Baron v. DIRECTV, LLC

233 F. Supp. 3d 441, 96 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 757, 2017 WL 68688, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1936
CourtDistrict Court, D. Maryland
DecidedJanuary 6, 2017
DocketCIVIL NO. JKB-16-3145
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 233 F. Supp. 3d 441 (Baron v. DIRECTV, LLC) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Maryland primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Baron v. DIRECTV, LLC, 233 F. Supp. 3d 441, 96 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 757, 2017 WL 68688, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1936 (D. Md. 2017).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

James K. Bredar, United States District Judge

Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Paul Y. Baron, Jr.’s motion to strike Defendant DIRECTV, LLC’s affirmative defenses pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f). (ECF No. 20.) The motion has been briefed (ECF Nos. 25 & 26), and no hearing is required, Local Rule 105.6 (D. Md. 2016). The motion will be denied.

Baron has premised his motion to strike all of DIRECTV’S affirmative defenses on the proposition that. affirmative defenses must meet the plausibility pleading standard of Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). Baron acknowledges the undersigned’s declination to apply the Iqbal-Twombly standard to affirmative defenses in the earlier case of LBCMT 2007-CS Urbana Pike, LLC v. Sheppard, 302 F.R.D. 385 (D. Md. 2014), but seeks to preserve the issue for appeal. (Pl.’s Mot. 1 n.1.) Should the Court not grant-Baron’s request, he alternatively asks that ■ the Court strike four specific affirmative defenses as well as DIRECTV’S request for attorney’s fees. (Id. 2.)

Rule 12(f) permits a court to “strike from a pleading an insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter.” The Fourth Circuit has stated,

Rule 12(f) motions are generally viewed with disfavor “because striking a portion of a pleading is a drastic remedy and because it is often sought by the movant simply as a dilatory tactic.” 5A A. Charles Alan Wright et al., Federal Practice & Procedure § 1380, 647 (2d ed. 1990). Nevertheless, “a defense that might confuse the issues in the ease and would not, under the facts alleged, constitute a valid defense to the action can and should be deleted.”. Id. § 1381 at 665.

Waste Management Holdings, Inc. v. Gilmore, 252 F.3d 316, 347 (4th Cir. 2001). In Waste Management, the Court affirmed the district court’s decision to grant a Rule 12(f) motion and to strike an affirmative defense that had no legal precedent in the context of that case. But courts .generally refrain from striking affirmative, defenses [444]*444in the absence of a showing that, by not doing so, the movant would be unfairly prejudiced. See Lockheed Martin Corp. v. United States, 973 F.Supp.2d 591, 592 (D. Md. 2013).

The Court reaffirms its earlier holding that a defendant’s affirmative defenses need not be pleaded according to the Iqbal-Twombly standard. Doing otherwise risks putting this Court at odds with the Fourth Circuit’s standard applicable to Rule 12(f) motions, as stated in Waste Management. It is still the undersigned’s opinion, in the absence of binding precedent, that affirmative defenses need only meet the pleading standard of Rule 8(b)(1)(A), which provides, “In responding to a pleading, a party must state in short and plain terms its defenses to each claim asserted against it.” That standard is noticeably different from Rule 8(a)(2)’s pleading standard governing complaints: “A pleading that states a claim for relief must contain ... a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.”

Thus, a plaintiff is required to show his entitlement to relief, but a defendant is not. A complaint’s required showing of entitlement to relief lay at the heart of the Supreme Court’s analysis in Twombly. That opinion pointedly referred to Rule 8(a)(2)’s mandated showing as a “threshold requirement.” 550 U.S. at 557, 127 S.Ct. 1955. See also Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937 (“But where the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged—but it has not ‘show[n]’—‘that the pleader is entitled to relief.’ ” (citing Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 8(a)(2))). If Rule 8(b)(1)(A) similarly required a defendant to show his entitlement to relief, then application of the Iqbal-Twombly standard to affirmative defenses would be appropriate. For those reasons and for those stated earlier in Sheppard, the Court declines to evaluate the sufficiency of DIRECTV’S affirmative defenses under Rule 8(a)(2)’s standard applicable to complaints.

The Court next considers whether specific affirmative defenses pled by DIRECTV should be stricken as “insufficient,” pursuant to Rule 12(f). Although Baron lists twelve affirmative defenses that he contends are “irrelevant and unsupported” (Pl.’s Mot. 6), he only presents argument as to four of those (id. 7-9). Consequently, the Court will only address those four defenses.

As an affirmative defense, DIRECTV has asserted Baron’s claims are barred because they are subject to arbitration. (Ans. Aff. Defs. ¶ 3, ECF No. 12.) In his complaint, Baron alleges he did not enter into any contracts with DIRECTV for satellite television services and, thus, DIRECTV cannot offer any “supportable argument that arbitration can be maintained as an affirmative defense.” (Pis’ Mot. 7.) Baron’s argument cannot be sustained on the strength of his allegation that he did not enter into a contract with DIRECTV for the reason that the agreement under which the delinquent subscriber, Terra Rygh, obtained those services— and for which Baron paid but now disputes DIRECTV’S entitlement to his payment— could well have obtained an arbitration clause; it is not implausible that an arbitration provision in Ms. Rygh’s contract would reach Baron’s claims asserted in his complaint. Obviously, the validity of this affirmative defense cannot be adjudicated at this early point in the proceedings, prior to discovery and dispositive motions under Rule 56. Accordingly, the defense of arbitration is not insufficient and, thus, not subject to being stricken under Rule 12(f).

Next, Baron contends DIRECTV may not rely upon the defense of accord and satisfaction because there are no allegations in the complaint to support the [445]*445defense. (Id.) He cites no authority for-the proposition that a defendant may only plead affirmative defenses that rest upon specific allegations in the complaint. A defendant bears the burden of proving an affirmative defense, Goodman v. Praxair, Inc., 494 F.3d 458, 464 (4th Cir. 2007), but is not restricted to relying upon the plaintiffs allegations for such proof. Again, the prematurity of Baron’s argument is clear, given the need to resort to as-yet undiscovered evidence to evaluate the defense.

Baron also argues DIRECTV may not invoke the affirmative defense of statute of limitations because it has not posited an applicable limitations period less than eighteen months. (Id. 8.) Baron’s complaint is noticeably vague as to when DIRECTV’S alleged misconduct occurred in relation to the filing of the complaint. He ambiguously alleges, “More than one year and six months after DIRECTV reached into BARON’s bank account and stole money there from ⅛⅛] and demanded [sic] that DIRECTV return the money, DIRECTV has refused to return the money.” (Compl. ¶ 33, ECF No.

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233 F. Supp. 3d 441, 96 Fed. R. Serv. 3d 757, 2017 WL 68688, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1936, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/baron-v-directv-llc-mdd-2017.