DOE, J.
Belle J. Barnes filed a complaint in the district court of Cochise county against L. C. Shattuck, H. E. Hanninger, and Emil Marks, defendants, alleging that William H. Barnes and John H. Martin, attorneys and copartners, had entered into a contract with the said defendants to act as their attorneys in a certain mining litigation between them and one Martin Costello, -involving the title and right of possession to certain mining claims, by the terms of which said contract Barnes & Martin were to receive as compensation for their services from said defendants one-fourth of all money or property received by them as the result of said litigation or by way of settlement or compromise thereof; that Barnes & Martin had fully performed the contract on their part; that pending the litigation a compromise was effected between defendants and Costello, in pursuance of which the defendants had received a large sum of money and a considerable amount of the capital stock of a mining company; that, by reason thereof, Barnes & Martin became entitled to one-fourth of the money and stock so received by the defendants; that under the will, of her deceased husband, William H. Barnes, which had been duly probated, all of his estate had been assigned and distributed to her, and that she was the assignee of all the interest of Barnes & Martin under said contract, the prayer being for an accounting by the defendants of the moneys and stocks so received by them, and that they be” decreed to pay her one-fourth of the money so received and assign to her one-fourth of the stock. Pending the suit of Mrs. Barnes against said defendants a petition' in intervention was filed by Mary E. Street, executrix of the estate of Webster Street, and J. L. B. Alexander, setting forth that during the pendency of the litigation between the defendants and Costello J. L. B. Alexander and Webster Street were attorneys practicing their profession in the city of [342]*342Phoenix; that Street & Alexander were employed by Barnes & Martin and O’Connpll, the attorneys for defendants in their litigation with Costello, to perform certain professional services in connection with such litigation, for which said services the said Barnes & Martin agreed and promised the said Street & Alexander that they would share with them the said fee, and promised them one-third thereof — that is, that 0 ’Connell was to receive one-third, Barnes & Martin one-third, and Street & Alexander one-third of the contingent fee of one-fourth of the money and property received by the defendants upon the termination of the litigation by compromise or otherwise — and praying that O’Connell be made a party defendant, that an accounting be had between all parties, and that the interveners be decreed one-third of the money and property constituting the contingent fee. Demurrers and general denials to the complaint in intervention were filed by both plaintiff and defendants. The defendants pleaded the payment to O’Connell of $18,750, being one-fourth of the recovery, and the payment by him to Belle J. Barnes, executrix of "William H. Barnes, deceased, and assignee of Barnes & Martin, of the sum of $12,500. The demurrers were overruled, .and this appeal is prosecuted from a judgment in favor of interveners and against the plaintiff for the sum of $6,250.
Appellant assigns as error the overruling of her demurrer to the petition in intervention on the grounds that the facts therein stated do not constitute a cause of action nor a ground for intervention. As to the sufficiency of the. allegations of the petition to constitute a cause of action, we are of the opinion that it sufficiently sets forth facts which indicate an intention to make the fund a security for the debt, and brings the pleading within the holding of the supreme court of the United States in the cases of Walker v. Brown, 165 U. S. 654, 17 Sup. Ct. 453, 41 L. Ed. 865, and Ingersoll v. Coram, 211 U. S. 335, 29 Sup. Ct. 92, 53 L. Ed. 208.
As to the other ground of demurrer, paragraph 1278 of the Revised Statutes of 1901 provides*: “Any person who has an interest in the subject matter of the suit, which can be affected by the judgment, may, on leave of the court or judge, intervene in such suit or proceeding at any time before the trial. ’ ’
[343]*343The appellant must have instituted her action upon the theory that the fee of Barnes & Martin consisted of an equitable interest in the proceeds of the compromised litigation to the extent of one-fourth of the money and property received by the defendants thereunder. Under no other theory than that of an equitable assignment might she invoke an accounting and a decree requiring the defendants to transfer and assign to her one-fourth of all the stock in said corporation received by them. The interveners filed their petition, reciting an agreement between Barnes & Martin and Street & Alexander, by the terms of which the latter, in consideration of professional services rendered in said mining litigation, were to receive one-third of the share of Barnes & Martin in the proceeds of such litigation, or any compromise thereof, whether in money or property. If Barnes & Martin were possessed of an equitable interest in a fixed portion of the proceeds of the compromise, and, by virtue of their agreement, Street & Alexander became the owners of, or entitled to, an equitable interest in Barnes & Martin’s share, then clearly they were possessed of an interest in the subject matter of the action of such a direct and immediate character that “they would either gain or lose by the direct legal effect and operation of the judgment,” and, under any construction which may be given the statute, were entitled to intervene.
It is urged by the appellant that the evidence fails to establish an equitable assignment. of any part of Barnes & Martin’s fee or share in the proceeds of the compromise. To constitute an equitable assignment good as between the assignor and assignee, it is not essential that the debt should have been earned or the fund be in esse at the time of the assignment, or that notice be given the present or future holder of the fund. The intent of the parties to create the lien being apparent, it is sufficient that there be a reasonable expectancy that the debt will be fully earned and the fund come into existence. Sykes v. First National Bank, 2 S. D. 242, 49 N. W. 1058; Mitchell v. Winslow, 2 Story, 630, 17 Fed. Cas. 527 (No. 9673).
