[Cite as Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. v. Bowers, 2013-Ohio-5488.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF LORAIN )
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST C.A. No. 12CA010289 CO.
Appellee APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT v. ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JEFFREY J. BOWERS, et al. COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO CASE No. 11CV172158 Appellants
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 16, 2013
WHITMORE, Judge.
{¶1} Appellants, Jeffrey and Deborah Bowers (collectively, “the Bowerses”), appeal
from the judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas, denying their motion to vacate
a default judgment. This Court affirms.
I
{¶2} On May 23, 2011, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. (“the Bank”) filed a
foreclosure action against the Bowerses. The Bank alleged the Bowerses had defaulted on their
mortgage payments and sought to foreclose on the Bowerses’ Murray Ridge Road property. The
Bowerses were properly served, but failed to file an answer or otherwise respond.
{¶3} On September 23, 2011, the Bank filed a motion for default judgment against the
Bowerses. The court scheduled a default hearing for the end of October. The Bowerses failed to
respond or appear at the hearing. On November 21, 2011, the magistrate recommended that the 2
trial court grant the Bank’s motion for default judgment. The trial court adopted the magistrate’s
decision and entered an order granting default judgment against the Bowerses.
{¶4} In January, an order and notice of sale were issued. On February 24, 2012, the
Bowerses filed a motion to set aside the default judgment. The Bank filed a memorandum in
opposition. On September 4, 2012, the court denied the Bowerses’ motion. The Bowerses now
appeal and raise one assignment of error for our review.
II
Assignment of Error
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANTS AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FAILING TO GRANT THEIR CIV.R. 60(B) MOTION.
{¶5} In their sole assignment of error, the Bowerses argue that the court erred by
denying their Civ.R. 60(B) motion. We disagree.
{¶6} “The decision to grant or deny a motion to vacate judgment pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B) lies in the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of
discretion.” Kish v. Kish, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010185, 2012-Ohio-5430, ¶ 9, quoting
Buckingham, Doolittle & Burroughs, L.L.P. v. Healthcare Imaging Solutions L.L.C., 9th Dist.
Summit No. 24699, 2010-Ohio-418, ¶ 8. An abuse of discretion indicates that the trial court’s
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219 (1983).
{¶7} “To prevail on a motion under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must demonstrate that:
(1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to present if relief is granted; (2) the party is
entitled to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) though (5); and (3) the
motion is made within a reasonable time * * *.” GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, 3
Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. “A ‘meritorious defense’ means a
defense going to the merits, substance, or essentials of the case.” (Internal quotations omitted.)
CitiMortgage, Inc. v. Dudek, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25806, 2012-Ohio-899, ¶ 13.
{¶8} The Bowerses filed a Civ.R. 60(B) motion requesting the trial court set aside the
default judgment because the Bank had led them to believe that it was processing a loan
modification, that the loan modification would be approved, and that the foreclosure action
would be dismissed. There was no evidence that a binding loan modification had been
consummated. Instead, the Bowerses argued to the trial court that they had a meritorious claim
because they “did not understand the legal complications of this matter.” The Bowerses did not
deny that they had defaulted on the note, that the note was secured by the mortgage, or that the
Bank had the rights to enforce the terms of the note and foreclose on the mortgage. While the
allegations that the Bank misled the Bowerses into believing that they did not need to participate
in the foreclosure proceedings could support a claim of excusable neglect or fraud, thereby
satisfying the second prong of the GTE test, see Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (3), the Bowerses did not assert
any meritorious defense to the foreclosure action in their Civ.R. 60(B) motion. See Dudek at ¶
13 (not a meritorious defense that the bank “told her to not worry about a foreclosure and that
any foreclosure proceedings were on hold”). (Internal quotations omitted.) Therefore, the
Bowerses failed to satisfy the first prong of the GTE test. See GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. at 150.
{¶9} On appeal, the Bowerses argue that they have a meritorious defense because the
Bank did not “fulfill a condition precedent” before filing for foreclosure. Specifically, the
Bowerses argue that the Bank was required to notify them in writing, by mail that their loan
modification was denied prior to filing for foreclosure. This argument was not raised in the trial
court. “This Court has ‘consistently held that arguments which are not raised below may not be 4
considered for the first time on appeal.’” See Dudek, at ¶ 11, quoting State v. Schwarz, 9th Dist.
Medina No. 02CA0042-M, 2003-Ohio-1294, ¶ 14.
