Baptist v. Ford Motor Co.

827 F.3d 599, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 11703, 2016 WL 3513516
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 27, 2016
DocketNo. 15-2913
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 827 F.3d 599 (Baptist v. Ford Motor Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Baptist v. Ford Motor Co., 827 F.3d 599, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 11703, 2016 WL 3513516 (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

SYKES, Circuit Judge.

James Baptist, a former forklift operator at Ford Motor Company, sued Ford after he was fired — in his view — in retaliation for exercising his workers’ compensation rights. The district court granted Ford’s motion for summary judgment. Baptist contends that summary judgment should not have been granted because the district court drew improper inferences. Because there is a genuine issue of material fact about Ford’s motivation for his discharge, we vacate the grant of summary judgment and remand for further proceedings.

I. Background

Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are undisputed and presented in the light most favorable to Baptist, the party opposing summary judgment. See Arroyo v. Volvo Grp. N. Am., LLC, 805 F.3d 278, 281 (7th Cir. 2015); Hooper v. Proctor [600]*600Health Care Inc., 804 F.3d 846, 849 (7th Cir. 2015).

Baptist began working at Ford’s assembly plant in Chicago in February 2012. He operated a forklift that moved products from trucks to storage. In April, less than three months into the job, Baptist inadvertently drove a forklift into a pillar and jammed his left hand on the steering wheel, injuring his left wrist. He visited Ford’s medical department and submitted an injury report.

Baptist’s injury report triggered Ford’s workers’ compensation review, and his claim for treatment coverage was investigated by benefits administrator Jessica Nawracaj. Nawracaj was employed by Bartech, a company that provides Ford with workers’ compensation benefits administration services. Nawracaj and Ford’s physician, Dr. Patricia Lewis, doubted Baptist’s account of his injury; they emailed each other that Baptist did not report the incident properly and that he refused to release medical records from a prior workers’ compensation case he brought against another employer involving an injury to his other wrist. Nawracaj and Dr. Lewis also discussed forwarding the information from their investigation to the labor relations department, a subset of Ford’s human resources department.

Ford’s workers’ compensation fund paid for Baptist’s initial visit to a doctor — Dr. William Heller, an orthopedic surgeon— who ordered an MRI, diagnosed Baptist with a ligament tear in his left wrist, and issued Baptist a wrist brace. Ford denied further coverage. Baptist disagreed with the denial and pushed Ford to cover more treatment. The parties are now litigating Baptist’s workers’ compensation claim before the Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission.

Baptist worked for the next two months until June 24, when he left work early to seek additional medical attention because the pain in his wrist had worsened and he did not think he could continue working with it. Baptist again saw Dr. Heller, who diagnosed him with a complete ligament tear in his left wrist and recommended surgery. Dr. Heller submitted a form to Ford opining that Baptist was not able to perform the essential function of his job, though he added that Baptist was neither totally disabled nor “[tjotally unable to perform his/her job.” Because Dr. Heller did not specify when Baptist could return to work, Ford sought additional information. Dr. Heller submitted another form in which he recommended that Baptist be off work for four to six weeks after surgery but cleared him to return to work as of July 2 so long as he did not lift or grip over five pounds with his left hand.

Dr. Lewis testified that she reviewed these forms, and based on her knowledge of the job requirements and the injury, she determined that the restriction did not affect any activity necessary to operate a forklift, removed the note of the restriction from Baptist’s file, and cleared him to work. Baptist, however, believed that his injury and medical restriction prevented him from operating the forklift and refused to resume his work; he asked for another position. He did not work his forklift job for the next several days, and on July 23 Ford suspended him for one month.

When Baptist returned from his suspension on August 24, he met with Dr. Lewis and Ford’s labor representative, Quandra Speights. Baptist was told that the only available work was as a forklift driver, and he was instructed to return to that position. In his deposition Baptist testified that he was told by Speights that he would be fired unless he agreed to state that his injury did not happen at work, in which case he would be given an approved leave [601]*601of absence. Speights denied this assertion. Baptist told Dr. Lewis and Speights that he could not perform the forklift job and feared that it would exacerbate his injury. After Baptist did not return to his position on August 24, 25, or 26, he was discharged by Speights for having three consecutive absences without justification, a discharge-able offense under Ford’s Collective Bargaining Agreement.

In November 2013 Baptist sued Ford in Illinois state court, asserting that Ford discharged him in retaliation for exercising his rights under the Illinois Workers’ Compensation Act, in violation of 820 Ill. Comp. Stat. 305/4(h). Ford removed the case to federal district court based on diversity of citizenship. Ford moved for summary judgment, arguing that Baptist had been discharged because of his absences without justification. Baptist responded both that he was discharged because of Ford’s hostility to his workers’ compensation claim and that a fact question existed over whether he physically could return to work. To support his assertion that there was a medical dispute over his ability to work, Baptist submitted an affidavit from Dr. Heller in which he stated that the restrictions on the lifting and gripping would prevent Baptist from driving a forklift, and that “no full duty return to work date could even be entertained until it was first determined how he was progressing from the surgery.”

The district court granted Ford’s motion for summary judgment. The judge found that no reasonable jury could find that Baptist’s discharge was causally related to, or primarily in retaliation for, Baptist’s exercise of his rights under the Workers’ Compensation Act. The judge accepted Ford’s contention that it had a valid, non-pretextual basis for discharging Baptist: Ford had discharged him for “a straightforward application of [its] three-day quit rule.” The judge pointed out that Baptist had not responded to the last six paragraphs of Ford’s statement of undisputed material facts, so she was treating these facts as admitted, including the statement that “Speights did not rely on anything other than Baptist’s attendance records in making the decision to terminate his employment.”

II. Analysis

On appeal Baptist challenges the district court’s conclusion that he did not provide a factual foundation to support a common-law cause of action for retaliatory discharge under Illinois law. To prevail on such a claim, Baptist must, among other things, “affirmatively show that the discharge was primarily in retaliation for [his] exercise of a protected right.” Gordon v. FedEx Freight, Inc., 674 F.3d 769, 774 (7th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see Dixon Distrib. Co. v. Hanover Ins. Co., 244 Ill.App.3d 837, 183 Ill.Dec.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
827 F.3d 599, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 11703, 2016 WL 3513516, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/baptist-v-ford-motor-co-ca7-2016.