Opinion of the Court by
Judge Hurt.
Affirming.
Tbe appellant, J. R. Barrett, and Maude Gibson were married in Simpson county on tbe 14th day of October, 1908. Tbe appellant at that time' bad employment in Nashville, Tennessee, and be and bis wife resided there during that year, but in 1909 they returned to Simpson county, as both were born and reared in that county. They resided in Simpson county until in 1911, when tbe wife became sick from pulmonary tuberculosis, and upon the advice of a physician, they went to Colorado for the benefit of her health. After sojourning at Pueblo in that state for three weeks, they went'to Colorado Springs. In tbe latter part of tbe year 1911 tbe appellant returned to Simpson county, where be remained for five months [92]*92before returning to Colorado. They remained at Colorado Springs until, according to appellant, in July, 1912, when they went to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Previous •to this time, however, the wife bad been in Oklahoma and, also, at Portales, New Mexico. The bank pass book, which appellant used while at Colorado Springs, shows checks to have been given by him upon a bank at that place as late as January, 1913, and appellees contend that was the date of the removal of appellant and his wife from that place to Albuquerque. This, however, is unimportant, except as a circumstance touching the issue as to what state the wife was an inhabitant of at the time of her death, which occurred at Albuquerque on November 13th, 1913. After her death, the appellant immediately disposed of any effects he may have had there, and brought the body of his wife to Simpson county where she was buried and where he had continued to reside ever since, without having returned to New Mexico. After her death the appellee, Minor Gibson, was, by an order of the Simpson county court, appointed administrator of her estate and instituted this action in the circuit court to recover from appellant the estate which he alleged amounted to the sum of $3,000.00, and of which the decedent died the owner, and which, as he alleged, the appellant had converted to his own use. The appellant’s defense was a traverse of the petition and amended petition, and further, that at the time of the death of his wife she was domiciled in the state of .New Mexico, and that under the laws of that state, she having died leaving no children, he was entitled to all of her estate, free from any administration; that she had no property in Simpson county after her death, and for that reason the appointment of an administrator of her estate was void; that he and his wife by agreement placed the moneys, which 'they had as a common fund, subject to the use of either, and that she used for her comfort during her lifetime more than the amount she put into the fund, and more than she had at the time of her marriage; and further, that if it should be adjudged that she was domiciled in Simpson county at the time of her death, and left any estate, that he was entitled to one-half of the personalty, and judgment should not go against him, for exceeding one-half thereof.
Although the suit was purely one at law and brought as such, the parties, without objection, took their proof [93]*93by depositions, and treated the canse as one of equitable cognizance. Though much of the evidence upon either side was incompetent, no objection was made to its introduction by either side, and no exceptions were filed or taken by either party.
The court adjudged that the domicile of decedent was in Simpson county at the time of her death, and that she left estate of the value, of $1,500.00, which the appellant had in his possession, and rendered a judgment in favor of her administrator against him for such sum, arid being dissatisfied with the judgment, he has appealed and seeks a reversal of the judgment,, contending that the court was in error in the determination of all the issues of the case.
The contention that administration ought not to have been granted nor the suit maintained, because the estate did not owe any debts and there were no creditors, is without merit. The decedent had heirs at law, and if she was the owner of any personal estate, a distribution was necessary, and if any debts were owing to the estate or any one had without right converted the assets of the estate to his own use, a suit could not.be maintained for the recovery of any debts or demand owing to the estate except by a personal representative, or by a creditor or heir at law, after demand had been made upon the personal representative and he had failed or refused to sue. The personal property of an intestate does not vest in the heir upon the death of the intestate, but it passes to the personal representative provided by law. If there are no debts owing by the intestate, it must necessarily be collected for distribution among the heirs, and if debts are owing to the estate, the heirs can not sue until demand has been -nade of the personal representative to do so, and he has failed or refused, hence the appointment of a personal representative is a necessity if there is to be a collection and distribution of the assets. Lemore, &c. v. Sebree Coal & Mining Co., 121 Ky. 58; Williams v. Coffman, 101 S. W. 919; Brunk v. Means, 11 B. M. 216; Loyd v. Loyd, 20 R. 47; McChord v. Fisher’s Heirs, 13 B. M. 194; Bennett v. Bennett’s Admr., 134 Ky. 444.
