Bank of New York Mellon v. Argo

2015 Ohio 268

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: January 21, 2015
• Docket: 14CA59
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Bank of New York Mellon v. Argo, 2015-Ohio-268.]

COURT OF APPEALS RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES: BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, : Hon William B. Hoffman, J. FKA THE BANK OF NEW YORK : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. John W. Wise, J. Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : Case No. 14CA59 : BARRY ARGO, ET AL : : OPINION Defendants-Appellants

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2012CV0121

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: January 21, 2015

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendants-Appellants

MATTHEW RICHARDSON DANIEL MCGOOKEY MATTHEW P. CURRY KATHRYN EYSTER MELISSA N. HAMBLE 225 Meigs Street MANLEY DEAS KOCHALSKI Sandusky, OH 44970 Box 165028 Columbus, OH 43216-5028 [Cite as Bank of New York Mellon v. Argo, 2015-Ohio-268.]

Gwin, J.,

{¶1} Appellants appeal the June 23, 2014 judgment entry of the Richland

County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of appellee and

entering a decree of foreclosure.

Facts & Procedural History

{¶2} On February 1, 2012, appellee Bank of New York Mellon fka The Bank of

New York, as Trustee for the Certificateholders CWALT, Inc., Alternative Loan Trust

2005-85CB, Mortgage-Pass Through Certificates, Series 2005-85CB, filed a complaint

against appellants Barry Argo and Lynn Argo. The complaint alleged that appellee is a

person entitled to enforce the note pursuant to R.C. 1303.31. A copy of the note,

mortgage, and assignment of mortgage were attached to the complaint. The note

attached to the complaint dated November 7, 2005, designates the Lender as

Residential Finance Corporation (“Residential Finance”). The mortgage dated

November 7, 2005, secures the property located at 56 Grand Blvd., Shelby, Ohio. The

Lender is listed on the mortgage as Residential Finance with Mortgage Electronic

Registration Systems (“MERS”) listed as the mortgagee and nominee for Lender and

Lender’s successor and assigns. The mortgage assignment recorded on October 26,

2011, assigns the mortgage dated November 7, 2005 to appellee. The original lender is

listed on the assignment as Residential Finance and the assignment is signed by

MERS.

{¶3} Appellants filed pro se answers to the complaint on February 7, 2012 and

then participated in court-sponsored mediation. Appellants subsequently retained

counsel, filed an amended answer to the complaint with leave of the trial court, and the Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 3

parties conducted discovery and further mediation. On December 23, 2013, the trial

court reinstated the case to the active docket after the parties failed to settle the matter

at mediation.

{¶4} On May 9, 2014, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. Attached

to the motion for summary judgment was the affidavit of Rebecka Mayoh (“Mayoh”), a

Document Control Officer for Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. (“Select Portfolio”), the

servicer for appellee. Mayoh attached copies of the note, mortgage, and assignment of

mortgage to her affidavit. The copy of the note that Mayoh attached differed from the

note attached to the complaint, as it contained an extra page entitled “allonge,” from

Residential Finance to Countrywide Bank, N.A. The allonge was endorsed from

Countywide Bank, N.A. to Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., and then endorsed by

Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. in blank. Appellants filed a memorandum in opposition

to appellee’s motion for summary judgment on June 4, 2014. Attached to the

memorandum in opposition was the affidavit of Barry Argo, stating that he wanted to

save his home and was trying to qualify for a loan modification. Appellee filed a reply

brief on June 10, 2014. On June 23, 2014, the trial court granted appellee’s motion for

summary judgment.

{¶5} Appellants appeal the June 23, 2014 judgment entry of the Richland

County Court of Common Pleas and assign the following as error:

{¶6} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING [APPELLEE’S] MOTION

FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT.” Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 4

Summary Judgment Standard

{¶7} Civil Rule 56(C) in reviewing a motion for summary judgment which

provides, in pertinent part:

Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings,

depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,

transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed

in the action, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No evidence

or stipulation may be considered except as stated in this rule. A summary

judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or

stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable

minds can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to

the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that

party being entitled to have the evidence or stipulation construed mostly

strongly in the party’s favor. A summary judgment, interlocutory in

character, may be rendered on the issue of liability alone although there is

a genuine issue as to the amount of damages.

