Bank of America, N.A. v. Madeira Canyon Homeowners Association

• Court: District Court, D. Nevada
• Decided: November 12, 2019
• Docket: 2:16-cv-01053
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 7 * * *

8 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., Case No. 2:16-cv-01053-RFB-DJA FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE 9 ASSOCIATION, ORDER

10 Plaintiff,

11 v.

12 MADEIRA CANYON HOMEOWNERS ASSOCATION 13 SFR INVESTMENTS POOL 1, LLC NEVADA ASSOCIATION SERVICES, INC, 14 Defendants. 15 16 I. INTRODUCTION 17 Before the Court are Plaintiffs Bank of America, N.A (“BANA”) and Federal National 18 Mortgage Association’s (“Fannie Mae”) Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, and Defendant 19 SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC’s (“SFR”) Motion for Summary Judgment. ECF Nos. 36, 44. For 20 21 the following reasons, the Court denies BANA and Fannie Mae’s Motion for Partial Summary 22 Judgment and grants SFR’s Motion for Summary Judgment. 23 II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 24 BANA and Fannie Mae sued Defendants Madeira Canyon Homeowners Association (“the 25 HOA”), SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC (“SFR”) and Nevada Association Services, Inc. (“NAS”) 26 27 on May 10, 2016. ECF No. 1. Plaintiffs seek declaratory relief that a nonjudicial foreclosure sale 28 conducted in 2013 under Chapter 116 of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) did not extinguish 1 Fannie Mae’s interest in a Las Vegas property. Id. To obtain the relief, Plaintiffs assert the 2 following claims in the Complaint: (1) declaratory relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2201 against SFR; 3 (2) quiet title against SFR; (3) breach of NRS 116.1113 as against the HOA and NAS; (4) wrongful 4 foreclosure against the HOA and NAS; and (5) injunctive relief against SFR. Id. NAS answered 5 6 the complaint on June 3, 2016. ECF No. 7. On August 25, 2016, the Court administratively stayed 7 the case pending the mandate of Bourne Valley Court Trust v. Wells Fargo Bank. 832 F.3d 1154 8 (9th Cir. 2016), cert denied 137 S. Ct. 2296 (2017) . On April 8, 2019, the Court lifted the stay. 9 ECF No. 30. SFR filed its answer on July 2, 2019. ECF No. 38. 10 On June 24, 2019, Plaintiffs moved for summary judgment. ECF No. 36. The motion was 11 12 fully briefed. ECF Nos. 46, 48. SFR also moved for summary judgment. ECF No. 44. That motion 13 was also fully briefed. ECF Nos. 45, 49. 14 III. FACTUAL BACKGROUND 15 The Court makes the following findings of undisputed and disputed facts. 1 16 a. Undisputed facts 17 18 This matter concerns a nonjudicial foreclosure on a property located at 2673 Rimbaud 19 Street, Henderson, Nevada 89044 (the “property”). The property sits in a community governed by 20 the HOA. The HOA requires the community members to pay community dues. 21 Nonparty Ronaldo A. Bumbasi borrowed funds from Pulte Mortgage LLC to purchase the 22 property in 2006. To obtain the loan, Bumbasi executed a promissory note and a corresponding 23 24 deed of trust to secure repayment of the note. The deed of trust, which lists Bumbasi as the 25 borrower, Pulte Mortgage LLC as the lender, Lawyers Title of Nevada as the original trustee, and 26

27 1 The Court takes judicial notice of the publicly recorded documents related to the deed of trust and the foreclosure as well as Fannie Mae’s Single-Family Servicing Guide. Fed. R. Evid. 201 (b), (d); Berezovsky v. Moniz, 869 F.3d 28 923, 932–33 (9th Cir. 2017) (judicially noticing the substantially similar Freddie Mac Guide); Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 690 (9th Cir. 2001) (permitting judicial notice of undisputed matters of public record). 1 Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (“MERS”) as the original beneficiary was 2 recorded on November 30, 2006. MERS substituted nonparty Recontrust Company as trustee 3 under the deed of trust as recorded on October 2, 2008. On July 12, 2010 MERS assigned the 4 Senior Deed of Trust to BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP fka Countrywide Home Loans Servicing. 5 6 Bumbasi failed to pay the required HOA dues or his required loan payments. On October 7 16, 2008, a notice of default and election to sell under deed of trust was recorded. The notice stated 8 that MERS, as beneficiary of record, had executed and delivered to Recontrust Company a written 9 declaration of default and demand for sale, based on Bumbasi’s “failure to pay the installment of 10 principal, interest and impound which became due on 07/01/2008” and “does hereby declare all 11 12 sums secured thereby immediately due and payable.” On November 5, 2010, a rescission of 13 election to declare default was recorded that stated as follows: 14 “Recontrust Company, N.A., acting as an agent . . . does hereby rescind, cancel and 15 withdraw the Notice of Default and Election to Sell . . . provided however, that this rescission shall not be construed as waiving, curing, extending to, or affecting any 16 default, either past, present or future . . . and it . . . shall be deemed . . .only an election without prejudice not to cause a sale to be made.” 17