{¶10} The Bowerses further argue that this defense has not been waived on appeal
because it is jurisdictional and can be raised at any time under the authority of Federal Home
Loan Mortg. Corp v. Schwartzwald, 134 Ohio St.3d 13, 2012-Ohio-5017. However,
Schwartzwald is inapplicable here. Schwartzwald is relevant when determining whether a party
filing a foreclosure action has standing. Here, the Bowerses do not dispute that the Bank is the
real party in interest and that it has standing to maintain the foreclosure action. Instead, the
Bowerses argue that the Bank has not complied with a contractual notice requirement set forth in
the note and the mortgage. This does not go to the court’s jurisdiction to hear the matter. See
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Hazel, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-1061, 2012-Ohio-5770, ¶ 13
(where cause of action is contingent upon the satisfaction of some condition precedent and the
plaintiff pleads that such conditions have been met, those conditions are deemed admitted if the
defendant fails to deny them).
{¶11} After reviewing the record, the Bowerses did not assert a meritorious defense in
their Civ.R. 60(B) motion to the trial court, and this Court will not address new arguments raised
on appeal. The Bowerses’ sole assignment of error is overruled.
III
{¶12} The Bowerses’ assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Lorain
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 5
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
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[Cite as Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. v. Bowers, 2013-Ohio-5488.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF LORAIN )
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST C.A. No. 12CA010289 CO.
Appellee APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT v. ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JEFFREY J. BOWERS, et al. COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO CASE No. 11CV172158 Appellants
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 16, 2013
WHITMORE, Judge.
{¶1} Appellants, Jeffrey and Deborah Bowers (collectively, “the Bowerses”), appeal
from the judgment of the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas, denying their motion to vacate
a default judgment. This Court affirms.
I
{¶2} On May 23, 2011, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Co. (“the Bank”) filed a
foreclosure action against the Bowerses. The Bank alleged the Bowerses had defaulted on their
mortgage payments and sought to foreclose on the Bowerses’ Murray Ridge Road property. The
Bowerses were properly served, but failed to file an answer or otherwise respond.
{¶3} On September 23, 2011, the Bank filed a motion for default judgment against the
Bowerses. The court scheduled a default hearing for the end of October. The Bowerses failed to
respond or appear at the hearing. On November 21, 2011, the magistrate recommended that the 2
trial court grant the Bank’s motion for default judgment. The trial court adopted the magistrate’s
decision and entered an order granting default judgment against the Bowerses.
{¶4} In January, an order and notice of sale were issued. On February 24, 2012, the
Bowerses filed a motion to set aside the default judgment. The Bank filed a memorandum in
opposition. On September 4, 2012, the court denied the Bowerses’ motion. The Bowerses now
appeal and raise one assignment of error for our review.
II
Assignment of Error
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANTS AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FAILING TO GRANT THEIR CIV.R. 60(B) MOTION.
{¶5} In their sole assignment of error, the Bowerses argue that the court erred by
denying their Civ.R. 60(B) motion. We disagree.
{¶6} “The decision to grant or deny a motion to vacate judgment pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B) lies in the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of
discretion.” Kish v. Kish, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010185, 2012-Ohio-5430, ¶ 9, quoting
Buckingham, Doolittle & Burroughs, L.L.P. v. Healthcare Imaging Solutions L.L.C., 9th Dist.
Summit No. 24699, 2010-Ohio-418, ¶ 8. An abuse of discretion indicates that the trial court’s
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219 (1983).
{¶7} “To prevail on a motion under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must demonstrate that:
(1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to present if relief is granted; (2) the party is
entitled to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) though (5); and (3) the
motion is made within a reasonable time * * *.” GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, 3
Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. “A ‘meritorious defense’ means a
defense going to the merits, substance, or essentials of the case.” (Internal quotations omitted.)
CitiMortgage, Inc. v. Dudek, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25806, 2012-Ohio-899, ¶ 13.
{¶8} The Bowerses filed a Civ.R. 60(B) motion requesting the trial court set aside the
default judgment because the Bank had led them to believe that it was processing a loan
modification, that the loan modification would be approved, and that the foreclosure action
would be dismissed. There was no evidence that a binding loan modification had been
consummated. Instead, the Bowerses argued to the trial court that they had a meritorious claim
because they “did not understand the legal complications of this matter.” The Bowerses did not
deny that they had defaulted on the note, that the note was secured by the mortgage, or that the
Bank had the rights to enforce the terms of the note and foreclose on the mortgage. While the
allegations that the Bank misled the Bowerses into believing that they did not need to participate
in the foreclosure proceedings could support a claim of excusable neglect or fraud, thereby
satisfying the second prong of the GTE test, see Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (3), the Bowerses did not assert
any meritorious defense to the foreclosure action in their Civ.R. 60(B) motion. See Dudek at ¶
13 (not a meritorious defense that the bank “told her to not worry about a foreclosure and that
any foreclosure proceedings were on hold”). (Internal quotations omitted.) Therefore, the
Bowerses failed to satisfy the first prong of the GTE test. See GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. at 150.