{¶8} A trial court should not enter a summary judgment if it appears a material

fact is genuinely disputed, nor if, construing the allegations most favorably towards the

non-moving party, reasonable minds could draw different conclusions from the

undisputed facts. Hounshell v. Am. States Ins. Co., 67 Ohio St.2d 427, 424 N.E.2d 311

(1981). The court may not resolve any ambiguities in the evidence presented. Inland

Refuse Transfer Co. v. Browning-Ferris Inds. of Ohio, Inc., 15 Ohio St.3d 321, 474 Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 5

N.E.2d 271 (1984). A fact is material if it affects the outcome of the case under the

applicable substantive law. Russell v. Interim Personnel, Inc., 135 Ohio App.3d 301,

733 N.E.2d 1186 (6th Dist. 1999).

{¶9} When reviewing a trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment, an

appellate court applies the same standard used by the trial court. Smiddy v. The

Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). This means we review

the matter de novo. Doe v. Shaffer, 90 Ohio St.3d 388, 2000-Ohio-186, 738 N.E.2d

1243.

{¶10} The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of

informing the trial court of the basis of the motion and identifying the portions of the

record which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element

of the non-moving party’s claim. Drescher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 662 N.E.2d 264

(1996). Once the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden shifts to the non-

moving party to set forth specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact

does exist. Id. The non-moving party may not rest upon the allegations and denials in

the pleadings, but instead must submit some evidentiary materials showing a genuine

dispute over material facts. Henkle v. Henkle, 75 Ohio App.3d 732, 600 N.E.2d 791

(12th Dist. 1991).

Real Party in Interest

{¶11} Appellants argue summary judgment is not appropriate in this case

because appellee was not the holder of the note and mortgage when the foreclosure

was filed. We disagree. Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 6

{¶12} To have standing to pursue a foreclosure action, a plaintiff “must establish

an interest in the note or mortgage at the time it filed suit.” Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v.

Schwartzwald, 134 Ohio St.3d, 2012-Ohio-5017, 979 N.E.2d 1214. The current holder

of the note and mortgage is the real party in interest in a foreclosure action. U.S. Bank

Nat’l. Assn v. Marcino, 181 Ohio App.3d 328, 2009-Ohio-1178, 908 N.E.2d 1032 (7th

Dist.), citing Chase Manhattan Corp. v. Smith, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C061069, 2007-

Ohio-5874. R.C. 1303.31 provides:

(A) Person entitled to enforce an instrument means any of the

following persons:

(1) The holder of the instrument;

(2) A nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights

of a holder;

(3) A person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to

enforce the instrument pursuant to Section 1303.38 or division (D)

of section 1303.58 of the Revised Code.

(B) A person may be a “person entitled to enforce” the instrument

even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in

wrongful possession of the instrument.

{¶13} In this case, appellee pled in its complaint that it was a person entitled to

enforce the note pursuant to R.C. 1303.31 and also attached to the complaint a copy of

the note, mortgage, and assignment of mortgage. Appellee included the affidavit of

Mayoh in support of its motion for summary judgment providing that the loan records

reflect that appellee is the owner and holder of a bond/note and mortgage executed by Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 7

appellant Barry Argo in the sum of $207,000.00 dated November 7, 2005. Copies of the

note with allonge, mortgage, and mortgage assignment were attached to the affidavit.

{¶14} Appellants argue that the assignment of the mortgage is not sufficient for

appellee to be the holder of the note and mortgage without an assignment of the note.

Further, that the assignment of the mortgage is not sufficient for appellee to enforce the

note and mortgage as the holder of the note and mortgage because MERS never had

any interest in the note and appellee failed to submit any evidence that MERS is a

nominee of Residential Finance.

{¶15} Pursuant to the decisions of this Court, the assignment of the mortgage,

without the express transfer of the note, is sufficient to transfer both the note and

mortgage if the record indicates that the parties intended to transfer both the note and

mortgage. Bank of New York v. Dobbs, 5th Dist. Knox No. 2009-CA-000002, 2009-

Ohio-4742; Freedom Mtge. Corp v. Vitale, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013 AP 08 0037,

2014-Ohio-1549.

