting therefrom the amount of the charitable legacies and certain other charges upon it. The gift of that balance necessarily excludes from the gift everything that the will provides shall be deducted from the fund in order to arrive at the balance. The testator, when he made his will, evidently expected the bequests to the charities to be valid,
and intended tbe money to be applied to them as provided in tbe will; otherwise, be would not have made snob bequests. That he did not expect those bequests to become void by his death, within a year from the execution of the will, is apparent from the fact that he made no provision for the disposition of the money in that event. And, although the bequests became ineffectual to carry the fund to the expressed objects of the testator’s bounty, it seems obvious his intention was to limit the gift under the so-called residuary clause to whatever balance should remain after these and other charges were taken out of the fund from which they were directed to be paid.” This fits our case exactly. AVe have said there is no clause in this will which purports to dispose of the general
residuum
of the testatrix’s property. The item we are construing is, in terms, limited to the disposition of the balance of a particular fund which was derived from a specified source, first, to the payment of certain specified legacies, the surplus or residue, if any, to be paid to Christ Church. That surplus of a residue is only what is left after taking from the fund the amount apportioned to her brother and nephews, though from the happening of an unexpected event one of the legacies failed or lapsed. The requirement that the amount of those bequests must be taken from the fund in order to arrive at the balance that shall pass to Christ Church clearly carries an intention of the testatrix that no part of that amount shall go with it. AA^hat disposition she would have made of the legacy which would have gone to John Bryan had he survived her, if at the time she made her will she had anticipated the failure of that legacy, is left .to mere conjecture, and we are not authorized to act upon the presumption that she did not intend to die intestate as to any part of her property, in order to dispose of that part of the fund as we may now suppose the testatrix would have done had her attention been directed to the matter. “In the construction of wills conjecture is not permitted to- supply what the testator has
failed to indicate; for, as the law has provided a definite successor, in the absence of disposition, it would be unjust to allow the right of this ascertained object to be superseded by the claim of any one not pointed out by the testator with equal distinctness.”
Davis v. Davis,
supra, citing 1 Jarman on Wills, 326. The same doctrine, as we have stated, is recognized in the learned and exhaustive opinion of the Court in
Kerr v. Dougherty,
79 N. Y., 327, where it is said: “The general rule is that in a will of personal property the general residuary clause carries whatever is not otherwise legally disposed of. But this rule does not apply where the-bequest is of a
residue of a residue
and the first disposition fails. This was held in
Beekman v. Bonsor,
23 N. Y., 298, 312, and as it was there laid down, quoting from the master of the rolls in
Skrymsher v. Northcote,
1 Swanst., 570: It seems clear, on the authorities, that a part of' the residue of which the deposition fails will not accrue in augmentation of the remaining parts as a
residue of a residue;
but, instead of resuming the nature of residue, it devolves as undisposed of.7
Downing v.
Marshall, 23 N. Y., 382;
White v.
Howard, 46
id.,
144.” See, also,
Riker v. Cornwell,
113 N. Y., 125, where the following case is stated: “I give all my 3 per cents to A, and all the rest of my government stocks to B, and if the gift of the 3 per cents to A fails by lapse, will they go to B ? It appears to me the answer must be in the negative, for it is quite clear that the rest of the government stocks was not a residuary bequest which could take in or include the particular thing which was given by a separate description to somebody else. * * * The failure of the first gift would not be for the benefit of the person to whom the other stocks are given,77 citing
Springett v. Jennings,
L. R., 6 Ch. App., 333. The general rule prevailing with us
(Simms v. Garrot,
21 N. C., 395) is also there stated, as follows: “The doctrine is firmly established by the reported cases and by the text-books that, where the residuary bequest is not circumscribed by
clear expressions, in the instrument, and the title of the residuary legatee is not narrowed by special words of unmistakable import, he will take whatever may fall into the residue, whether by lapse, invalid dispositions or other accident.” But not so when the residue is given out of a particular fund, as in our case, and is itself what is left after deducting certain sums from another residue. The amount going to the beneficiary of the last
residuum
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Walker, J.,
after stating the case: The will which we are asked to construe has no general residuary clause. The testatrix, in item 4, devised certain lots in the city of Raleigh to her executor for the purpose of being sold, with the direction that of the proceeds of the sale $700 should be applied as provided in item 2, .and the residue “in discharge of the pecu