Whether the agreement in this case constitutes an equitable assignment of that portion of Barnes & Martin’s fee in question is dependent upon the intent of the parties as evidenced by the terms of the agreement in the light of all the [344]*344surrounding- circumstances. Ingersoll v. Coram, supra. It appears from the record that Barnes during the conduct of the litigation between his clients and Costello felt it important in the interest of his clients that a motion for a rehearing in this court should be resisted, and that if granted -and judgment rendered in favor of Costello, an appeal should be taken to the United States supreme court, and that to perform such services he retained the firm of Street & Alexander. Alexander testified: “. . . Finally Judge Barnes made this expression, ‘Now, I want you to attend to this case. I have to go back to New York.
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DOE, J.
Belle J. Barnes filed a complaint in the district court of Cochise county against L. C. Shattuck, H. E. Hanninger, and Emil Marks, defendants, alleging that William H. Barnes and John H. Martin, attorneys and copartners, had entered into a contract with the said defendants to act as their attorneys in a certain mining litigation between them and one Martin Costello, -involving the title and right of possession to certain mining claims, by the terms of which said contract Barnes & Martin were to receive as compensation for their services from said defendants one-fourth of all money or property received by them as the result of said litigation or by way of settlement or compromise thereof; that Barnes & Martin had fully performed the contract on their part; that pending the litigation a compromise was effected between defendants and Costello, in pursuance of which the defendants had received a large sum of money and a considerable amount of the capital stock of a mining company; that, by reason thereof, Barnes & Martin became entitled to one-fourth of the money and stock so received by the defendants; that under the will, of her deceased husband, William H. Barnes, which had been duly probated, all of his estate had been assigned and distributed to her, and that she was the assignee of all the interest of Barnes & Martin under said contract, the prayer being for an accounting by the defendants of the moneys and stocks so received by them, and that they be” decreed to pay her one-fourth of the money so received and assign to her one-fourth of the stock. Pending the suit of Mrs. Barnes against said defendants a petition' in intervention was filed by Mary E. Street, executrix of the estate of Webster Street, and J. L. B. Alexander, setting forth that during the pendency of the litigation between the defendants and Costello J. L. B. Alexander and Webster Street were attorneys practicing their profession in the city of [342]*342Phoenix; that Street & Alexander were employed by Barnes & Martin and O’Connpll, the attorneys for defendants in their litigation with Costello, to perform certain professional services in connection with such litigation, for which said services the said Barnes & Martin agreed and promised the said Street & Alexander that they would share with them the said fee, and promised them one-third thereof — that is, that 0 ’Connell was to receive one-third, Barnes & Martin one-third, and Street & Alexander one-third of the contingent fee of one-fourth of the money and property received by the defendants upon the termination of the litigation by compromise or otherwise — and praying that O’Connell be made a party defendant, that an accounting be had between all parties, and that the interveners be decreed one-third of the money and property constituting the contingent fee. Demurrers and general denials to the complaint in intervention were filed by both plaintiff and defendants. The defendants pleaded the payment to O’Connell of $18,750, being one-fourth of the recovery, and the payment by him to Belle J. Barnes, executrix of "William H. Barnes, deceased, and assignee of Barnes & Martin, of the sum of $12,500. The demurrers were overruled, .and this appeal is prosecuted from a judgment in favor of interveners and against the plaintiff for the sum of $6,250.
Appellant assigns as error the overruling of her demurrer to the petition in intervention on the grounds that the facts therein stated do not constitute a cause of action nor a ground for intervention. As to the sufficiency of the. allegations of the petition to constitute a cause of action, we are of the opinion that it sufficiently sets forth facts which indicate an intention to make the fund a security for the debt, and brings the pleading within the holding of the supreme court of the United States in the cases of Walker v. Brown, 165 U. S. 654, 17 Sup. Ct. 453, 41 L. Ed. 865, and Ingersoll v. Coram, 211 U. S. 335, 29 Sup. Ct. 92, 53 L. Ed. 208.
As to the other ground of demurrer, paragraph 1278 of the Revised Statutes of 1901 provides*: “Any person who has an interest in the subject matter of the suit, which can be affected by the judgment, may, on leave of the court or judge, intervene in such suit or proceeding at any time before the trial. ’ ’
[343]*343The appellant must have instituted her action upon the theory that the fee of Barnes & Martin consisted of an equitable interest in the proceeds of the compromised litigation to the extent of one-fourth of the money and property received by the defendants thereunder. Under no other theory than that of an equitable assignment might she invoke an accounting and a decree requiring the defendants to transfer and assign to her one-fourth of all the stock in said corporation received by them. The interveners filed their petition, reciting an agreement between Barnes & Martin and Street & Alexander, by the terms of which the latter, in consideration of professional services rendered in said mining litigation, were to receive one-third of the share of Barnes & Martin in the proceeds of such litigation, or any compromise thereof, whether in money or property. If Barnes & Martin were possessed of an equitable interest in a fixed portion of the proceeds of the compromise, and, by virtue of their agreement, Street & Alexander became the owners of, or entitled to, an equitable interest in Barnes & Martin’s share, then clearly they were possessed of an interest in the subject matter of the action of such a direct and immediate character that “they would either gain or lose by the direct legal effect and operation of the judgment,” and, under any construction which may be given the statute, were entitled to intervene.