The right of the county court of Simpson county to appoint an administrator of the decedent’s estate did not depend alone upon the fact that such was the county of her residence at the time of death. If her residence [94]*94was in New Mexico and she was the owner of personal property or any demands in Simpson county, the county court would have jurisdiction to appoint a personal representative, but being an intestate, the distribution of her personal estate, after the payment of any debts she owed to citizens of this state, would be in accordance, with the laws of New Mexico. Sections 3898, 3899, 3890, Kentucky Statutes. This suit, however, not being one for the settlement of her estate, nor the distribution of the assets, the inquiry, as to whom the assets should be distributed, was not a subject of inquiry in it, nor a question for consideration. The laws of New Mexico, however, providing that personal property of the character owned by decedent, and belonging to a married woman, who should die leaving no children, should vest in the husband without process of administration, it became, in this case, important to determine the county of her domicile at the time of her death. The issue was sharply made. The evidence consisted of many facts and circumstances, and the court below determined that Simpson county was the couzzty of her doznicile at her death, and that her residing izi New Mexico was temporary and not with the purpose of changing her residence from Simpson county. We az’e unable to say that the court was izi error in its conclusion.
Previous to the act of March 15th, 1894, a husband could, by the mere act of reducing to his possession and coziverting to his own use the personal property constituting the general estate of his wife, thereby make himself the owner of it, but that act provided that, “marriage shall give to the husband, during the life of his wife, no estate or interest in the wife’s property, real or personal, owned at the time or acquired after the marriage. Duzdng the existence of the marriage relation the wife shall hold and own all her estate to her separate and exclusive use and free from the debts, liabilities or control of her husband.” It is true that tliis act does not prohibit nor prevent a married woman giving her personal property to her husband.
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Opinion of the Court by
Judge Hurt.
Affirming.
Tbe appellant, J. R. Barrett, and Maude Gibson were married in Simpson county on tbe 14th day of October, 1908. Tbe appellant at that time' bad employment in Nashville, Tennessee, and be and bis wife resided there during that year, but in 1909 they returned to Simpson county, as both were born and reared in that county. They resided in Simpson county until in 1911, when tbe wife became sick from pulmonary tuberculosis, and upon the advice of a physician, they went to Colorado for the benefit of her health. After sojourning at Pueblo in that state for three weeks, they went'to Colorado Springs. In tbe latter part of tbe year 1911 tbe appellant returned to Simpson county, where be remained for five months [92]*92before returning to Colorado. They remained at Colorado Springs until, according to appellant, in July, 1912, when they went to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Previous •to this time, however, the wife bad been in Oklahoma and, also, at Portales, New Mexico. The bank pass book, which appellant used while at Colorado Springs, shows checks to have been given by him upon a bank at that place as late as January, 1913, and appellees contend that was the date of the removal of appellant and his wife from that place to Albuquerque. This, however, is unimportant, except as a circumstance touching the issue as to what state the wife was an inhabitant of at the time of her death, which occurred at Albuquerque on November 13th, 1913. After her death, the appellant immediately disposed of any effects he may have had there, and brought the body of his wife to Simpson county where she was buried and where he had continued to reside ever since, without having returned to New Mexico. After her death the appellee, Minor Gibson, was, by an order of the Simpson county court, appointed administrator of her estate and instituted this action in the circuit court to recover from appellant the estate which he alleged amounted to the sum of $3,000.00, and of which the decedent died the owner, and which, as he alleged, the appellant had converted to his own use. The appellant’s defense was a traverse of the petition and amended petition, and further, that at the time of the death of his wife she was domiciled in the state of .New Mexico, and that under the laws of that state, she having died leaving no children, he was entitled to all of her estate, free from any administration; that she had no property in Simpson county after her death, and for that reason the appointment of an administrator of her estate was void; that he and his wife by agreement placed the moneys, which 'they had as a common fund, subject to the use of either, and that she used for her comfort during her lifetime more than the amount she put into the fund, and more than she had at the time of her marriage; and further, that if it should be adjudged that she was domiciled in Simpson county at the time of her death, and left any estate, that he was entitled to one-half of the personalty, and judgment should not go against him, for exceeding one-half thereof.
Although the suit was purely one at law and brought as such, the parties, without objection, took their proof [93]*93by depositions, and treated the canse as one of equitable cognizance. Though much of the evidence upon either side was incompetent, no objection was made to its introduction by either side, and no exceptions were filed or taken by either party.