{¶16} This case is analogous to Dobbs and Vitale as the record indicates the

parties intended to transfer both the note and the mortgage. The note dated November

7, 2005 provides that, “in addition to the protections given to the Note Holder under this

Note, a Mortgage * * * (the “Security Instrument”), dated the same date as this Note,

protects the Note Holder from possible losses which might result if I do not keep the

promises which I make in this Note.” Further, that the Security Instrument “describes

how and under what conditions I may be required to make immediate payment in full of

all amounts I owe under this Note * * *.” Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 8

{¶17} The November 7, 2005 mortgage was notarized on November 7, 2005

and recorded at the Richland County Recorder on November 15, 2005. This mortgage,

in which MERS is the mortgagee and nominee for lender Residential Finance, defines

“Note” as “the promissory note signed by Borrower and dated November 7, 2005. The

Note states that Borrower owes Lender two hundred seven thousand and 00/100

Dollars * * *.” Further, that the mortgage secures to Lender “(i) the repayment of the

Loan, and all renewals, extensions and modifications of the Note, and (ii) the

performance of Borrower’s covenants and agreements under this Security Instrument

and Note.” Finally, the mortgage provides that the Borrower and Lender covenant and

agree that “Borrower shall pay when due the principal of, and interest on, the debt

evidenced by the Note and any prepayment charges and late charges due under the

Note.” The note refers to the mortgage and the mortgage refers to the note. Thus, we

find a clear intent by the parties to keep the note and mortgage together rather than

transferring the mortgage alone. The assignment of the mortgage was sufficient to

transfer both the mortgage and the note.

{¶18} In addition, the mortgage assignment refers to the note as it provides that

the assignor transfers to appellee “all beneficial interest under that certain Mortgage

described below together with the note and obligations therein described * * *.” The

mortgage assignment was notarized on October 18, 2011 and recorded in the Richland

County Recorder’s office on October 26, 2011. Since the mortgage assignment was

recorded on October 26, 2011, prior to the complaint being filed in this case, the note

was effectively transferred on that date. Accordingly, there are no genuine issues of Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 9

material fact as to whether appellee is the real party in interest with standing to pursue

this foreclosure action.

{¶19} Appellants argue the assignment of mortgage is not sufficient to transfer

the note because MERS, who assigned the mortgage, had no interest in the note. This

Court has repeatedly upheld the right and authority of MERS, when designated as a

nominee and mortgagee, to transfer interests in notes and mortgages. Freedom Mtge.

Corp. v. Vitale, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013 AP 08 0037, 2014-Ohio-1549; Wells

Fargo Bank v. Elliott, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 13 CAE 03 0012, 2013-Ohio-3690. In this

case, the mortgage provides that “Borrower does hereby mortgage, grant, and convey

to MERS (solely as nominee for Lender and Lender’s successors and assigns) and to

the successors and assigns of MERS * * * the following described property * * *.” The

Lender is listed in the mortgage as Residential Finance. The assignment filed by

appellee and attached to its complaint and motion for summary judgment was recorded

on October 26, 2011 and states that MERS, as the holder of the mortgage and nominee

for Residential Finance, assigns and transfers the mortgage to appellee. Accordingly,

MERS had the authority to assign the mortgage to appellee and MERS properly

executed the assignment as nominee for Residential Finance prior to the filing of the

complaint in this case. Further, the mortgage signed by appellants provides that they

“understand and agree that MERS (as nominee for Lender and Lender’s successors

and assigns) has the right: to exercise any or all of those interests, including, but not

limited to, the right to foreclose and sell the Property; and to take any action required of

Lender * * *.” Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 10

{¶20} Appellants also argue that appellee did not provide evidence that MERS

was a nominee of the originating lender and thus the assignment of mortgage is not

valid. As noted above, appellants specifically signed the mortgage stating they

understood MERS, as nominee for Lender, had the right to exercise any or all interests

of the Lender. Further, as noted by this Court in U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Lawson, 5th Dist.

Delaware No. 13CAE030021, 2014-Ohio-463, because a debtor is not a party to the

assignment of a mortgage, the debtor lacks standing to challenge its validity when there

is no dispute between the original mortgagee and the entity subsequently named as an

assignee of the mortgage as to the assignment’s validity and there was no dispute that

the borrower had defaulted on his loan and was subject to foreclosure. There is no

dispute between MERS and appellee as to whether the mortgage was properly

assigned. There is also no dispute appellants defaulted on their mortgage loan.

