Evans, P. J.
The Bank of Covington brought an action on a note against Nowell, 'Cannon & Company, a partnership alleged to [780]*780be composed of W. C. Nowell, E. E. Nowell, and E. H. Cannon, as makers, and Nowell Company, a partnership alleged to be composed of W. C. Nowell and E. E. Nowell, as indorsers. No service was had on W. C. Nowell. E. E. Nowell was served personally. E. EL Cannon acknowledged service, and filed a plea to the effect that he did not sign the notes nor was any one authorized by him to sign the same, that the notes were executed after the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company had dissolved, and that the plaintiff and the payees had notice of the firm’s dissolution prior to the execution of the notes. The other defendants made no defense. The jury returned a verdict in favor of E. El. Cannon and against Nowell, Cannon & Company, Nowell Company, and E. E. Nowell for the amount sued for. The Bank of Covington made a motion for a new trial, service of which was acknowledged by E. EE. Cannon, but no service was, had on the other defendants. When the motion came on to be heard, E. El. Cannon orally moved to dismiss it because his codefendants in the suit had not been served. The court refused to dismiss, and after argument overruled the motion for new trial. The Bank of Covington excepts to the latter judgment, and by cross-bill E. El. Cannon excepts to the refusal to dismiss the motion for new trial.
1. When the case was called in this court, Cannon moved to dismiss the main bill of exceptions, for the same reason as that assigned in his motion to dismiss the motion for new trial. The merits of both motions of Cannon will be considered together. The plea of the defendant Cannon was aimed against the plaintiff’s procuring^ a personal judgment against him. Only one other defendant, E. E. Nowell, was served; he was alleged to be a member of both partnerships which were sued. No defense was filed by him individually or as a member of either partnership. The plaintiff was therefore entitled to a judgment against him and the partnerships of which he was a member. The only issue made by the pleadings was that raised by the plea of the defendant Cannon. The litigation then became restricted between him and the bank, and in the subsequent stages of it they were the only necessary parties. As to W. C. Nowell, who was not served, he was not a party to the suit except in so far as partnership property was concerned, which could be bound by serving either of the other partners. He was therefore not a necessary party to the motion for [781]*781new trial or to the bill of exceptions. Epping v. Aiken, 11 Ga. 682. (2). The other defendant, E. E. Nowell, filed no defense; as to him the case was in default and the plaintiff was entitled to judgment. If the verdict is set aside as an entirety and the defendant in error is thereafter held liable, the verdict would go against both him and E. E. Nowell, and he would thus have his right of contribution. E. E. Nowell can not complain that the verdict which unequivocally binds him may be set aside. Eor these reasons we hold that, under the facts of this case, Cannon is the only necessary party respondent to the motion for new trial. See, in this connection, Western Union Telegraph Company v. Griffith, 111 Ga. 551 (36 S. E. 859); Eining v. Ga. Ry. & El. Co., 133 Ga. 458 (66 S. E. 231). The bill of exceptions will not be dismissed for the further reason that E. E. Nowell filed with the record of the case his waiver of service and agreement that the case might be heard. Civil Code, §5547(3).
2, 3. On the trial it appeared that for two or three years prior to October 12th, 1905, the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company was composed of W. C. Nowell, E. E. Nowell, and E. H. Cannon; and that the firm as then constituted gave their three notes to the Bank of Covington, to wit; one note for $150.30, due December 1st, 1905, one note for $1,053.35, due December 4th, 1905, and one for $146.15, due December 10th, 1905. The firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company was dissolved on October 12th, 1905, the other members paying E. H. Cannon for his interest the sum of $1,184.33 by a cheek on another bank, signed by Nowell, Cannon & Company; which cheek was paid. On December 18th, 1905, W. C. Nowell delivered to the Bank of Covington two notes signed by Nowell, Cannon & Company, payable to Nowell Company, and indorsed by Nowell Company, as follows: note dated December 4th, 1905, due December 1st, 1906, for $1,050.50; note dated December 15th, 1905, due December 15th, 1906, for $1,550.00; each bearing interest from date at the rate of 8 per cent, per annum. These are the notes in suit. On the delivery of these notes the three notes of Nowell, Cannon & Company were surrendered to W. C. Nowell. It was not disputed that at the time of the surrender of the three notes the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company owed to the Bank of Covington the sums of money represented by these notes, which have never been paid to the bank. The defendant in error con[782]*782.tends that under these facts, and other evidence which was submitted, the verdict was authorized.