The court adjudged that the domicile of decedent was in Simpson county at the time of her death, and that she left estate of the value, of $1,500.00, which the appellant had in his possession, and rendered a judgment in favor of her administrator against him for such sum, arid being dissatisfied with the judgment, he has appealed and seeks a reversal of the judgment,, contending that the court was in error in the determination of all the issues of the case.
The contention that administration ought not to have been granted nor the suit maintained, because the estate did not owe any debts and there were no creditors, is without merit. The decedent had heirs at law, and if she was the owner of any personal estate, a distribution was necessary, and if any debts were owing to the estate or any one had without right converted the assets of the estate to his own use, a suit could not.be maintained for the recovery of any debts or demand owing to the estate except by a personal representative, or by a creditor or heir at law, after demand had been made upon the personal representative and he had failed or refused to sue. The personal property of an intestate does not vest in the heir upon the death of the intestate, but it passes to the personal representative provided by law. If there are no debts owing by the intestate, it must necessarily be collected for distribution among the heirs, and if debts are owing to the estate, the heirs can not sue until demand has been -nade of the personal representative to do so, and he has failed or refused, hence the appointment of a personal representative is a necessity if there is to be a collection and distribution of the assets. Lemore, &c. v. Sebree Coal & Mining Co., 121 Ky. 58; Williams v. Coffman, 101 S. W. 919; Brunk v. Means, 11 B. M. 216; Loyd v. Loyd, 20 R. 47; McChord v. Fisher’s Heirs, 13 B. M. 194; Bennett v. Bennett’s Admr., 134 Ky. 444.
The right of the county court of Simpson county to appoint an administrator of the decedent’s estate did not depend alone upon the fact that such was the county of her residence at the time of death. If her residence [94]*94was in New Mexico and she was the owner of personal property or any demands in Simpson county, the county court would have jurisdiction to appoint a personal representative, but being an intestate, the distribution of her personal estate, after the payment of any debts she owed to citizens of this state, would be in accordance, with the laws of New Mexico. Sections 3898, 3899, 3890, Kentucky Statutes. This suit, however, not being one for the settlement of her estate, nor the distribution of the assets, the inquiry, as to whom the assets should be distributed, was not a subject of inquiry in it, nor a question for consideration. The laws of New Mexico, however, providing that personal property of the character owned by decedent, and belonging to a married woman, who should die leaving no children, should vest in the husband without process of administration, it became, in this case, important to determine the county of her domicile at the time of her death. The issue was sharply made. The evidence consisted of many facts and circumstances, and the court below determined that Simpson county was the couzzty of her doznicile at her death, and that her residing izi New Mexico was temporary and not with the purpose of changing her residence from Simpson county. We az’e unable to say that the court was izi error in its conclusion.
Previous to the act of March 15th, 1894, a husband could, by the mere act of reducing to his possession and coziverting to his own use the personal property constituting the general estate of his wife, thereby make himself the owner of it, but that act provided that, “marriage shall give to the husband, during the life of his wife, no estate or interest in the wife’s property, real or personal, owned at the time or acquired after the marriage. Duzdng the existence of the marriage relation the wife shall hold and own all her estate to her separate and exclusive use and free from the debts, liabilities or control of her husband.” It is true that tliis act does not prohibit nor prevent a married woman giving her personal property to her husband. Izi the case at bar, there is no evidence of any declaration or act of the wife which would indicate an intention of giving her personal property to her husband. The court, from the evidence, arrived at the conclusion, that there was $1,500.00 of the decedent’s estate, which had not been consumed at the time of her death, and which appellant had appropriated to his own use and which the administrator was entitled to recover [95]*95from Mm for distribution among tbe heirs. The evidence, while not as satisfactory as might be desired, fairly supports the conclusion arrived at by the chancellor.
The appellant contends that the court having determined that the domicile of Ms wife was in the State of Kentucky, and that he owed her estate the sum of $1,500.00, that under the laws of Kentucky, he, as surviving husband, is entitled to one-half of her personal estate, and therefore the court should have rendered judgment against him for only $750.00. Section 2132, Kentucky Statutes, upon which appellant relies for support of this contention, gives to him one-half of the surplus personalty of decedent’s estate.' This is the amount wMch is left for distribution after the payment of all the debts and costs of administration. The suit for the recovery of the judgment against appellant was not a suit in equity for the settlement of the estate of decedent. That is a duty which will yet devolve upon the administrator. The personal representative, when he shall have gathered the assets of the estate into his possession, must distribute same as the law directs, which will insure to appellant one-half of the surplus personalty.
The judgment is therefore affirmed.