Accordingly, the assignment of mortgage is not invalid.

Note

{¶21} Appellants argue the trial court erred in finding appellee was the holder of

the note because Mayoh never said the note was a true and accurate copy of the

original and two different copies of the note were allegedly submitted by appellee, as

the note attached to the complaint did not have attached the allonge to the note that

was attached to the note submitted with the copy of the note attached as an exhibit to

Mayoh’s affidavit. The mortgage and its assignment bear notarial seals and were filed

of record in the Richland County Recorder’s Office years prior to the initiation of this

suit. The note makes reference to the mortgage and the mortgage makes reference to

the note. Furthermore, the mortgage assignment states it transfers to appellee “all Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 11

beneficial interest under the certain Mortgage * * * together with the note(s) and

obligations therein described * * *.” As detailed above, this cross-referencing between

the instruments is sufficient to raise a rebuttable presumption of intent to convey both

the mortgage and the note to appellee and appellants failed to submit Civil Rule 56

evidence to rebut this presumption. Accordingly, any arguments regarding the copy of

the note and/or the allonge submitted with the affidavit for summary judgment are moot

as appellee is the holder of the note and mortgage and thus appellee is entitled to

enforce the note and mortgage.

Affidavit – Personal Knowledge

{¶22} Appellants contend the affidavit of Mayoh was insufficient because it is not

based upon personal knowledge as she did not state she had access to the collateral

file and, further, that, the affidavit does not include records of the account at issue.

{¶23} Evidence Rule 803(6) provides that records of regularly conducted

business activity are admissible, as an exception to the rules of hearsay, if shown to be

such “by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness.” The question of

what may lay a foundation for the admissibility of business records as a custodian or

other qualified witness must be answered broadly. Citimortgage v. Cathcart, 5th Dist.

Stark No. 2013CA00179, 2014-Ohio-620. It is not a requirement that the witness have

firsthand knowledge of the transaction giving rise to the business record. Id. “Rather, it

must be demonstrated that: the witness is sufficiently familiar with operation of the

business and with the circumstances of the record’s preparation, maintenance and

retrieval, that he can reasonably testify on the basis of this knowledge that the record is Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 12

what it purports to be, and that it was made in the ordinary course of business

consistent with the elements of Rule 803(6).” Id.

{¶24} Civil Rule 56(E) provides that an affidavit must “be made on personal

knowledge [and] set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence.” Civil Rule

56(E). A mere assertion of personal knowledge satisfies Civil Rule 56(E) if the nature of

the facts in the affidavit combined with the identity of the affiant creates a reasonable

inference that the affiant has personal knowledge of the facts in the affidavit. JPMorgan

Chase v. Snedeker, 5th Dist. Licking No. 13-CA-98, 2014-Ohio-1593.

{¶25} In her affidavit, Mayoh avers that she is a Document Control Officer at

Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc., the servicer for appellee, and Select Portfolio maintains

a computer database of acts, transactions, payments, communications, escrow account

activity, disbursements, events, and analyses with respect to the mortgage loans which

Select Portfolio services. Further, that she has access to the loan records maintained

with respect to the subject loan and, based upon those records, she is personally

familiar with the subject loan and is authorized to make this certification. Mayoh states

that in her capacity as Document Control Officer, she has access to the loan records

relating to the mortgage loans that are maintained in the ordinary course of the regularly

conducted activity of mortgage loan servicing, including the Borrowers’ mortgage loan.

Further, that the statements she makes in the affidavit are based upon her review of the

loan records relating to appellants’ mortgage loan and from her own personal

knowledge of how the loan records are kept and maintained. Mayoh avers that the loan

transaction for appellants’ mortgage was recorded at or near the time of the event and

by or from information transmitted from a person with knowledge and she has Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 13

personally reviewed and independently verified the accuracy of the factual information

included in the affidavit.