18 From September 10, 2009 through March 2013, a notice of delinquent assessment lien, a 19 notice of default and election to sell, and a notice of foreclosure sale were all recorded by the HOA. 20 21 On May 10, 2013 SFR purchased the property for $18,000. On June 4, 2019, a second notice of 22 rescission of notice of default and election to sell under deed of trust was recorded. This rescission 23 notice provided that the present beneficiary “does hereby rescind, cancel, withdraw and revoke 24 without prejudice the acceleration of the Note, or Deed of Trust, or both, as referenced in the 25 Notice of Default and Election to Sell Under Deed of Trust listed above.” No payments have been 26 27 made on the underlying loan since June 1, 2008. 28 / / / 1 Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) previously purchased the note and 2 the deed of trust on or about December 1, 2006. While its interest was never recorded under its 3 name, Fannie Mae continued to maintain its ownership of the note and the deed of trust at the time 4 of the foreclosure. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP fka Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, 5 6 which merged with BANA in 2011, serviced the note and was listed as the beneficiary of the deed 7 of trust, on behalf of Fannie Mae, at the time of the foreclosure. 8 The relationship between Fannie Mae and BANA, as Fannie Mae’s servicer, is governed 9 by Fannie Mae’s Single-Family Servicing Guide (“the Guide”). The Guide provides that servicers 10 may act as record beneficiaries for deeds of trust owned by Fannie Mae. It also requires that 11 12 servicers assign the deeds of trust to Fannie Mae on Fannie Mae’s demand. The Guide states: 13 The servicer ordinarily appears in the land records as the mortgagee to facilitate 14 performance of the servicer's contractual responsibilities, including (but not limited to) the receipt of legal notices that may impact Fannie Mae's lien, such as notices 15 of foreclosure, tax, and other liens. However, Fannie Mae may take any and all 16 action with respect to the mortgage loan it deems necessary to protect its ... ownership of the mortgage loan, including recordation of a mortgage assignment, 17 or its legal equivalent, from the servicer to Fannie Mae or its designee. In the event that Fannie Mae determines it necessary to record such an instrument, the servicer 18 must assist Fannie Mae by [ ] preparing and recording any required documentation, 19 such as mortgage assignments, powers of attorney, or affidavits; and [by] providing recordation information for the affected mortgage loans. 20 The Guide also allows for a temporary transfer of possession of the note when necessary 21 for servicing activities, including “whenever the servicer, acting in its own name, represents the 22 interests of Fannie Mae in ... legal proceedings.” The temporary transfer is automatic and occurs 23 at the commencement of the servicer's representation of Fannie Mae. The Guide also includes a 24 25 chapter regarding how servicers should manage litigation on behalf of Fannie Mae. But the Guide 26 clarifies that “Fannie Mae is at all times the owner of the mortgage note[.]” Finally, under the 27 Guide, the servicer must “maintain in the individual mortgage loan file all documents and system 28 records that preserve Fannie Mae’s ownership interest in the mortgage loan.” 1 Finally, the Guide “permits the servicer that has Fannie Mae’s [limited power of attorney] 2 to execute certain types of legal documents on Fannie Mae’s behalf.” The legal documents include 3 full or partial releases or discharges of a mortgage; requests to a trustee for a full or partial 4 reconveyance or discharge of a deed of trust, modification or extensions of a mortgage or deed of 5 6 trust; subordination of the lien of a mortgage or deed of trust, conveyances of a property to certain 7 entities; and assignments or endorsements of mortgages, deeds of trust, or promissory notes to 8 certain entities. 9 In 2008, Congress passed the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (“HERA”), 12 U.S.C. 10 § 4511 et seq., which established the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“the Agency”). HERA 11 12 gave the Agency the authority to oversee Fannie Mae. In accordance with its authority, the Agency 13 placed Fannie Mae under its conservatorship in 2008. Neither FHFA nor Fannie Mae consented to 14 the foreclosure extinguishing Fannie Mae’s interest in the property in this matter. 15 b. Disputed Facts 16 The facts in this matter are mostly undisputed. The parties dispute the legal effect of the 17 circumstances. 18 19 IV. LEGAL STANDARD 20 Summary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings, depositions, answers to 21 interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show “that there is no 22 genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” 23 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); accord Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). When considering 24 the propriety of summary judgment, the court views all facts and draws all inferences in the light 25 26 most favorable to the nonmoving party. Gonzalez v. City of Anaheim, 747 F.3d 789, 793 (9th Cir. 27 2014). If the movant has carried its burden, the non-moving party “must do more than simply 28 show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts…. Where the record taken as 1 a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party, there is no genuine 2 issue for trial.” Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380 (2007) (alteration in original) (internal quotation 3 marks omitted). It is improper for the Court to resolve genuine factual disputes or make credibility 4 determinations at the summary judgment stage. Zetwick v. Cty. of Yolo, 850 F.3d 436, 441 (9th 5 6 Cir. 2017) (citations omitted). 