{¶9} On appeal, the Bowerses argue that they have a meritorious defense because the
Bank did not “fulfill a condition precedent” before filing for foreclosure. Specifically, the
Bowerses argue that the Bank was required to notify them in writing, by mail that their loan
modification was denied prior to filing for foreclosure. This argument was not raised in the trial
court. “This Court has ‘consistently held that arguments which are not raised below may not be 4
considered for the first time on appeal.’” See Dudek, at ¶ 11, quoting State v. Schwarz, 9th Dist.
Medina No. 02CA0042-M, 2003-Ohio-1294, ¶ 14.
{¶10} The Bowerses further argue that this defense has not been waived on appeal
because it is jurisdictional and can be raised at any time under the authority of Federal Home
Loan Mortg. Corp v. Schwartzwald, 134 Ohio St.3d 13, 2012-Ohio-5017. However,
Schwartzwald is inapplicable here. Schwartzwald is relevant when determining whether a party
filing a foreclosure action has standing. Here, the Bowerses do not dispute that the Bank is the
real party in interest and that it has standing to maintain the foreclosure action. Instead, the
Bowerses argue that the Bank has not complied with a contractual notice requirement set forth in
the note and the mortgage. This does not go to the court’s jurisdiction to hear the matter. See
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Hazel, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-1061, 2012-Ohio-5770, ¶ 13
(where cause of action is contingent upon the satisfaction of some condition precedent and the
plaintiff pleads that such conditions have been met, those conditions are deemed admitted if the
defendant fails to deny them).
{¶11} After reviewing the record, the Bowerses did not assert a meritorious defense in
their Civ.R. 60(B) motion to the trial court, and this Court will not address new arguments raised
on appeal. The Bowerses’ sole assignment of error is overruled.
III
{¶12} The Bowerses’ assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Lorain
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 5
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellants.
BETH WHITMORE FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, P. J. CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
{¶13} I concur that the trial court properly denied Mr. and Mrs. Bowers’ motion for
relief from judgment. Although the trial court was displeased with the bank’s conduct in this
case, it determined that Mr. and Mrs. Bowers had not demonstrated that they had a meritorious
defense to the foreclosure as they had merely asserted that their meritorious defense to the
foreclosure action was they “did not understand the legal complications of this matter.” Because
that is not a defense against the underlying cause of action and there was no development of any
argument on appeal on this point, Mr. and Mrs. Bowers failed to satisfy the first prong of GTE
Automatic Elec., In. v. ARC Industries, Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the
syllabus, and, therefore, the trial court did not commit reversible error in denying their motion. 6
{¶14} I write separately, however, to clarify that this is not a ratification of the behavior
of the bank in this case and in some cases, a meritorious defense could be raised as a
consequence of a bank’s conduct when engaging in the loan modification process. Foreclosure
is an action that sounds in equity, and actions by the bank that a homeowner relies upon to his or
her detriment could affect whether foreclosure is appropriate. See Natl. City Mtge. v. Skipper,
9th Dist. Summit No. 24772, 2009-Ohio-5940, ¶ 25. See also TD Bank, N.A. v. J and M
Holdings, LLC, 143 Conn.App 340, 350 (2013) (“Equitable estoppel is a recognized defense in a
foreclosure action.”); Martins v. BAC Home Loans Servicing, L.P., 722 F.3d 249, 256-257 (5th
Cir.2013) (“Promissory estoppel may overcome the statute-of-frauds requirement in Texas, but
there must have been a promise to sign a written contract which had been prepared and which
would satisfy the requirements of the statute of frauds.”) (Internal quotations and footnote
omitted.). However, Mr. and Mrs. Bowers have not developed any legal argument concerning a
meritorious defense in light of the circumstances in this case. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Thus, I
concur that their assignment of error must be overruled.
CARR, J. DISSENTING.
{¶15} I respectfully dissent. Mr. and Mrs. Bowers alleged a meritorious defense that
went directly to the underlying merits of the case, namely that the parties engaged in a mutual
modification of the loan agreement that would preclude foreclosure. See CitiMortgage, Inc. v.
Dudek, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25806, 2012-Ohio-899, ¶ 18 (Carr, J., dissenting). 7
APPEARANCES:
JEFFREY J. BOWERS and DEBORAH D. BOWERS, pro se, Appellants.
BENJAMIN W. OGG and MATTHEW J. RICHARDSON, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.