{¶26} Mayoh states the records reflect that appellee is the owner and holder of a

bond/note and mortgage executed by Barry Argo in the sum of $207,000.00 dated

November 7, 2005, and that Barry Argo defaulted on the terms and conditions of the

note/bond and mortgage by failing to make the payment due December 1, 2011, and all

payments due thereafter. Additionally, that appellee is entitled to collect the amount

due on the note and enforce the mortgage, including the unpaid principal balance due

and owing, including accrued interest and advances for taxes, and insurance. Mayoh

verifies that attached as Exhibits A and B are copies of the note and mortgage and

attached as Exhibit C is a copy of the demand letter sent to appellants prior to the

foreclosure. Mayoh states that, as of the date of execution, the amount due on the Note

includes (a) unpaid principal in the amount of $207,000.00; (b) interest on the unpaid

principal at the rate of 6.375% from November 1, 2011; (c) advances made for taxes

and insurance; and (d) advances made to protect the property. The amount of principal

and interest set forth in Mayoh’s affidavit are the same figures of principal and interest

contained in the trial court’s judgment entry granting summary judgment.

{¶27} From her position and her statement that she reviewed the loan records in

the instant case, it may be reasonably inferred that Mayoh has personal knowledge to

qualify the documents as an exception to the hearsay rule as a business document.

See Freedom Mtge. Corp. v. Vitale, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013 AP 08 0037, 2014-

Ohio-1549. The affidavit is properly admissible Civil Rule 56 evidence and appellants

fail to submit any Civil Rule 56 evidence to contradict the affidavit. Further, the affidavit Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 14

stated the loan was in default and the affidavit specifically stated the amount of principal

and interest due and owing based on Mayoh’s review of appellants’ loan records and

payment history included in the business records. Appellants did not submit any

evidence in their response to appellee’s motion for summary judgment regarding the

payment history, the account status, or the balance of the account. Appellants thus

failed to submit any Civil Rule 56 evidence that would controvert Mayoh’s averments

regarding the status, payment history, or balance of the account. See Citimortgage, Inc.

v. Roznowski, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2012-CA-93, 2014-Ohio-4792. Accordingly, the trial

court did not err in granting summary judgment based on Mayoh’s affidavit.

Equity

{¶28} Appellants argue that foreclosure is inequitable because appellants

attempted to work with the lender to procure a loan modification. In support, appellants

cite PHH Mtge. Corp. v. Barker, 190 Ohio App.3d 71, 2010-Ohio-5061, 940 N.E.2d 662

(3rd Dist), wherein the Third District Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court’s decision

to reinstate the mortgage rather than proceed with foreclosure, on the ground that

foreclosure was inequitable under the facts of the case. Id. In Barker, the court found

that the “extremely unique factual circumstances” where the borrower attempted to pay

the mortgage, attempted to enter into a modification, where the borrower made

payments sufficient to cure the default on the mortgage after the alleged default when

they received a mortgage coupon book, and where the lender accepted payments after

the alleged default, the equities weighed in favor of the mortgage being reinstated.

{¶29} We find the facts of this case to be distinguishable from the Barker case.

In this case, there is no evidence that appellants attempted to pay the mortgage, that Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 15

appellants made payments sufficient to cure the default on the mortgage, or that

appellee accepted payments after the alleged default. According to Mayoh’s affidavit,

the loan has been in default since December of 2011 and appellants failed to set forth

any Civil Rule 56 evidence to contradict this assertion. Further, this case twice went to

mediation since its filing, once in February of 2012 with the final mediation scheduled for

December of 2012, and again in September of 2013 when the case was placed on the

inactive docket for loss mitigation review until reactivated in December of 2013. Thus,

we cannot say that the foreclosure was inequitable in this case.

{¶30} Based upon the foregoing, we overrule appellants’ assignment of error.

The June 23, 2014 judgment entry of the Richland County Court of Common Pleas

granting summary judgment in favor of appellee and entering a decree of foreclosure is

affirmed. Richland County, Case No. 14CA59 16

Hoffman, P.J., concurring

{¶31} I concur in the majority's analysis and disposition of all issues addressed

in the majority opinion with a singular exception. I do not believe a debtor lacks

standing to challenge the validity of an assignment of a mortgage for the reasons set

forth in my dissenting opinion in U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Lawson, 5th Dist. Delaware No.

13CAE030021, 2014-Ohio-463. I, nevertheless, concur based upon the other reason

advanced by the majority for finding the assignment of the mortgage valid; i.e.,

Appellants specifically signed the mortgage stating they understood MERS, as nominee

for Lender, had the right to exercise any or all interests of the Lender.