niary legacies” given in a subsequent part of tlie will. In item 5 slie bequeathes from the fund thus to be created by a sale of the lots the sum of $500 to her brother, Frank Haywood, and $500 to each of her nephews, who are named in that item. She then provides that, if her brother, Frank Haywood, should predecease her, the legacy intended for him shall go to the trustees and vestry of Christ Church. If the residue of the fund is not sufficient to pay the legacies given to her nephews in full, they shall abate
pro rata,
and “if there shall be a surplus” it is bequeathed to the said trustees and vestry of Christ Church. Her brother and one of her nephews, John Bryan, died in the lifetime of the testatrix. The particular question before us for our decision, and upon which our judgment and direction are now sought by the executor, concerns the proper disposition of the legacy given to the deceased nephew, John Bryan. Does it go to Christ Church, or did the testatrix die intestate as to that part of the fund, so as to subject it as undisposed of property to the statute of distribution ? We are of the opinion, after most careful consideration, that the latter is the correct view to be taken in respect of this bequest. The very same question was raised in the case of
Davis v. Davis,
62 Ohio St., 411, in -which the Court, referring to a contrary ruling by the Judge below, thus states and applies the rule of construction: “This conclusion seems at variance with the will and the apparent intention of the testator. The ^balance’ that is given to the so-called residuary legatees is not the general
residuum
of
all
of the testator’s estate, but only what remained of a particular fund derived from specified sources, after deducting therefrom the amount of the charitable legacies and certain other charges upon it. The gift of that balance necessarily excludes from the gift everything that the will provides shall be deducted from the fund in order to arrive at the balance. The testator, when he made his will, evidently expected the bequests to the charities to be valid,
and intended tbe money to be applied to them as provided in tbe will; otherwise, be would not have made snob bequests. That he did not expect those bequests to become void by his death, within a year from the execution of the will, is apparent from the fact that he made no provision for the disposition of the money in that event. And, although the bequests became ineffectual to carry the fund to the expressed objects of the testator’s bounty, it seems obvious his intention was to limit the gift under the so-called residuary clause to whatever balance should remain after these and other charges were taken out of the fund from which they were directed to be paid.” This fits our case exactly. AVe have said there is no clause in this will which purports to dispose of the general
residuum
of the testatrix’s property. The item we are construing is, in terms, limited to the disposition of the balance of a particular fund which was derived from a specified source, first, to the payment of certain specified legacies, the surplus or residue, if any, to be paid to Christ Church. That surplus of a residue is only what is left after taking from the fund the amount apportioned to her brother and nephews, though from the happening of an unexpected event one of the legacies failed or lapsed. The requirement that the amount of those bequests must be taken from the fund in order to arrive at the balance that shall pass to Christ Church clearly carries an intention of the testatrix that no part of that amount shall go with it. AA^hat disposition she would have made of the legacy which would have gone to John Bryan had he survived her, if at the time she made her will she had anticipated the failure of that legacy, is left .to mere conjecture, and we are not authorized to act upon the presumption that she did not intend to die intestate as to any part of her property, in order to dispose of that part of the fund as we may now suppose the testatrix would have done had her attention been directed to the matter. “In the construction of wills conjecture is not permitted to- supply what the testator has
failed to indicate; for, as the law has provided a definite successor, in the absence of disposition, it would be unjust to allow the right of this ascertained object to be superseded by the claim of any one not pointed out by the testator with equal distinctness.”
Davis v. Davis,
supra, citing 1 Jarman on Wills, 326. The same doctrine, as we have stated, is recognized in the learned and exhaustive opinion of the Court in
Kerr v. Dougherty,
79 N. Y., 327, where it is said: “The general rule is that in a will of personal property the general residuary clause carries whatever is not otherwise legally disposed of. But this rule does not apply where the-bequest is of a
residue of a residue
and the first disposition fails. This was held in
Beekman v. Bonsor,
23 N. Y., 298, 312, and as it was there laid down, quoting from the master of the rolls in
Skrymsher v. Northcote,
1 Swanst., 570: It seems clear, on the authorities, that a part of' the residue of which the deposition fails will not accrue in augmentation of the remaining parts as a
residue of a residue;
but, instead of resuming the nature of residue, it devolves as undisposed of.7
Downing v.
Marshall, 23 N. Y., 382;
White v.