A discussion of the rest of the evidence with a view of deciding whether the verdict was warranted will be more intelligible if we first declare the rules of law appropriate to the ease. Indeed, the divergent views of the parties do not spring so much from the substantive law as from its application to the facts of the ease. The proposition is well settled that notice of the dissolution of the partnership, when not caused by death, must be given to those who have dealt with the firm, or each member of the partnership will be bound by the acts of the other, dealing in the name of the firm with such persons, especially when the transaction relates to the past debt of the partnership. Actual knowledge would dispense with the necessity of actual notice of the dissolution, and the latter may arise from knowledge of facts which charges a person with notice. Ennis v. Williams, 30 Ga. 691; Johnson v. Dooly, 72 Ga. 297; First National Bank of Gainesville v. Cody, 93 Ga. 127 (19 S. E. 831); Bush v. McCarty Co., 127 Ga. 308 (56 S. E. 430); Bass Dry Goods Company v. Granite City Manufacturing Company, 116 Ga. 176 (42 S. E. 415). These principles were applied in Ewing v. Trippe, 73 Ga. 776, where it was held that “where a note is given in the name of a firm by one of the members, after dissolution, to one who extends credit to the firm and who has no notice of such dissolution, and where no notice of any kind has been given, such note binds the firm, notwithstanding the dissolution.” And where after the dissolution of a firm new notes are given by one of the partners in the firm name, either in settlement of a firm debt or in renewal of a firm obligation, the evidence should be clear and satisfactory of the notice of such dissolution to the creditor accepting such note, to discharge the other partner. Ransom v. Loyless, 49 Ga. 471; Moore, Marsh & Company v. Duckett, 91 Ga. 752 (17 S. E. 1037).
We will now enter upon an examination of the evidence with a view of ascertaining whether it afforded an inference that the Bank of Covington had actual notice of the dissolution of the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company at the time it accepted from W. C.
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Evans, P. J.
The Bank of Covington brought an action on a note against Nowell, 'Cannon & Company, a partnership alleged to [780]*780be composed of W. C. Nowell, E. E. Nowell, and E. H. Cannon, as makers, and Nowell Company, a partnership alleged to be composed of W. C. Nowell and E. E. Nowell, as indorsers. No service was had on W. C. Nowell. E. E. Nowell was served personally. E. EL Cannon acknowledged service, and filed a plea to the effect that he did not sign the notes nor was any one authorized by him to sign the same, that the notes were executed after the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company had dissolved, and that the plaintiff and the payees had notice of the firm’s dissolution prior to the execution of the notes. The other defendants made no defense. The jury returned a verdict in favor of E. El. Cannon and against Nowell, Cannon & Company, Nowell Company, and E. E. Nowell for the amount sued for. The Bank of Covington made a motion for a new trial, service of which was acknowledged by E. EE. Cannon, but no service was, had on the other defendants. When the motion came on to be heard, E. El. Cannon orally moved to dismiss it because his codefendants in the suit had not been served. The court refused to dismiss, and after argument overruled the motion for new trial. The Bank of Covington excepts to the latter judgment, and by cross-bill E. El. Cannon excepts to the refusal to dismiss the motion for new trial.
