Barber ex rel. Barber v. United States

676 F.2d 651, 230 Ct. Cl. 287, 1982 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 207
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedApril 7, 1982
DocketNo. 132-80C
StatusPublished
Cited by39 cases

This text of 676 F.2d 651 (Barber ex rel. Barber v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Barber ex rel. Barber v. United States, 676 F.2d 651, 230 Ct. Cl. 287, 1982 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 207 (cc 1982).

Opinion

BENNETT, Judge,

delivered the opinion of the court:

This military pay case is before the court on cross-motions for summary judgment by the parties. The question presented is whether the Air Force Board for the Correction of Military Records (the board) properly determined that plaintiffs were not entitled to recover survivors’ annuity benefits under the Survivor Benefit Plan. 10 U.S.C. §§ 1447-1455 (1976 & Supps.). We have concluded that the board’s determinations were erroneous and that plaintiffs are entitled to relief.

Plaintiffs Yong Cha Barber and Kimberly Pokmi Barber are the widow and surviving dependent child, respectively, of Air Force T. Sgt. Charles E. Barber, a career serviceman. The Barbers were married on July 26,1972, in Seoul, South Korea, with Sergeant Barber formally adopting Yong Cha’s daughter, Kimberly.

On March 10, 1976, prior to his retirement from the Air Force, Sergeant Barber was counseled on the facets of the Survivor Benefit Plan (the plan). Under the plan, the monthly retired pay of a participating retired serviceman is reduced by an amount determined prior to retirement and this sum goes to fund an annuity paid to the widow and surviving dependent children upon the serviceman’s death. [289]*289Participation in the plan is automatic for servicemen who are married or have dependent children at the time they become eligible for retired pay, unless such servicemen elect not to participate in the plan before the first day for which they are eligible for retirement pay. 10 U.S.C. § 1448(a). Should a serviceman elect not to participate in the plan at the maximum level, his spouse is required by the statute to be notified of such election.1 The regulation implementing the statute requires that the notification to the spouse be made in writing.2 At the time of his counseling, Sergeant Barber executed a copy of Department of Defense form 1883 indicating that it was his desire to provide full plan coverage for his family.

On April 29, 1976, Sergeant Barber executed a second form 1883 electing not to participate at all in the plan. At that time, he submitted a letter of explanation stating his belief that participation in the plan with its attendant reduction in his monthly retired pay would impose a financial hardship on him and his family.3

On the following day, April 30, 1976, Sergeant Barber was released from active duty in the Air Force. He entered into retired status on May 1, 1976. Some 15 months later, on or about July 30, 1977, Sergeant Barber died from carbon monoxide poisoning.

When plaintiffs applied for survivor benefits under the plan, they were informed of Sergeant Barber’s election out of the plan. On December 19, 1978, plaintiffs applied to the board seeking correction of Sergeant Barber’s military records to reflect their entitlement to full survivor annuity benefits. Alleging that they had received no notification from the Air Force as to Sergeant Barber’s decision, [290]*290plaintiffs sought to void his election not to participate in the plan and to reinstate his original decision to provide full plan coverage.

The board denied plaintiffs’ application for relief on November 14, 1979. This suit followed seeking reversal of the board’s decision.

The gist of plaintiffs’ position before this court is that Sergeant Barber’s attempt to elect out of the Survivor Benefit Plan was improperly effected because they were never notified of his intentions. According to plaintiffs, since the plan provides for automatic coverage of the spouse and dependent children unless an election not to participate is made and since notice to the spouse of such an election is statutorily required, failure to give notice invalidates the election and restores full coverage under the plan. Plaintiffs cite the legislative history of the Survivor Benefit Plan to support this result.

The defendant counters by disputing the allegations made by plaintiffs that the Air Force violated the notice requirement of section 1448(a). Defendant further maintains that this court lacks jurisdiction in this matter because plaintiffs’ claim sounds in tort and because plaintiffs have not predicated their claim on a statute which provides for a money judgment.

This court may only overturn a decision of a correction board when the decision is clearly unsupported by substantial evidence or when there is a noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations. Jordan v. United States, 205 Ct. Cl. 65, 72-73 (1974); Ward v. United States, 178 Ct. Cl. 210, 216-17 (1967). While plaintiffs’ petition addresses these standards in only the most general fashion, we interpret the allegations therein to say that the board committed legal error in its interpretation of section 1448(a) as applied to this case. However, before considering whether reversal of the board’s decision is warranted, we must first turn our attention to the threshold question of jurisdiction.

Our jurisdictional statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1491 (1976), has been construed to limit the scope of our review to suits in which a plaintiff seeks and can seek a money judgment. Austin v. United States, 206 Ct. Cl. 719, 723, cert. denied, [291]*291423 U.S. 911 (1975). In order to state a claim within the jurisdiction of this court, a plaintiff must assert a substantive right enforceable against the United States for money damages. United States v. Testan, 424 U.S. 392, 397-98 (1976); United States v. King, 395 U.S. 1, 2-3 (1969). In other words, the claimant must rely upon a particular statutory provision which grants, either expressly or by implication, "a right to be paid a certain sum.” Eastport S.S. Co. v. United States, 178 Ct. Cl. 599, 605, 372 F.2d 1002, 1007 (1967).

Defendant challenges the present action on the ground that 10 U.S.C. § 1448(a), the statute relied upon by plaintiffs, does not command the payment of money to them under the circumstances alleged in their petition. Our review of the history and purpose of the Survivor Benefit Plan leads us to a different conclusion. We believe that a violation of section 1448(a) can be fairly said to give rise to a claim for money damages.

The articulated purpose of the Survivor Benefit Plan was to establish a system of survivor benefits for the survivors of military retirees.4 This system was intended to correct an anomaly in the otherwise comprehensive military benefits program which left survivors of retired military personnel without any source of income if a retired serviceman died from nonservice-connected causes.5

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Bluebook (online)
676 F.2d 651, 230 Ct. Cl. 287, 1982 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 207, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/barber-ex-rel-barber-v-united-states-cc-1982.