7 V. DISCUSSION 8 SFR argues that NRS 106.240 extinguished Plaintiffs’ interest in the property prior the 9 foreclosure sale. Nev. Rev. Stat. § 106.240. For the following reasons, the Court agrees. 10 Section 106.240 provides that: 11 12 The lien heretofore or hereafter created of any mortgage or deed of trust upon any real property, appearing of record, and not otherwise satisfied and discharged of record, shall 13 at the expiration of 10 years after the debt secured by the mortgage or deed of trust according to the terms thereof or any recorded written extension thereof become wholly 14 due, terminate, and it shall be conclusively presumed that the debt has been regularly 15 satisfied and the lien discharged. Id. 16 17 The Nevada legislature and the Nevada Supreme Court have not explicitly defined the meaning of 18 the term “wholly due.” However the Nevada Supreme Court has endorsed by implication the 19 finding that acceleration of a note serves to make the full amount “wholly due.” See First Am. 20 21 Title Ins. Co. v. Coit, 412 P.3d 1088 n.1 (Nev. 2018) (unpublished). As it is undisputed that the 22 borrower made no payment after 2008, any reinstatement provision of the deed of trust was not 23 honored and so the Court finds that Fannie Mae’s interest in the property extinguished on October 24 16, 2018, ten years after the default instrument was recorded. 25 BANA and Fannie Mae argue that the rescission recorded on November 5, 2010 served to 26 27 rescind the acceleration. However nowhere in the document is there any statement that the 28 acceleration of the loan has been rescinded. Rather the notice merely states that the beneficiary 1 chose not to elect to sell at that time. The rescission notice is also careful to note that the rescission 2 shall not be construed as curing any default or altering any rights, remedies or privileges secured 3 to the beneficiary. The Court thus agrees with SFR that more is required in order to show that 4 deceleration of payment was intended. While the Court agrees with BANA that SFR’s reliance on 5 6 a pre-2016 unpublished Nevada Supreme Court decision is without any precedential or persuasive 7 value, BANA can point to no authority or source to support its argument that the Court find in its 8 favor. Furthermore, the recording of a second rescission in June 2019, in which the language is 9 clear that deceleration is intended, leads the Court to infer that even Fannie Mae and BANA were 10 aware of the insufficiency of the first recorded rescission. 11 12 Finally, the Court rejects BANA’s request that the Court apply equitable tolling to the ten- 13 year period delineated in NRS 106.240. As a preliminary matter, the Court notes that NRS 106.240 14 is not a statute of limitation, but a statute of repose. A statute of limitation creates “a time limit for 15 suing in a civil case, based on the date when the claim accrued.” CTS Corp. v. Waldburger, 573 16 U.S. 1, 9 (2014) (internal citations omitted). By contrast, a statute of repose “puts an outer limit 17 18 on the right to bring a civil action.” Id. The statute of limitation and the statute of repose serve 19 different purposes. The statute of limitation requires plaintiffs to “pursue diligent prosecution of 20 known claims,” and “promote[s] justice by preventing surprises through . . . revival of claims that 21 have been allowed to slumber.” Id. Statutes of repose, however, “effect a legislative judgment that 22 a defendant should be free from liability after the legislatively determined period of time.” Id. 23 24 (internal citations omitted). With a statute of repose, the limit is “measured not from the date on 25 which the claim accrues but instead from the date of the last culpable act or omission of the 26 defendant.” Id. Under section 106.240, the limit on a party’s ability to bring the action is dated 27 from the borrower’s failure to cure the default. One of the central distinctions between the statute 28 1 of limitation and the statute of repose is the applicability of equitable tolling. “Statutes of repose . 2 . . generally may not be tolled, even in cases of extraordinary circumstances beyond the plaintiff’s 3 control.” Id. Because NRS 106.240 is a statute of repose, equitable tolling is not available, and the 4 Court declines to use it here. 5 6 Based on the forgoing, the Court grants summary judgment in favor of SFR and declares 7 that SFR acquired the property free and clear of Fannie Mae’s interest, which was extinguished 8 pursuant to NRS 106.240. The Court finds this holding to be decisive as to all claims in this matter 9 and dismisses the remaining claims and counterclaims as a result. 10 11 VI. CONCLUSION 12 IT IS ORDERED that Defendant SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC’s Motion for Summary 13 14 Judgment (ECF No. 44) is GRANTED. The Clerk of the Court is therefore instructed to enter 15 judgment in favor of Defendant SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC. The remaining claims in this matter 16 are dismissed. 17 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs Bank of America, N.A. and Federal National 18 Mortgage Association’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (ECF No. 36) is denied. 19 20 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the lis pendens filed in this case (ECF No. 4), is 21 expunged. 22 / / / 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 26 27 28 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the cash deposit made by Bank of America is returned 2 with interest to the Legal Owner named in the certificate of cash deposit. (ECF No. 19). 3 4 DATED: November 12, 2019. AS 6 RICHARD F. BOULWARE, II ; UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

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