1. When the case was called in this court, Cannon moved to dismiss the main bill of exceptions, for the same reason as that assigned in his motion to dismiss the motion for new trial. The merits of both motions of Cannon will be considered together. The plea of the defendant Cannon was aimed against the plaintiff’s procuring^ a personal judgment against him. Only one other defendant, E. E. Nowell, was served; he was alleged to be a member of both partnerships which were sued. No defense was filed by him individually or as a member of either partnership. The plaintiff was therefore entitled to a judgment against him and the partnerships of which he was a member. The only issue made by the pleadings was that raised by the plea of the defendant Cannon. The litigation then became restricted between him and the bank, and in the subsequent stages of it they were the only necessary parties. As to W. C. Nowell, who was not served, he was not a party to the suit except in so far as partnership property was concerned, which could be bound by serving either of the other partners. He was therefore not a necessary party to the motion for [781]*781new trial or to the bill of exceptions. Epping v. Aiken, 11 Ga. 682. (2). The other defendant, E. E. Nowell, filed no defense; as to him the case was in default and the plaintiff was entitled to judgment. If the verdict is set aside as an entirety and the defendant in error is thereafter held liable, the verdict would go against both him and E. E. Nowell, and he would thus have his right of contribution. E. E. Nowell can not complain that the verdict which unequivocally binds him may be set aside. Eor these reasons we hold that, under the facts of this case, Cannon is the only necessary party respondent to the motion for new trial. See, in this connection, Western Union Telegraph Company v. Griffith, 111 Ga. 551 (36 S. E. 859); Eining v. Ga. Ry. & El. Co., 133 Ga. 458 (66 S. E. 231). The bill of exceptions will not be dismissed for the further reason that E. E. Nowell filed with the record of the case his waiver of service and agreement that the case might be heard. Civil Code, §5547(3).
2, 3. On the trial it appeared that for two or three years prior to October 12th, 1905, the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company was composed of W. C. Nowell, E. E. Nowell, and E. H. Cannon; and that the firm as then constituted gave their three notes to the Bank of Covington, to wit; one note for $150.30, due December 1st, 1905, one note for $1,053.35, due December 4th, 1905, and one for $146.15, due December 10th, 1905. The firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company was dissolved on October 12th, 1905, the other members paying E. H. Cannon for his interest the sum of $1,184.33 by a cheek on another bank, signed by Nowell, Cannon & Company; which cheek was paid. On December 18th, 1905, W. C. Nowell delivered to the Bank of Covington two notes signed by Nowell, Cannon & Company, payable to Nowell Company, and indorsed by Nowell Company, as follows: note dated December 4th, 1905, due December 1st, 1906, for $1,050.50; note dated December 15th, 1905, due December 15th, 1906, for $1,550.00; each bearing interest from date at the rate of 8 per cent, per annum. These are the notes in suit. On the delivery of these notes the three notes of Nowell, Cannon & Company were surrendered to W. C. Nowell. It was not disputed that at the time of the surrender of the three notes the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company owed to the Bank of Covington the sums of money represented by these notes, which have never been paid to the bank. The defendant in error con[782]*782.tends that under these facts, and other evidence which was submitted, the verdict was authorized.