It is urged by the appellant that the evidence fails to establish an equitable assignment. of any part of Barnes & Martin’s fee or share in the proceeds of the compromise. To constitute an equitable assignment good as between the assignor and assignee, it is not essential that the debt should have been earned or the fund be in esse at the time of the assignment, or that notice be given the present or future holder of the fund. The intent of the parties to create the lien being apparent, it is sufficient that there be a reasonable expectancy that the debt will be fully earned and the fund come into existence. Sykes v. First National Bank, 2 S. D. 242, 49 N. W. 1058; Mitchell v. Winslow, 2 Story, 630, 17 Fed. Cas. 527 (No. 9673).
Whether the agreement in this case constitutes an equitable assignment of that portion of Barnes & Martin’s fee in question is dependent upon the intent of the parties as evidenced by the terms of the agreement in the light of all the [344]*344surrounding- circumstances. Ingersoll v. Coram, supra. It appears from the record that Barnes during the conduct of the litigation between his clients and Costello felt it important in the interest of his clients that a motion for a rehearing in this court should be resisted, and that if granted -and judgment rendered in favor of Costello, an appeal should be taken to the United States supreme court, and that to perform such services he retained the firm of Street & Alexander. Alexander testified: “. . . Finally Judge Barnes made this expression, ‘Now, I want you to attend to this case. I have to go back to New York. Now, if you will attend to this case, if you will agree to attend to this case, I will give you one-third of the fee which I have coming to me on a contingent fee from Shattuck, Hanninger & Marks. Mr. O’Connell, who is associated with me, is entitled to the other third.’ ...” Judge Barnes, in a letter to his partner, Martin, said: “I won both Shattuck cases with jury. He says we are to have one-fourth of the ground.” Alexander’s testimony that “I didn’t consider that the estate of Barnes owed us anything. I considered that I had an interest in this claim,” taken alone and indicating the understanding of the agreement of only one of the .parties to it, would have little weight, as the understanding of the other party might have been entirely different, but taken in connection with the theory upon which plaintiff instituted her action at a time when she presumably possessed some general knowledge of the contract between Barnes & Martin, to whose interest she succeeded, and the defendants, and the statement of Judge Barnes in his letter indicating an understanding that the contingent fee of Barnes & Martin gave them an interest in the proceeds of the litigation, color is given to the theory that by the words, “I will give you one-third of the-fee, ’ ’ it was his intention that an equitable assignment should be created rather than a personal liability.
The judgment of the trial court could only have been rendered upon the finding that the evidence showed it to have been the intent of the parties that Street & Alexander should rely on the proceeds of the litigation rather than on the personal liability of Barnes or the firm of Barnes & Martin. There being substantial evidence tending to support such finding, it must be treated as conclusive here. That the com[345]*345pensation may have been large in proportion to the services rendered is immaterial, the parties having full knowledge of their character and relative importance.
It is urged that the admission of the testimony of Alexander to conversations with Barnes was error under the provisions of section 2536 of the Revised Statutes of 1901; but the statute in question is applicable only to actions “by or against executors, administrators or guardians in which judgment may be rendered for or against them as such,” and to “all actions by or against the heirs or legal representatives of the deceased.” And, as the plaintiff sued in her individual capacity, the action was not within the provisions of the statute.
Error is predicated upon the rendition of judgment against the plaintiff in favor of the interveners, upon the theory that, as interveners claimed an equitable interest in the fee or fund and did not plead payment to the plaintiff; judgment could only have been rendered against the defendants; but the defendants pleaded the payment, and, after the filing of their answer setting up such payment, the plaintiff moved to dismiss as to the defendants. The motion was taken under advisement by the court, and, in effect, granted by the final judgment rendered. The plaintiff did not deny that payment had been made as pleaded by defendants after suit was brought, and by the motion in effect admitted the truth of such averment and consequently judgment was properly rendered against the holder of the fund.
The exclusion of a copy of the telegram sent by Martin to Barnes is assigned as error, but no foundation was laid for the introduction of secondary evidence, and the rule that permits evidence of the understanding of the parties to an oral agreement of its effect does not extend to a party to an oral contract who was not present, and did not in any way participate in the making of such contract. The excluded testimony as to statements of Costello and his attorneys respecting the appeal to the United States supreme court in the “Triangle” ease could, from no point of view, have been competent, and, if competent, could not have affected the result.
No reversible error appearing, the judgment of the district court is afSrmed.
KENT, C. J., and CAMPBELL and LEWIS, «TJ., concur.