Banos v. State

632 So. 2d 1305, 1994 Miss. LEXIS 114, 1994 WL 52834
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedFebruary 24, 1994
DocketNo. 91-KA-00697
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 632 So. 2d 1305 (Banos v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Banos v. State, 632 So. 2d 1305, 1994 Miss. LEXIS 114, 1994 WL 52834 (Mich. 1994).

Opinion

SMITH, Justice,

for the Court:

Ramon Banos and Efren Andrade were tried in absentia for the felony possession of more than one kilogram of marijuana with the intent to distribute that substance to others. They prosecute an appeal from their convictions of felony possession entered in the Circuit Court of Harrison County on December 18,1990. Banos was sentenced to serve a term of thirty (30) years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections while Andrade was sentenced to serve a term of twenty (20) years.

[1306]*1306The State, relying upon Samuels v. State, 567 So.2d 843 (Miss.1990), contends the trial judge did not abuse his judicial discretion in denying the defendants’ request for a continuance of thirty (30) days. The State contends the trial judge correctly followed our holding in Samuels where we held that criminal defendants who have been released on bond are “in custody” within the meaning and purview of Miss.Code Ann. § 99-17-9 (Supp.1990) and may voluntarily waive their presence at trial.

Banos and Andrade, aggrieved by the trial court’s decision, appeal to this Court contending that the trial court erred in proceeding to trial in their absence and that both defendants were prejudiced as a result of being placed on trial in absentia. They assign errors by the trial court as follows:

I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN PROCEEDING TO TRIAL IN THE ABSENCE OF THE DEFENDANTS WHO WERE THEREBY PREJUDICED AS A RESULT OF BEING PLACED ON TRIAL IN ABSENTIA.
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ALLOWING THE STATE TO EXERCISE PRE-EMPTORY CHALLENGES OF BLACKS AND FOR NOT STATING SUFFICIENT AND JUSTIFIABLE REASON UNDER BATSON AND POWERS DECISIONS.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING THE DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR DIRECTED VERDICT AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE’S CASE AND IN DENYING THE DEFENDANTS’ REQUEST FOR A PRE-EMPTORY INSTRUCTION OF NOT GUILTY AND FURTHER ERRED IN OVERRULING THE DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR A JUDGMENT NOTWITHSTANDING THE VERDICT OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE, MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL.
IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO GRANT THE MOTION TO SUPPRESS.

We have examined Banos’ and Andrade’s issues and find the trial in absentia issue to be of merit and worthy of discussion. The remaining issues will not be discussed. Our decision in Sandoval v. State, 631 So.2d 159 (Miss.1994), controls the disposition of the trial in absentia issue as well as the disposition of the case. We conclude, based on Sandoval, that the trial court erroneously held that Banos and Andrade were “in custody and consenting” to trial in absentia and we reverse and remand for a new trial.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

On August 6, 1989, at approximately 6:00 p.m., Officer Darryl Deschamp, a state trooper with the Mississippi Highway Patrol, was westbound on Interstate 10 in his patrol cruiser when he passed a brown station wagon eastbound in the opposite direction. A radar detection device measured the speed of the station wagon at 72 mph, which was in excess of the speed limit on Interstate 10 in Harrison County. Patrolman Deschamp crossed the median, pursued the station wagon, and pulled it over. He observed that the automobile was an older model Ford station wagon with Texas license plates occupied by two Hispanic men.

Officer Deschamp got out of his car and instructed the driver to step to the rear of his vehicle and produce his driver’s license. The license identified the driver of the station wagon as Ramon Banos, and Officer Deschamp began to prepare a traffic citation for speeding. While writing the ticket, Des-champ asked Banos about the ownership of the 1978 station wagon. Banos replied that-it belonged to a friend and he had borrowed it to go from Houston, Texas, to Florida to seek employment.

While standing at the rear of the station wagon, Deschamp detected the pungent odor of raw marijuana. He walked to the passenger side to get a better view inside the vehicle and to question the passenger, Efren Andrade. When Andrade rolled down his window, the distinct smell of unburned marijuana became even stronger. Deschamp asked Andrade who owned the station wagon, and Andrade told Deschamp that Banos’ brother was the owner and that Andrade was simply along for the ride.

Officer Deschamp observed four or five air freshener devices inside the station wagon, [1307]*1307one hanging from the rear-view mirror, one in the ashtray, another hanging from the front passenger door, and a “stick-on” freshener on the back of the-rear seat. Deschamp also observed through the back window several old, rust-covered screws and a Phillips-head screwdriver lying near the wheel well in the back of the station wagon. Shiny new screws were in place around the wheel well.

Deschamp requested and received consent from Banos to search the station wagon. The officer read Banos a consent-to-search form, and Banos himself read the form. Ba-nos indicated he understood the form’s contents and signed the consent form which was later introduced into evidence during trial.

After opening the back door of the station wagon, Officer Deschamp inspected the old screws. Using the screwdriver found in the vehicle, he removed three of the new screws from the wheel well and peeled back the covering. Deschamp saw and smelled what appeared to be a substantial amount of raw marijuana wrapped in clear plastic wrap. Both Banos and Andrade were placed under arrest, and the station wagon was towed to the stationhouse where its contents were inventoried.

Ten (10) separate packages of raw marijuana weighing over 60 pounds (28,000 grams or 28 kilograms) were removed from the wheel well of the station wagon.

On January 10, 1990, Banos and Andrade were jointly indicted for possession of more than one kilogram of marijuana with the intent to distribute. Both were adjudicated to be indigent and counsel was appointed. Bond was subsequently reduced from $50,000 to $15,000 on both defendants.

On February 21, 1990, Banos and Andrade appeared in open court with their attorney, Jimmy D. McGuire, and both entered pleas of not guilty. Each defendant acknowledged notice that trial was set for May 29, 1990. On May 29, 1990, both defendants waived their constitutional and statutory rights to a speedy trial and were granted a continuance. Trial was reset for November 5, 1990.

The defendants filed a motion to suppress the marijuana on September 28, 1990. On November 13, 1990, a partial hearing was held on the motion. Neither defendant was present, and counsel waived their presence for the purpose of that hearing. The trial judge agreed, however, to defer his ruling until the day of trial so the defendants could testify on the motion if they desired to do so. The judge later entered an order recessing the suppression hearing and continuing the matter until a later date.

Trial was held on November 15, 1990. Neither defendant was present at the eom-'mencement of trial or during any part thereafter, except that Andrade who was present for sentencing a month later. The trial judge found that both defendants had deliberately and voluntarily absented themselves.

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Bluebook (online)
632 So. 2d 1305, 1994 Miss. LEXIS 114, 1994 WL 52834, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/banos-v-state-miss-1994.