A discussion of the rest of the evidence with a view of deciding whether the verdict was warranted will be more intelligible if we first declare the rules of law appropriate to the ease. Indeed, the divergent views of the parties do not spring so much from the substantive law as from its application to the facts of the ease. The proposition is well settled that notice of the dissolution of the partnership, when not caused by death, must be given to those who have dealt with the firm, or each member of the partnership will be bound by the acts of the other, dealing in the name of the firm with such persons, especially when the transaction relates to the past debt of the partnership. Actual knowledge would dispense with the necessity of actual notice of the dissolution, and the latter may arise from knowledge of facts which charges a person with notice. Ennis v. Williams, 30 Ga. 691; Johnson v. Dooly, 72 Ga. 297; First National Bank of Gainesville v. Cody, 93 Ga. 127 (19 S. E. 831); Bush v. McCarty Co., 127 Ga. 308 (56 S. E. 430); Bass Dry Goods Company v. Granite City Manufacturing Company, 116 Ga. 176 (42 S. E. 415). These principles were applied in Ewing v. Trippe, 73 Ga. 776, where it was held that “where a note is given in the name of a firm by one of the members, after dissolution, to one who extends credit to the firm and who has no notice of such dissolution, and where no notice of any kind has been given, such note binds the firm, notwithstanding the dissolution.” And where after the dissolution of a firm new notes are given by one of the partners in the firm name, either in settlement of a firm debt or in renewal of a firm obligation, the evidence should be clear and satisfactory of the notice of such dissolution to the creditor accepting such note, to discharge the other partner. Ransom v. Loyless, 49 Ga. 471; Moore, Marsh & Company v. Duckett, 91 Ga. 752 (17 S. E. 1037).
We will now enter upon an examination of the evidence with a view of ascertaining whether it afforded an inference that the Bank of Covington had actual notice of the dissolution of the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company at the time it accepted from W. C. Nowell the notes in suit and surrendered to him the notes of the partnership, upon which the defendant Cannon was admittedly liable. One circumstance relied upon by the defendant in error to [783]*783affect tbe bank with notice is tbe nature of tbe transaction of December 18th, 1905, when ,the new notes were taken and the old notes surrendered. It is insisted that the giving of two notes for a large sum of money by an outgoing firm to an incoming firrá was sufficient of itself to put the bank on inquiry that the partnership giving the note had dissolved. We can not draw such inference. A firm may sell out its active business to a successor and still preserve its entity. It may be, and often is, desirable for a partnership disposing of -its active business to preserve the partnership relation until firm assets are collected or other firm property is converted into cash, so as to more readily and completely marshal their assets for division. Moreover the notes of Nowell, Cannon & Company to the bank were matured and unpaid, and it would not have been at all unreasonable for the bank to have inferred that the new notes were intended as renewal of the old liability. Nor do we think that a careful scrutiny of the testimony will disclose circumstances which would put the bank or its officers on inquiry as to the dissolution of the firm at the time it received the notes in suit. The defendant Cannon testified, that, about the maturity of the notes sued on, he had a conversation with the bank’s cashier, who told him that when Mr. Nowell presented the notes to him he asked him-if the firm of Nowell, Cannon & Company had not been dissolved, and Mr. Nowell replied that it had; that the cashier then asked Nowell how came Nowell, Cannon & Company, the old firm, indebted to Nowell Company, as the notes showed, and the new firm succeeded .the old firm, and Mr. Nowell replied that it came about in the way of a settlement of the old business; and that in the conversation he requested the cashier that he attempt to collect the money out of the insurance company, it appearing that the Nowell.Company had recently lost their store by fire, and the insurance thereon had not been paid. Other evidence was offered to show notice, but it is not reproduced here, as, in our opinion, the relevancy is so slight as to have practically no probative value on this point. We do not think the conversation of the cashier with the defendant, as narrated by the latter, remotely suggested inquiry that the firm had dissolved prior to the execution of the notes; for bear in mind the notes sued on are dated anterior to the conversation, and everything that was said was perfectly consistent with the execution of the notes at the time of the dissolu[784]*784tion. In fact tbe contrary would not be suspected from this conversation. It is not necessary to state the cashier’s version of the conversation, further than to say that, as related by him, there was absolutely nothing said which would excite the suspicion of the most careful and prudent man that the notes were signed after the firm had dissolved. No formal notice of the firm’s dissolution was ever given; the defendant, Mr. Cannon, was the brother in law of Mr. W. C. Nowell and uncle of R. E. Nowell. We think, from a careful consideration of the evidence, that the verdict is without evidence to support it.
Judgment reversed on main bill of exceptions, and affirmed on cross-bill.
All the Justices concur.•