Howard, 46
id.,
144.” See, also,
Riker v. Cornwell,
113 N. Y., 125, where the following case is stated: “I give all my 3 per cents to A, and all the rest of my government stocks to B, and if the gift of the 3 per cents to A fails by lapse, will they go to B ? It appears to me the answer must be in the negative, for it is quite clear that the rest of the government stocks was not a residuary bequest which could take in or include the particular thing which was given by a separate description to somebody else. * * * The failure of the first gift would not be for the benefit of the person to whom the other stocks are given,77 citing
Springett v. Jennings,
L. R., 6 Ch. App., 333. The general rule prevailing with us
(Simms v. Garrot,
21 N. C., 395) is also there stated, as follows: “The doctrine is firmly established by the reported cases and by the text-books that, where the residuary bequest is not circumscribed by
clear expressions, in the instrument, and the title of the residuary legatee is not narrowed by special words of unmistakable import, he will take whatever may fall into the residue, whether by lapse, invalid dispositions or other accident.” But not so when the residue is given out of a particular fund, as in our case, and is itself what is left after deducting certain sums from another residue. The amount going to the beneficiary of the last
residuum
is fixed by the terms of the will, as used by the testatrix at the time of its execution, and the final residue is described in certain and unmistakable language.
Peay v. Barber,
1 Hill Ch., star p. 95 (10 So. Ca. Eq. Rep., 69). In
King v. Woodhull,
3 Edw. Ch., 82, it is laid down that “to entitle a residuary legatee to the benefit of a lapsed or void-bequest he must be a legatee of the residue generally, and not jaartially so; for, where it is manifest from the express words of the will that a gift of the residue is confined to the residue of a particular fund or a description of property, or to some certain
residuum,
he will be restricted to what is thus particularly given, since the legatee cannot take more than is fairly'within the scope of the gift.”
In
Winston v. Webb,
62 N. C., 1, this Court held that when a residuary fund is given by will to the children of a certain person, to be equally divided between them
as a class
— that is, not naming them — and one of them die in the lifetime of the testator, his share will lapse for the benefit of the other residuary legatees;, but if such a fund be given to the children,
not as a class,
but
nominatim,
to be equally divided between them, and one of them die before the. testator, that share will lapse, but will not fall into the residue for the benefit of the other children, whose shares, it is said, cannot be enlarged by such event, citing several cases, which cases show, says the Court, that the lapsed residuary share is un-disposed of by the will and must be distributed among the next of kin. The legacy to the church in this case is specific, according to the authorities.
Johnson v. Johnson,
38 N. C.,
426;
Everett v. Lane,
37 N. C., 548;
Perry v. Maxwell,
17 N. C., 488;
Morisey v. Brown,
144 N. C., 154. It is tr.ue tbe exact amount of it 'was not determined at the time it was given by the will, but, under the maxim,
Id cerium, est quod certum reddi potest,
it could be rendered certain by deducting from the proceeds of the sale the amount of the other legacies and the sum of $700. mentioned in item 2. The balance, increased by the amount of the legacy given to the testatrix’s brother, Frank Haywood, is the residue intended for the church, subject, of course, to costs and expenses of administration.
We do not think the case of
Simms v. Garrot,
21 N. C., 395, so confidently relied on by the defendants, is an authority in point or sustains their contention. There the Court merely decided that a lapsed general legacy did not fall into a residue which was only partial in its nature. • But we are of the opinion that on the face of this will there are clear indications of what the true intention of the testatrix was. It is evident that she was not
inops consilii,
but was acting under the advice and guidance of some one very learned in the law. The fact that she made specific provision that the legacy given to her brother, who was old at the time she executed her will, should fall into the residue bequeathed to the church tends strongly to show that she knew what would be the legal consequence if no such provision had been made by her. If she thought that it would go to the church if no special disposition was made of it in the event of a lapse, why insert such a provision in the will? If she thought it would not go to the church, but would lapse as a legacy and go to the next of kin, it would be strange indeed that she did not make a similar provision in regard to the other legacies or any one of them, if she intended the share of the church to be augmented by a lapse. The difference in the ages of her brother and her nephews cannot material!}; affect or weaken this reasoning. One of her nephews, John Bryan, did predecease her, and if
it was ber purpose tbat bis share should fall into the partial residue given to the church, why was not the will changed so as to effectuate this purpose, not merely to provide for a contingency, as she had done in the case of her brother, but for an event which had actually occurred ? Her silence with respect to the Bryan legacy after it had lapsed by his death, together with the other reason first assigned, while perhaps not controlling in construing the will, should have their weight in ascertaining what was the will — the intent — of the testatrix. There are other and perhaps stronger reasons available to the next of kin of the testatrix to establish the correctness of their contention, but those already given we deem sufficient for the purpose.
We hold that-there was a conversion of the lots into personalty by the sale thereof under the terms of the will
(Benbow v. Moore,
114 N. C., 263;
Duckworth v. Jordan,
138 N. C., 520), and the legacy to John Bryan lapsed by his death in the lifetime of the testatrix. His intended share must therefore be distributed among her next of kin. This accords with the ruling of the learned Judge who heard the case below. We have carefully examined all the authorities cited by the counsel for the church, and do not think they should change our view of the case.,
Affirmed.